（江苏专用）2019年高中英语Unit3ProtectingourselvesSectionⅡWelcometotheunit.docx

Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage Points.高频单词1deadly adj. 致命的；彻底的2bid n努力争取 vi.出价；投标；试图3prescription n. 处方(药)，药方 4bathe vt. & vi. (给)洗澡bath n洗澡5unprotected adj. 无防护的protected (反义词)受保护的protect vt.保护protection n保护6prevention n预防，防止 prevent vt.预防， 防止.重点短语1be_harmful_to对有害2give_a_sideways_glance 向旁边瞥了一眼3pass_on 把(疾病)传染给；传递(某物)4contrary_to 与相反5burst on the scene 突然出现6lose sb. to . 因为而失去某人7devote oneself to 专注8have access to 有机会使用.经典句型1句型展示Eventually, the bodys immune system becomes so weak that the person often becomes very ill from usually mild sicknesses.最后，人体的免疫系统变得如此脆弱以至于一些轻微的疾病都会使这个人病得很严重。典例背诵The teacher was telling us so interesting a story that we all forgot the time.老师给我们讲了一个这么有趣的故事，结果我们都忘记了时间。2句型展示There_are over 30 million people living with HIV worldwide.现在全球有多于三千万的艾滋病毒携带者生存着。典例背诵There are two boys playing basketball on the playground now.有两个男孩正在操场上打篮球。1unprotected adj.未采取保护措施的，无防护的教材原句The virus is spread in three waysit can be passed on through unprotected sex, through blood and from a mother to her child.这种病毒通过三种方式传播它可以通过没有防护措施的性行为、血液及母婴传播。As much as 40 percent of unprotected crops have been destroyed.没有采取保护措施的庄稼被损毁的多达40%。(1)protection n保护；保障；抵御；防卫under protection 受保护(2)protect vt. 保护protect. from/against 保护不受侵害(3)protective adj. 保护的；防护的They traveled under the protection of a number of soldiers.他们在一些士兵的护卫下旅行。The plants should be protected from/against the cold.应该保护这些植物使之不受冻。即境活用1用protect的适当形式填空Her thin coat gave/provided little protection against the cold.Hes very protective towards his sister.2. burst on the scene突然出现教材原句However, since the disease burst on the scene in the 1980s, it has become a serious problem around the world.但是，自从艾滋病在20世纪80年代突然爆发以来，它已经成为一个严重的全球性问题。Various computer games burst on the scene during the Internet boom.在互联网热潮时期，各种各样的电脑游戏出现了。on the scene当场，在现场come/appear/arrive on the scene 到场behind the scenes 秘密地，在幕后，不公开的It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.不久，一架直升机来到了现场搭救那次空难中的幸存者。 Most important political decisions are made behind the scenes.大多数的重要政治决定都是秘密作出的。即境活用2A lot of negotiating has been going on _ the scenes.AwithBinCbehind Dat解析：选C。句意：广泛的谈判一直在秘密进行。behind the scenes“在幕后，不公开地”。3. lose sb. to .因为而失去某人教材原句According to the World Health Organization(WHO), more than 4 million children have died of Aids, and more than 15 million children have lost their parents to Aids.根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的统计，已有超过四百万的儿童死于艾滋病，超过一千五百万的儿童由于艾滋病失去了父母。She has just lost her husband to heart failure.她丈夫刚因心力衰竭去世了。lose sb. sth.使某人输掉或失去某物lose oneself in. 全神贯注于lose heart 灰心lose ones way 迷路lose weight 减轻体重Those comments may well have lost them the election.那些评论很可能使他们输掉这场竞选。My teacher told me not to lose heart.我的老师告诉我不要灰心。即境活用3完成句子他最近体重轻了不少。He has_lost a lot of weight recently. 上周她母亲被癌症夺去了生命。She lost_her_mother_to cancer last week.4. bid nC努力争取；招标 vi. & vt. (bid, bid)出价；投标；试图教材原句In a bid to control the problem, the government has opened labs to monitor the disease, and in 2003 it also started providing free drugs for Aids patients.在为控制这个问题而做的努力中，政府已开放了实验室来检测这种疾病，并且在2003年已开始向艾滋病人免费提供药品。We received a bid of 5, 000 for the table.我们那张桌子接到了5000英镑的出价。(1)a bid to do sth./for sth. 努力争取(2)bid (money) for sth. 出价购买bid against each other on/for a project 相互竞争对一个项目进行投标bid to do sth. 努力争取做某事The company cut prices just before Christmas in a bid to support sales.公司在圣诞节前夕降价促销。They bid 300 for the painting at auction.拍卖会上，他们为那幅画出价300英镑。即境活用4用适当的介词填空We wanted to buy the chair but another couple were bidding against us.A French firm will be bidding for/on the contract.5prevention n预防，防止教材原句Aids prevention education is very important, and I think we all have to do something to support it.艾滋病预防教育是非常重要的，我认为我们都必须做些事情来予以支持。Stress should be put on the prevention of diseases.疾病应以预防为主。prevent v防止；预防prevent . from(doing) sth. 阻止/制止(做)某事What can we do to prevent the disease from spreading?我们能做些什么来防止这种疾病的蔓延呢？点津(1)prevent/stop . (from) doing sth.中的from可以省略，而keep . from doing sth.中的from不可以省略。(2)以上三个短语用于被动语态时，from均不能省略。We were prevented/stopped/kept from attending the meeting by the heavy rain.大雨使我们没法参加会议。即境活用5完成句子卫兵站在门口阻止任何人离开。Guards stood at the doors to_prevent_anyone_from_leaving.我们强化了对环境污染的防治。We strengthened the_prevention_and_control of environment pollution.Eventually, the bodys immune system becomes so weak that the person often becomes very ill from usually mild sicknesses.最后，人体的免疫系统变得如此脆弱以致一些轻微的疾病都会使这个人病得很严重。这是一个主从复合句，so . that . 引导一个结果状语从句。so形容词或副词that. 引导结果状语从句，意思是“如此以致”。He was so careless that he didnt find the mistakes in his test paper.他太粗心了，以至于没有发现试卷中的这些错误。Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.大连是一个如此迷人的地方以至于每年有众多的游客来参观这座城市。(1)so .that .句型中的so为副词，在“soadj.a/an单数可数名词”结构中，so直接修饰形容词或副词，同样的结构有：(2)such .that .从句中的such为形容词，其中心词为名词，用法类似于感叹句中的what。How beautiful a place/ What a beautiful place we are living in!我们正生活在一个多么美丽的地方啊！(3)当so adj./adv.及such .放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 So fast is the city developing that you can never imagine what it will be like tomorrow.现在城市发展是如此之快，你永远想象不到它明天会是什么样子。即境活用 The weather was _ cold that I didnt like to leave my room.AreallyBsuchCtoo Dso解析：选D。 考查so .that .句型。cold为形容词，故需用副词so来修饰。句意：天气太冷，我都不想离开房间了。故选D。.单词拼写1The study is working towards the prevention (预防) of cancer.2I think Ill have a bath (沐浴) and go to bed.3The truck skidded sideways (向一侧) across the road.4This medicine is not available without a prescription (处方)5We need to put efficiency high on the agenda (日常工作事项)6The lowest bid (投标) we received was 4, 000.7The police charged him with possession of a deadly (致命的) weapon.8She cant help weeping (哭泣) for the loss of her husband.完成句子1他没有听医生的吩咐，又回去工作了。Contrary_to the doctors instructions, he went back to work.2仅仅几分钟后，摄影师就到了现场。Photographers arrived_on_the_scene just a few minutes later.3偶尔吃糖对孩子不会有什么害处。Eating sweets occasionally isnt_harmful_to children.4我那天请了假，因为我不想把感冒传染给全办公室的人。I took the day off work because I didnt want to pass_on my flu to everyone in the office.55岁孩童中只有40%能享受学前教育。Only 40% of 5yearolds have_access_to preschool education.单项填空1Science has made great progress in the _ of many diseases.AfunctionBpreventionCexplanation Dintention解析：选B。句意：科学使得在很多疾病的预防上已有很大进步。prevention意为“预防，防止”，符合句意。2_ about the economical crisis that he decided to look for more information about it.ASo curious he wasBSo curious was heCSuch curious he wasDSuch curious was he解析：选B。考查倒装。so . that从句中的so位于句首时引起部分倒装。句意：他对经济危机如此好奇，以至于他决定探寻与之有关的更多的信息。curious为形容词，用so修饰，故选B。3One reason for her choosing this school is that she can have easy _ to many teaching facilities.Achance BpossessionCaccess Dgain解析：选C。句意：她选这所学校的一个原因是她可以很容易地利用一些教学设施。access“进入，接近”；have access to指“可以利用，可以接近”，故选择C项。4(2011湖南高考)I knew that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.Asomething BanythingCeverything Dnothing解析：选D。考查代词。句意：我知道没有什么能阻止他。他是不会放弃当导演的想法的。nothing意为“没有什么”，符合句意。5Find ways to praise your children often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you.Atill BorCand Dbut解析：选C。 句意：经常找一些方法表扬你的孩子们，你会发现他们将会向你敞开心扉。这是一个“祈使句and陈述句”结构。后面的陈述句表达的是前面祈使句顺承的结果，所以用and。如果陈述句表达的是与前面祈使句相反的结果，则用or。6Five minutes after the accident, an ambulance arrived _.Aon the move Bon the sceneCon display Don board解析：选B。句意：事故发生五分钟后，一辆救护车就抵达了现场。on the scene“在现场”，符合句意。on the move“在行进”；on display“展出”；on board“在船上，在飞机上”。7Two people were bidding against each other _ the mirror when I went in.Aabout BforCat Dwith解析：选B。句意：当我进去的时候，有两个人在竞买那面镜子。bid against each other on/for sth.“相互竞争对某物进行投标(出价)。”8We _ Sundays as our Family Day, and try our best not to schedule anything else on that day.Aprotect BexpressCpass Dreserve解析：选D。考查动词辨析。句意：我们保留了周日作为我们的家庭日，在这天尽量不安排别的活动。protect“保护”；express“表达”；pass“通过”；reserve“保留”。9The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.Awhich BwhoseCwhen Dwhere解析：选B。考查定语从句。句中先行词为The school shop，它与定语从句的主语customers存在所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。句意：学校商店的主要顾客是学生，因此在假期暂停营业。10Hey, Gary, did Linda see you come in?I dont think so. She _ her lessons then.Areviewed Bwould reviewCwas reviewing Dreviews解析：选C。考查时态。句意：“嗨，Gary，刚才Linda看见你进来了吗？”“我认为没有。她当时正在复习功课。”根据答语第二句中的“then”可知应用过去进行时。.阅读理解A“Thank goodness I am OK, ”said Tian Ruiyin, 39, who never expected an ordinary train journey to turn into a nightmare.On July 23, it was just another trip from his hometown in East Chinas Shandong Province to his work place and current permanent residence in Fuzhou.In the No. 15 coach of the express D301 train from Beijing to Fuzhou, Tian and his wife were talking about their reluctance (不情愿) to leave their parents behind, their two children playing cards.There were about only two hours left before they were due to arrive at South Fuzhou Station. “My children climbed down from the upper bunk and sat with my wife on the lower bunk, as the thunder and lightning outside the train scared them, ”said Tian.When he stoop up, trying to stretch his legs a bit after a long spell on the lower bunk, he suddenly fell over and sharp pain raced through his back. He heard his children crying.Only then did he realize that the train might have hit something. “It felt like someone threw me fiercely against the wall, ” he said. Then he heard people shouting：“Our train crashed into another train.”Within a couple of minutes, all the passengers were ordered to leave the train as soon as possible. People ran to the exits and jumped onto the rails, which were some 20 meters above the ground on an overpass.Tian and his family, together with those survivors who could move on their own, were told to go back and forth along the railway several times, until a slope that led to the farmland beneath the overpass was found.“My wife was OK, but my children had some slight bruises (擦伤), and they were so scared that they could not stop crying, ” he said.He decided to let his wife take the two children home on another train, which got to Fuzhou at 10 am on Sunday, almost 12 hours after their scheduled arrival.Tian was then sent to Wenzhou No.3 Peoples Hospital to have his back checked. Fortunately, there were no major injuries. He then took a train from South Wenzhou Station to Fuzhou Station on the morning of July 24.“Thank goodness I could have been one of the very unlucky ones, if I were in some other coach, ” he repeated, hands shaking.语篇解读：7月23日晚，浙江温州发生特大动车追尾事故，数人遇难。噩梦之后，亲历灾难的幸存者们更加认识到了生命的可贵。1The underlined word“bunk”refers to_.Aa carriage for a rest in a trainBa bench in the trainCthe passage in a trainDa bed in a train for passengers to lie or sit on解析：选D。词义理解题。根据画线词前后的描述可知，bunk是火车上供旅客躺或坐的床铺。2Which of the following is not true according to the passage?ATians children didnt have any injuries in the accident.BTian and his family didnt go back home together after the accident.CThe accident happened before the train arrived at the South Fuzhou Station.DTian was trying to stretch his body when the accident suddenly happened.解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第九段可知，田先生的孩子们有轻微擦伤，故选A项。3How did the serious accident happen?AThere was terrible weather.BThe train was out of control.CThe rails broke down.DThe train crashed into another one.解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Our train crashed into another train.” 可知，这次事故是由两列火车相撞造成的。4Why were Tian and other survivors told to go back and forth along the railway several times?ABecause it was very dangerous beyond the railway.BBecause they were lost on the railway.CBecause they didnt find a way out at first.DBecause they could warm themselves up this way.解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第八段中的“.until a slope that led to the farmland beneath the overpass was found.”可知，这一行人被要求在铁轨上来回走是因为他们刚开始没有找到走出去的路。BA pill that fights snoring (打鼾) could be the secret to a good nights sleep for millions of couples. Initial results suggest the new drug could be the first pill to handle sleep apnea (呼吸暂停). It may also help reduce the risks of high blood pressure and heart disease linked with sleep apnea.The condition occurs as a result of the narrowing of the airways. As sleep begins, the muscles in the airway relax. For most people this does not cause a problem, but for those with sleep apnea it leads to a complete loss of strength that stops breathing for at least ten seconds. Once the brain realizes breathing has stopped, it sends out a signal for the airway muscles to contract again.Treatment normally begins with trying to lose weight. But many patients end up needing a treatment called CPAP, which includes wearing a special mask over the nose and mouth during sleep. Other equipment includes special dental splints (牙夹板), which are worn at night. These treatments are very effective but dont actually cure the condition.A pill is regarded by some experts as a perfect method of snoring treatment. The new drug, called Qnexa, was developed as a weightloss medicine. Researchers noticed an added benefit when they tested volunteers to measure the effects on sleep apnea. Over the course of the trial, which included men and women aged 30 to 65, the number of times their sleep was interrupted by snoringrelated problems dropped from an average of 46 times an hour to just 14. Meanwhile, they lost an average of 10 percent of their body weight and saw a great drop in blood pressure.Professor Jim Horne said, “Around 50 percent of obese people suffer sleep apnea to some degree. When they lie down in bed, their muscles relax and the fat around their neck presses the airway even further. Its possible this drug helps by causing weight loss or making the throat muscles tighter. We wont know whether its beneficial to habitual snorers who arent overweight until mo