课时讲练通高中英语2016年高考分类题库考点7单项填空.docx

考点7 单项填空一、 名词1.(2016江苏卷24)Can you tell us yourfor happiness and a long life?Living every day to the full, definitely.A.recipe B.record C.rangeD.receipt【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意:你能告诉我们你保持幸福长寿的秘诀吗?确切来说,就是每天活到最充实。recipe秘诀,符合句意。record记录;range范围;receipt收据,收条。2.(2016浙江卷4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may affect your.A.conditionB.incomeC.creditD.status【解析】选C。考查名词。句意:按时交电费很重要,因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。credit信用,信誉,符合题意。3.(2016天津卷10)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slightof rain later tonight.A.effectB.senseC.change D.chance【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意:天气预报说,今晚晚些时候有风,并且有很小的可能会下雨。a chance of有的可能,符合句意。effect影响;sense感觉,意义;change改变。二、 主谓一致无三、 冠词(2016浙江卷2)prize for the winner of the competition istwo-week holiday in Paris.A.The;不填 B.A;不填C.A;the D.The;a【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意:比赛获胜者的奖励是到巴黎度假两周。prize被介词短语for the winner of the competition限定,表示特指,故第一个空应用the;第二个空表示泛指,故用不定冠词a。四、 代词(2016浙江卷3)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different fromin the UK.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it【解析】选A。考查代词。句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差别。此处指代the education system,故用that。that代替特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词;this指代下文中要提到的内容;one代替泛指的可数名词单数;it代替同名同物。五、 介词和介词短语1.(2016天津卷2)The dictionary is:many words have been added to the language since it was published.A.out of controlB.out of dateC.out of sight D.out of reach【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意:这本词典已经:自从这本字典发行以来,这门语言中已经增添了很多字。out of date过时的,符合句意。out of control失去控制;out of sight看不见;out of reach够不着。2.(2016浙江卷6)That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help.,hes reliable.A.Or else B.In shortC.By the way D.For one thing【解析】选B。考查介词短语。句意:那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神,当你需要他帮忙的时候,他总是在那儿。简言之,他是可以信赖的。in short简言之;or else否则,不然;by the way顺便说一下,顺便问一下;for one thing一则。3.(2016浙江卷7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow upinfluence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.A.onB.inC.atD.about【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:这项研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本环节。句中that引导的是宾语从句,we grow up为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,根据其先行词the cultures可知此处应用in。六、 形容词、副词和倍数表达法1.(2016江苏卷31)His comprehensive surveys have provided the moststatements of how,and on what basis,data are collected.A.explicitB.ambiguousC.originalD.arbitrary【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。句意:他全面的调查提供了最详尽清楚的关于如何收集,在什么基础上收集数据的说明。explicit明确的,清晰的,符合句意。original原始的,最初的;ambiguous模糊不清的;arbitrary任意的。2. (2016浙江卷13)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,if you are travelling at high speed.A.eventually B.strangelyC.merely D.especially【解析】选D。考查副词辨析。句意:突然停止有时会是很可怕的经历,尤其是当你高速行进的时候。especially尤其;eventually最后;strangely奇怪地;merely仅仅。3.(2016浙江卷16)In this article,you need to back up general statements withexamples.A.specificB.permanentC.abstractD.universal【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。句意:在这篇文章中,你需要用特定的事例来支持你的基本观点。specific特殊的;permanent永久的;abstract抽象的;universal普遍的。4.(2016浙江卷18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attendin the coming years.A.little more B.no moreC.much more D.many more【解析】选D。考查比较等级。句意:我一直很喜欢你组织的各项活动,我希望未来几年能参加更多的活动。根据前面的events可知此处用many more。七、 动词和动词短语1.(2016江苏卷25)He did noteasily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A.approach B.wrestleC.compromise D.communicate【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意:他不会轻易妥协,但是他很愿意接受任何对这项有价值的事业具有建设性意义的建议。compromise妥协,符合句意。approach接近,靠近;wrestle摔跤;communicate交流。2.(2016江苏卷30)Many businesses started up by college students havethanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A.fallen off B.taken offC.turned off D.left off【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:多亏了良好的创业环境,很多大学生项目获得成功。take off成功,腾飞,符合题意。fall off掉落;turn off关闭;leave off中断。3.(2016江苏卷33)Parents should actively urge their children tothe opportunity to join sports teams.A.gain admission to B.keep track ofC.take advantage of D.give rise to【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:家长们应该积极鼓励孩子们充分利用加入运动队的机会。take advantage of利用,符合句意。gain admission to获得的许可;keep track of记录,与保持联系;give rise to引起,导致。4.(2016天津卷8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally sheher opinion on the subject.A.gave voice toB.kept an eye onC.turned a deaf ear toD.set foot on【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:在讨论开始的阶段,玛丽表示沉默,但是最后在这个主题上发表了意见。give voice to发表意见,符合句意。keep an eye on注意,留心;turn a deaf ear to装作没听见;set foot on进入,踏上。5.(2016天津卷12)Im going toadvantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.A.put B.makeC.take D.give【解析】选C。考查动词短语。句意:我将利用这次旅行,来探索这个城堡的历史。take advantage of利用,符合句意。6.(2016天津卷14)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy toa conversation with her.A.carry on B.break intoC.turn down D.cut off【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我讨厌当我工作的时候她给我打电话,我总是太忙没有时间和她聊。carry on继续,符合语境。break into闯入;turn down拒绝;cut off切除。7.(2016浙江卷8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather thanus.A.divide B.rejectC.control D.abandon【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意:当我们学会让分歧团结而不是分裂我们的时候,我们就能取得很大的成就。divide分裂;reject拒绝;control控制;abandon丢弃,放弃。8.(2016浙江卷12)When their children lived far away from them,these old people feltfrom the world.A.carried awayB.broken downC.cut off D.brought up【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:当孩子们住得离他们远时,这些老年人就觉得自己与世界隔绝了。cut off使与外界隔绝,符合题意;carry away运走;break down出故障;bring up抚养。9.(2016浙江卷14)When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one thatmy interest.A.limited B.reservedC.reflected D.spoiled【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意:当最后决定课程的时间到来时,我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。reflect反映;limit限制;reserve保留;spoil损坏,宠坏。八、 情态动词1.(2016北京卷31)I love the weekend,because Iget up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A.neednt B.mustntC.wouldntD.shouldnt【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意:我喜欢周末,因为周六和周日我不必早起。neednt表示没有必要;mustnt表示禁止;wouldnt表示过去时态的“不会”;shouldnt表示不应该。根据句意和情景选择A项。2.(2016浙江卷17)Georgetoo far.His coffee is still warm.A.must have gone B.might have goneC.cant have gone D.neednt have gone【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意:乔治不可能走太远。他的咖啡还是热的呢。cant have done sth.不可能做过某事;must have done sth.一定做过某事;might have done sth.可能做过某事;neednt have done sth.本不必做某事。3.(2016天津卷5)It was really annoying;Iget access to the data bank you had recommended.A.wouldnt B.couldntC.shouldnt D.neednt【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意:太烦了,我使用你推荐的数据库。根据前半句的意思可以判断这个人不能使用。wouldnt不肯,不愿意;shouldnt不应该;neednt不需要。九、 虚拟语气1.(2016北京卷34)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If youme,I could have helped.A.told B.had toldC.were to tell D.would tell【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意:你上周怎么没有告诉我你遇到的困难?如果你告诉了我,我会给你帮助的。由句子情景可知,前一句是对过去情况的表述,而后一句是对过去情况的假设,故应该使用虚拟语气。2.(2016浙江卷15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deathssince their highest in 2005.A.had not fallenB.would not fallC.did not fall D.would not have fallen【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是政府们和科学家们共同努力的话,与艾滋病有关的死亡人数就不会在2005年达到顶峰后下降了。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,if从句用过去完成时,主句用would+have done。3.(2016天津卷15)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I.A.were injured B.would be injuredC.had been injured D.would have been injured【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意:我系着安全带了。如果我没有系安全带的话,我可能已经受伤了。根据从句hadnt been wearing可以看出是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,因此主句用could/would/should/might+have done的形式。4.(2016江苏卷27)If itfor his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.A.had not beenB.should not beC.were not to beD.should not have been【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是那天他的邀请,现在我不会在这里。从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,应该使用had done。【易错误区】(1)误导原因:主句使用的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句也容易理解成是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。(2)去伪存真:从句时间状语是the other day,故判断是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,用had done。十、 动词的时态和语态1.(2016北京卷21)Jackin the lab when the power cut occurred.A.works B.has workedC.was working D.would work【解析】选C。考查动词的时态。句意:杰克正在实验室工作的时候突然停电了。be doing/be about to do.when.“正在/正要这时”。2.(2016北京卷23)Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.Wehere for more than two hours.A.waited B.waitC.would be waiting D.have been waiting【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。句意:打扰一下,你们在等着看哪场电影?新版星球大战。我们已经在这里等了两个多小时了。根据答语可知,动作发生的时间是当前,而根据时间状语for more than two hours和句意可知,动作到现在还没有结束,还有可能继续下去,故应该使用现在完成进行时,选择D项。3.(2016北京卷25)Ihalf of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A.read B.have readC.am reading D.will read【解析】选B。考查动词的时态。句意:这本英文小说我已经读了一半了,我会尽力在周末读完。根据句意和情景可知,read的动作已经完成,故应该使用现在完成时。4.(2016北京卷30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their effortswith success in the end.A.rewardedB.were rewardedC.will rewardD.will be rewarded【解析】选D。考查动词的时态和语态。句意:学生们一直刻苦学习功课,他们的努力最终将会获得成功作为回报。根据句意和情景可知,前一分句使用现在完成进行时,表示动作持续到现在;后一分句应该使用一般将来时,且动词reward与主语efforts有逻辑上的动宾关系,应该使用被动语态。5.(2016江苏卷22)More efforts,as reported,in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A.are made B.will be madeC.are being made D.have been made【解析】选B。考查动词的时态和语态。句意:据报道,未来几年将会作出更多的努力来加速供给侧结构改革。时间状语是in the years ahead在未来的几年里,故使用一般将来时;efforts与make之间是被动关系,故答案为B。6.(2016江苏卷29)Dashan,whocrosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.A.will be learning B.is learningC.had been learning D.has been learning【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:大山数十年来一直在学习中国喜剧传统节目相声,想把它和西方单口相声融会贯通。大山学习相声是从过去持续到现在,并且还会继续下去,故使用现在完成进行时。7.(2016天津卷3)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom Ifor years.A.didnt see B.havent seenC.hadnt seen D.wouldnt see【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:当我走在大街上的时候,我偶然遇见了戴维。我好多年没见他了。没见戴维发生在偶然遇见他之前,故发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。【易错误区】“现在完成时”还是“过去完成时”(1)误导原因:时间状语为for years,容易思维定势用现在完成时。(2)去伪存真:偶然遇见发生在过去,没见在偶然遇见之前,发生在过去的过去。过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去;现在完成时表示动作从过去发生持续到现在,对现在产生影响。8.(2016浙江卷9)Silkone of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A.had becomeB.was becomingC.has becomeD.is becoming【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:到大约公元前100年,丝绸成为沿丝绸之路运输的主要货物之一。根据句中的时间状语by about 100 BC可知“become”动作发生在“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。十一、 非谓语动词1.(2016北京卷26)it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.A.Made B.MakeC.Making D.To make【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:为更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好随身带着这张名片。动词不定式短语作目的状语。2.(2016北京卷28)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.A.Ordering B.To orderC.Having ordered D.Ordered【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:那些书是一周多前订购的,现在应该随时都会送来。主句的主语books与动词order是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应该使用过去分词形式表示被动,相当于原因状语从句Because they were ordered.。【易错误区】-ing形式还是-ed形式作状语误导原因:用-ing形式还是-ed形式作状语要看从句中的动词与主句的主语是主谓关系还是动宾关系。当与主语是主谓关系时用-ing形式,而与主语是动宾关系时用-ed形式。去伪存真:可以转换成状语从句,依据状语从句中的谓语动词的时态和语态来决定用-ing形式还是-ed形式。3.(2016北京卷32)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,the old town into a dreamland.A.turn B.turningC.to turn D.turned【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:街道两旁都是新建的木屋,使这个古旧小镇变成了梦幻之地。根据句意和结构可知,主句的内容与动词turn有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示产生的自然结果,故应该使用-ing形式作结果状语。【易错误区】用to do形式还是-ing形式作结果状语误导原因:不定式to do作结果状语表示主句形成的出乎意料的结果,不定式前常有only;而-ing形式表示主句形成的自然结果。去伪存真:-ing形式作结果状语常可转换为并列句。如本题可改为:Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,and it turns the old town into a dreamland.4.(2016江苏卷28)In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret messagewithin the work.A.to hide B.hiddenC.hiding D.being hidden【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:在艺术评论中,你必须认为艺术家在作品中藏了一个秘密信息。message与hide之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。5.(2016浙江卷10)To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look at a studyin Australia in 2012.A.having conducted B.to be conductedC.conducting D.conducted【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:回到水污染问题之前,我想让你们看一下2012年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。study与conduct之间为动宾关系,由in 2012可知此项研究已经完成,故用过去分词作后置定语。6.(2016浙江卷19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now dowith students.A.working B.workC.to work D.worked【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:我过去航海和现在与学生们打交道一样开心。句中do代替have fun,have fun(in)doing sth.做某事很开心。【易错误区】work还是working(1)误导原因:把do看成对谓语动词的强调,认为句中缺少谓语动词,选work。(2)去伪存真:此处do代替have fun,根据have fun(in)doing sth.可知用v.-ing形式。7.(2016天津卷4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,air conditioning unnecessary.A.making B.to makeC.made D.being made【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:凉爽的风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来,这样我们的空调没必要开了。doing表示顺其自然的结果。十二、 名词性从句1.(2016北京卷24)Your support is important to our work.you can do helps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意:你们的支持对我们的工作很重要,无论你们做什么都会有所帮助。根据句意和结构可知,whatever引导的是主语从句,主语从句中缺少谓语动词do的宾语,表示事物,故选择C项。2.(2016北京卷29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season isone can be entirely free from dust.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.why【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。句意:雨季最令人高兴的事情就是你完全可以远离灰尘。根据句子结构可知,本句包含一个表语从句,且表语从句中主系表结构完整,故使用连词that引导表语从句,that在表语从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用。3.(2016江苏卷21)It is often the caseanything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意:通常情况下,对于那些坚持希望的人来说,一切皆有可能。此句为主语从句,从句中不缺少任何成分也无实际意义,故使用that引导。4.(2016天津卷11)The manager put forward a suggestionwe should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.thatC.which D.what【解析】选B。考查同位语从句。句意:经理提出了一个建议,我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。后面是建议的具体内容,不缺成分,故选that。十三、 定语从句1.(2016北京卷22)I live next door to a couplechildren often make a lot of noise.A.whose B.whyC.where D.which【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妻隔壁,他们的孩子总是弄出很大的响声。根据句意和结构可知,本题是限制性定语从句,先行词couple在定语从句中作定语,故关系代词使用whose。2.(2016江苏卷23)Many young people,mostwere well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想,他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。先行词为Many young people,在从句中作of的宾语并且指人,故使用关系代词whom,答案为C。【易错误区】them还是whom(1)误导原因:“他们中的大多数”习惯用most of them。(2)去伪存真:定语从句只能用关系代词,不能用普通的代词。指代人作宾语用whom。3.(2016天津卷9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,the weather may be better.A.that B.whereC.whichD.when【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:我们将会把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周,那个时候天气可能会更好一些。先行词是next week,在从句中作时间状语,故选when。4.(2016浙江卷11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none ofhas been proved.A.whomB.whichC.what D.that【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出来许多理论,但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theories,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。whom的先行词必须是人;what不能引导定语从句;that不能引导非限制性定语从句。【易错误区】which还是that(1)误导原因:在定语从句中,当关系代词指事、物时,常用that或which引导定语从句。(2)去伪存真:引导非限制性定语从句,用which而不用that。十四、 连词和状语从句1.(2016北京卷27)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,hes in his nineties.A.as long asB.as ifC.even thoughD.in case【解析】选C。考查状语从句。句意:尽管我爷爷已经九十多岁了,他仍然不时地打打网球。根据句意可知,主句和状语从句之间是让步关系。2.(2016北京卷33)I really enjoy listening to musicit helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.A.because B.beforeC.unless D.until【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意:我真的喜欢听音乐,因为听音乐有助于放松,并且让我免受一天中其他的纷扰。根据逻辑关系可知,应为原因状语从句,故用because引导。3.(2016北京卷35)I am not afraid of tomorrow,I have seen yesterday and I love today.A.so B.andC.for D.but【解析】选C。考查连词。句意:我不害怕明天,因为我经历过了昨天并且热爱今天。由前后句子的关系可知,后句是前句的原因,故选择连词for。so表示结果;and表示并列;but表示转折。4.(2016江苏卷26)some people are motivated by a need for success,others are motivated by a fear of failure.A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While【解析】选D。考查状语从句。句意:尽管有些人是受到成功的激励,而另外一些人是因为害怕失败而前进。while引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”,符合句意。because因为;if如果;unless除非。5.(2016天津卷7)the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.A.Unless B.UntilC.As D.While【解析】选C。考查连词和状语从句。句意:随着人口的平均年龄的增长,越来越多的老年人需要照顾。as表示随着,符合语境。6.(2016浙江卷5)online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.A.Since B.AfterC.While D.Unless【解析】选C。考查状语从句。句意:尽管网购改变了我们的生活,但并不是它的所有影响都是正面的。while尽管,引导让步状语从句,符合语境;since自从,既然,引导时间或原因状语从句;after在之后,引导时间状语从句;unless除非,引导条件状语从句。十五、 省略无十六、 倒装 (2016江苏卷34)Not until recentlythe development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A.they had encouraged B.had they encouragedC.did they encourage D.they encouraged【解析】选C。考查倒装。句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的项目。not until放在句首时句子要使用部分倒装,根据句意使用一般过去时。十七、 强调及其他 (2016天津卷13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotelthe coach picks up tourists.A.who B.whichC.where D.that【解析】选D。考查强调句。句意:你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客。去掉it is后是一个完整的句子,因此是一个强调句,填that。【易错误区】(1)误导原因:把hotel看成先行词,认为后面是一个定语从句,用where来引导。(2)去伪存真:去掉it is和连接词,句子重新排序依然完整应该是一个强调句。十八、 情景交际1.(2016江苏卷32)Only those who have a lot in common