新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2Unit2A篇练习答案及课文翻译.pptx

Contents,Active Reading 1,Warming Up,Listen to a passage and answer questions. New words Okinawa （日本）冲绳 curator n. （博物馆、美术馆、图书馆等）管理者；馆长 morale n. 士气 sue for peace 求和；议和 preserve v. 保留 pacifist n. 和平爱好者 Nagasaki （日本）长崎 Hiroshima （日本）广岛,Warming Up,1. Why was the Invasion of Okinawa the bloodiest, and one of the largest battles of World War II? 2. What were the intentions of the Japanese general in this battle? 3. What was one of the reasons that US officials decided to drop atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima? 4. What do todays Okinawans (冲绳人) think of war?,Script,Warming Up,1. Why was the Invasion of Okinawa was the bloodiest, and one of the largest battles of World War II? More than 1,000 American ships and hundreds of thousands of troops were involved. The fighting lasted 82 days. Villages were destroyed and forests burned. Almost 200,000 people were killed. 2. What were the intentions of the Japanese general in this battle? He planned to hurt the morale and strength of the Americans. / His intention was to bleed the American forces so bad that the US sued for peace.,Warming Up,Script,3. What was one of the reasons that US officials decided to drop atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima? Japanese forces fought fiercely. Some fought to the death, refusing to surrender even when they knew they could not win. This was one reason US officials gave for their decision to drop atomic bombs on the city of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. 4. What do todays Okinawans (冲绳人) think of war? Many Okinawans are pacifists, and they gather often to speak against violence. They are unhappy about the presence of American troops on Okinawa. And they oppose efforts by conservatives in Japan to strengthen the countrys military.,Warming Up,Script On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered to allied forces led by the United States. The allies fought many costly battles against Japan. The bloodiest and most deadly was the Battle of Okinawa. US officials said the battle was one reason they decided to use atomic weapons on Japan. They said the human cost of fighting was too high. The invasion of Okinawa was the last, the bloodiest, and one of the largest battles of World War II. More than 1,000 American ships and hundreds of thousands of troops were involved. The fighting lasted 82 days. Villages were destroyed and forests burned. Almost 200,000 people were killed.,Warming Up,A small museum on a US Marine base in Okinawa shows pictures and historical objects from the battle. Mark Waycaster is the curator of the museums Battle of Okinawa area. He says Japanese General Mitsuru Ushijimas plan was to hurt the morale and strength of the Americans. His goal was not to win. “His intentions is to bleed the American forces so bad that the United States sues for peace.” Many American and Japanese troops were killed or injured in Okinawa. Japanese forces fought fiercely. Some fought to the death, refusing to surrender even when they knew they could not win. This was one reason US officials gave for their decision to drop atomic bombs on the city of Nagasaki and Hiroshima.,Warming Up,Today on Okinawa, many Japanese still remember the battle. The fighting caused the deaths of almost one-third of the civilians who lived on the island. Some Japanese military areas are preserved as memorials. Many people remember or learned about the deaths and damage resulting from the war. Many Okinawans are pacifists, and they gather often to speak against violence. They are unhappy about the presence of American troops on Okinawa. And they oppose efforts by conservatives in Japan to strengthen the countrys military.,Text,War,War 1 The passengers had had to stop at a small station in order to continue their journey by the small old-fashioned local train. 2 At dawn, a bulky woman in deep mourning was hoisted in almost like a shapeless bundle. Behind her, puffing and moaning, followed her husband a tiny man, thin and weakly, looking shy and uneasy. 3 Having at last taken a seat he politely thanked the passengers who had helped his wife and made room for her. The wife pulled up her collar again to her eyes, so as to hide her face.,Text,4 And he felt it his duty to explain to his traveling companions that the war was taking away from her her only son, a boy of 20 to whom both had devoted their entire life, even allowing him to volunteer for war and now, all of a sudden, receiving a wire saying that he was due to leave in three days time and asking them to go and see him off. 5 The woman under the big coat was feeling certain that all those explanations would not have aroused even a shadow of sympathy from those people who most likely were in the same plight as herself. One of them said:,Text,6 “What about me? I have two sons and three nephews at the front.” 7 “Maybe, but in our case it is our only son,” ventured the husband. 8 “What difference can it make? You may spoil your only son by excessive attentions, but you cannot love him more than you would all your other children if you had any. Parental love is not like bread that can be broken to pieces and split amongst the children in equal shares. If I am suffering now for my two sons, I am not suffering half for each of them but double .” 9 “True . true . ” sighed the embarrassed husband, “but suppose a father has two sons at the front and he loses one of them, there is still one left to console him . while . ”,Text,10 “Yes,” answered the other, “a son left to console him but also a son left for whom he must survive, while in the case of the father of an only son if the son dies the father can die too and put an end to his distress.” 11 “Nonsense,” interrupted another traveler, a fat, red-faced man with bloodshot eyes. 12 He was panting. From his bulging eyes seemed to spurt inner violence of an uncontrolled vitality which his weakened body could hardly contain. 13 “Do we give life to our own children for our own benefit?”,Text,14 The other travelers stared at him in distress. One of them said “You are right. Our children do not belong to us, they belong to the country .” 15 “Bosh,” retorted the fat traveler. “Do we think of the country when we give life to our children? Our sons are born because . well, because they must be born. Now, at our age, the love of our country is still great, of course, but stronger is the love of our children.” 16 There was a silence all round, everybody nodding to approve.,Text,17 “Why then,” continued the fat man, “shouldnt we consider the feelings of our children? Isnt it natural that at their age they should consider the love for their Country even greater than the love for us? Everyone should stop crying; everyone should laugh or at least thank God as I do because my son sent me a message saying that he was dying satisfied at having ended his life in the best way he could have wished. That is why I do not even wear mourning . ” 18 He shook his light fawn coat as to show it; his livid lip over his missing teeth was trembling, his eyes were watery and motionless, and soon after he ended with a shrill laugh which might well have been a sob.,Text,19 “Quite so . quite so .” agreed the others. 20 The woman had tried to find in the words of her husband and her friends something to console her in her deep sorrow, something that might show her how a mother should resign herself to send her son not even to death but to a probable danger of life. 21 Yet not a word had she found amongst the many that had been said and her grief had been greater in seeing that nobody could share her feelings.,Text,22 But now the words of the traveler amazed and almost stunned her. She suddenly realized that it wasnt the others who could not understand her but herself who could not rise up to the same height of those fathers and mothers willing to resign themselves, without crying, not only to the departure of their sons but even to their death. 23 She bent over from her corner trying to listen with great attention to the details which the fat man was giving to his companions about the way his son had fallen as a hero, for his King and his country, happy and without regrets. It seemed to her that she had stumbled into a world she had never dreamt of.,Text,24 Then suddenly, just as if she had heard nothing of what had been said and almost as if waking up from a dream, she turned to the old man, and inquired: 25 “Then . is your son really dead?” 26 Everyone stared at her. The old man, too, turned to look at her, fixing his great, bulging, horribly watery light gray eyes, deep in her face. For some time he tried to answer, but words failed him. He had suddenly realized at last that his son was really dead gone forever forever. His face contracted, became horribly distorted, then he snatched in haste a handkerchief from his pocket and, to the amazement of everyone, broke into harrowing, heart-breaking, uncontrollable sobs.,Text,Text,战 争 1 旅客们不得不在一个小站停留，准备换乘老式小火车继续他们的旅程。 2 天亮时，一个深陷哀恸的大块头女人被架了进来差不多像一捆没形的包袱卷。跟在她身后，喘着粗气呻吟着的，是她的丈夫一个小个子男人，又瘦又弱，表情羞怯不安。 3 终于落了座，他彬彬有礼地感谢帮助他妻子、给她腾地儿的乘客。 他妻子又扯起衣领，盖上眼睛，把脸遮住。,Text,4 他觉得有义务向旅伴们解释：战争就要夺走她的独生子，一个二十岁的小伙子，他们两口子把一辈子的心血都花在他身上，甚至允许他自愿参战；现在突然接到电报，说他三天之后就要开拔，要他们去为他送行。 5 裹在大衣下面的女人确信这些解释全然不会引起这些人哪怕一丁点儿的同情他们极有可能像她自己一样处在同样的痛苦当中。他们当中有人说：,Text,6 “我呢？我有两个儿子和三个侄子在前线呢。” 7 “也许，可我们的情况是，那是我们唯一的儿子，”那位丈夫壮起胆子说。 8 “那又有什么不同呢？你可能会因为过度关心把你的独生子惯坏，可是如果你有别的孩子，你也不可能爱他胜过爱其他孩子。父母之爱不像面包，可以掰开，平均分给孩子们。如果说现在我正在为我的两个儿子受煎熬的话，我不是在为他们每人受一半的苦，而是加倍受苦” 9 “是啊是啊”那位丈夫尴尬地叹息道，“可是如果一个父亲有两个儿子在前线，他失去其中的一个，还剩一个可以安慰他而”,Text,10 “对呀，”对方回答说，“剩下一个儿子安慰他， 他也要为这个儿子活下去，而独生子父亲的情况是，如果儿子死了，父亲也可以一死了却痛苦。” 11 “胡说，”另一位旅客插话说。这是个肥胖、红脸的男人，眼睛里布满血丝。 12 他气喘吁吁的。一股无法控制的活力在内心激烈震荡，似乎要从他那鼓凸的双眼里迸发出来，他衰弱的身体几乎控制不了他的情绪。 13 “我们赋予孩子生命难道就是为了自己得到好处吗？”,Text,14 其他旅客都悲伤地盯着他。其中一位说：“你是对的。我们的孩子不属于我们，他们属于国家” 15 “胡扯，”胖旅客反驳说。“我们给孩子生命的时候想到国家了吗？我们的儿子出生是因为呃，因为他们必须出生。现在，在我们这个岁数，当然，对国家的爱依然强烈，但对我们孩子的爱更强烈。” 16 周围一片沉默，人人都点头赞同。,Text,17 “那么，”胖男人继续说道，“我们为什么不应该考虑孩子们的感情呢？在他们这个年纪，他们理应认为对国家的爱大于对我们的爱，这不是很自然吗？人人都应当停止哭泣；人人都应当大笑或者至少感谢上帝像我一样因为我儿子寄给我一封信，说他就要死了，并为能以自己所希望的最佳方式结束生命而感到满足。这就是为什么我甚至都没有穿丧服” 18 他抖抖他那浅黄褐色大衣，好像是在展示它；他豁牙上铁青的嘴唇在颤抖；他的双眼湿润、目光呆滞；很快他尖声大笑了一下也可能是一声抽泣，算是说完了。,Text,19 “的确如此的确如此”其他人表示同意。 20 那个女人一直试图从她丈夫和朋友的话里找些什么来安慰深陷忧伤的自己， 以明白一个母亲应该怎样听天由命， 她并不是送儿子去死， 而是送他去一个极可能有生命危险的地方。 21 然而她在人们所说的许多话里并未找到一句安慰的话。 眼看没有人可以与她分忧，她就愈发痛苦了。,Text,22 可是现在，那旅客的话让她吃惊，几乎让她震惊。她忽然意识到，不是别人不理解她，而是她自己不能达到那些父母的高度；他们没有哭泣，而是听天由命，不仅接受儿子的离去，甚至还接受儿子的死。 23 她从角落里欠起身来，想仔细听清楚。那个胖男人正在给旅伴们讲述他儿子如何为国王和国家战死而成为英雄，幸福且没有遗憾。她觉得自己跌跌撞撞走进了一个从未梦见过的世界里。,Text,24 然后突然，就好像她根本没听见别人说的话，仿佛刚从睡梦中醒来，她转向那位老人，问道： 25 “那么你儿子真的死了吗？” 26 人人都盯着她看。那位老人也转过脸来看她，他那大大的、鼓凸的、湿润得可怕的浅灰色眼睛深深凝视着她的脸。有一阵子他试图回答， 却说不出话来。他终于忽然意识到他的儿子真的死了永远走了永远。他的脸抽搐起来，扭曲得吓人，然后令所有人都吃惊的是，他匆忙从衣袋里掏出手帕，爆发出令人心碎的、悲痛欲绝的、抑制不住的抽泣。,old-fashioned,bulky,mourning,hoist,shapeless,venture,excessive,parental,amongst,console,inner,uncontrolled,vitality,weaken,retort,bundle,puff,moan,uneasy,arouse,distress,bloodshot,pant,bulging,spurt,fawn,livid,watery,motionless,shrill,Words & Phrases,sob,probable,stun,contract,distort,snatch,haste,harrowing,uncontrollable,Words & Phrases,take away,rise up,see off,put an end to sth.,in haste,old-fashioned a. no longer modern or fashionable 过时的；老式的 e.g. 1. The house was dull, old-fashioned and in bad condition. 这幢房子死气沉沉、风格过时并且破败不堪。 2. There are some traditional farmers left who still make cheese the old-fashioned way. 还有一些传统的农民仍旧在用老式的方法制作奶酪。,Words & Phrases,bulky a. big, wide; and solid 粗壮的；肥胖的 e.g. 1. Furniture is so bulky, it takes so much room. 家具体积太大，占了太多空间。 2. The climber took some food from the bulky pack on his back. 登山者从背上硕大的包裹里拿出一些食物。 3. Her padded coat made her look very bulky. 穿着棉袄使她显得很臃肿。,Words & Phrases,mourning n. U great sadness because sb. has died （因某人去世的）哀痛，悲痛，哀悼 e.g. 1. The period of mourning and bereavement may be long. 哀悼和悲伤会持续很久。 2. Now I can remember without mourning, and begin to look ahead. 如今回首往事我已不再感到悲痛，并且开始展望将来。 3. He was in deep mourning for his dead wife. 他深切悼念亡妻。 Word family: mourn v.,Words & Phrases,hoist vt. to lift sb. or sth. to a higher place 提起；举起 e.g. 1. Hoist the flag to the top of the pole. 把旗升到旗杆顶端。 2. Grabbing the side of the bunk, he hoisted himself to a sitting position. 他抓住铺位的床沿，坐起身来。 3. Hoisting my suitcase on to my shoulder, I turned and headed toward my hotel. 我把手提箱扛到肩上，转身向入住的旅馆走去。,Words & Phrases,shapeless a. without a definite shape 无定形的；没形的 e.g. 1. Aunt Mary wore shapeless black dresses. 玛丽姨妈总是穿一些没款没形的黑色裙子。 2. The book is a shapeless mass of contradictory rough drafts. 那本书结构混乱，是一堆自相矛盾的草稿的汇编。 3. She was a small, shapeless woman in her fifties, who was under supervision by the police. 她是一个矮小、身材走样的五十多岁女人，被警方怀疑。 Word family: shape n.,Words & Phrases,bundle n. C a group of things that have been tied together, especially so that you can carry them easily （尤指为携带方便而扎成的）捆，束，包 e.g. 1. She took out a bundle of notes. 她拿出一捆钞票。 2. He gathered the bundles of clothing into his arms. 他把一包包的衣服夹在胳膊下面。 3. I have about 20 years magazines tied up in bundles. 我把大约20年的杂志扎成捆。,Words & Phrases,puff v. to breathe or blow out air noisily, especially because you have been running, climbing etc. （尤指跑步、攀登之后）气喘吁吁，喘息 e.g. 1. I know nothing about boxing, but I could see he was unfit, because he was puffing. 我对拳击一无所知，但我看出他状态不佳，因为他在急促喘息。 2. The old man managed to puff out a few words. 那老人好不容易喘息着说出几句话。 a puff of: 一阵（气味、烟雾等） e.g. Wind caught a sudden puff of dust and blew it inland. 风猛地刮起一阵灰尘，将它吹往内陆。,Words & Phrases,moan v. 1. if sb. moans, they make a long low sound because of pain, sadness, or pleasure 呻吟；呜咽 e.g. 1. The sick girl moaned a while, and then fell asleep. 那个生病的女孩呻吟了一会就睡着了。 2. The wounded man moaned ceaselessly. 那个伤员呻吟不止。 2. to complain about sth. in an annoying way 抱怨；发牢骚 e.g. Hes always moaning that he has too much work to do. 他总是抱怨他有太多的工作要做。,Words & Phrases,uneasy a. sb. who feels uneasy feels slightly nervous, worried, or upset about sth. （人）紧张的，担心的，忧虑的 e.g. 1. He said nothing but gave me a sly grin that made me feel terribly uneasy. 他什么也没说，只是朝我狡黠一笑，这让我感到极其不安。 2. He looked uneasy and refused to answer questions. 他看上去焦虑不安，拒绝回答问题。 3. I had an uneasy feeling that he was going to spoil it. 我有种不安的感觉，觉得他会把事情搞砸。 Antonym: easy,Words & Phrases,arouse vt. to cause an emotion or attitude 引起；激起；唤起 e.g. 1. It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists. (CET4-2006-06) 这引起越来越多的经济学家的兴趣。 2. We left in the daytime so as not to arouse suspicion. 我们在白天离开以避免引起怀疑。 3. This kind of movies could always arouse my imagination. 这类电影总是能激发我的想象力。,Words & Phrases,venture vt. 1. to be brave enough to say sth. 敢说；大胆表示 e.g. 1. He ventured that plants draw part of their nourishment from the air. 他大胆提出植物从空气中吸收部分养分的观点。 2. Stephen ventured a few more sentences in halting Jack. 斯蒂芬斗胆说了几句话以制止杰克。 2. to do sth. that is a risk 冒险 e.g. He enjoyed little success when he ventured into business. 他冒险涉足商界后几乎没有取得什么成功。,Words & Phrases,excessive a. much more than is reasonable or necessary 过度的；过分的 e.g. 1. The police vigorously denied that excessive force had been used. 警方坚决否认曾经滥用武力。 2. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents. (CET4-2000-06) 五分之一的致命车祸由超速这个重要原因所导致。 3. Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 过量服用这种药物会损害肝脏。 Word family: excessively ad.,Words & Phrases,parental a. involving or provided by parents 父亲的；母亲的；家长的 e.g. 1. Medical treatment was sometimes given to children without parental consent. 有时未征得家长同意就对孩子进行了药物治疗。 2. He encourages parental involvement in the running of school. 他鼓励学生家长参与学校的管理。 3. Parents are entitled to 13 weeks parental leave. 父母可以休13个星期的亲子假。 Word family: parent n.,Words & Phrases,amongst prep. (=among) used for saying that sb. or sth. is included in a particular group of people or things （用于提及一群人或物中的某人或某物）在之中，在之间 e.g. 1. He was sitting amongst a group of children, telling them a story. 他正坐在一群孩子中间讲故事。 2. There had been a strike amongst British Airways ground staff. 英国航空公司的机场地勤人员曾经举行过罢工。,Words & Phrases,console vt. to try to make sb. feel better when they are unhappy or disappointed 安慰 e.g. 1. They tried to console him for losing the prize by taking him to a theater. 他们领他去看剧，以作为对他失去奖品的安慰。 2. Nothing could console him when his wife died. 他妻子去世后，什么事情也不能使他感到宽慰。 Word family: consolation n. e.g. There is some consolation for fans because the team still stands a chance of winning the local championship. 使球迷感到有些安慰的是这个队仍然有机会赢得当地比赛冠军。,Words & Phrases,distress 1. n. U a feeling that you have when you are very unhappy, worried, or upset 苦恼；悲伤；忧虑 e.g. 1. Jealousy causes distress and painful emotions. 嫉妒会带来忧虑和痛苦。 2. Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress. 疼痛和悲伤让她说不出话。 2. vt. to make sb. feel very unhappy, worried, or upset 使痛苦，使忧伤 e.g. The news of his death distressed us greatly. 他逝世的消息使我们极为悲痛。,Words & Phrases,bloodshot a. bloodshot eyes are red in the part where they should be white （眼睛）充血的，布满血丝的 e.g. 1. The whites of his eyes were bloodshot from lack of sleep. 他的眼白因缺乏睡眠而充满血丝。 2. My eyes were bloodshot after reading until 3 a.m. last night. 我昨晚看书看到3点，眼睛都充血了。,Words & Phrases,pant vi. to breathe very loudly with your mouth open, for example when you have been running or exercising （跑步或锻炼后）大口喘气，喘粗气 e.g. 1. Any person waking from a nightmare will sit upright and pant hard. 任何人从恶梦中惊醒时会突然坐起来大口喘气。 2. A dog has to pant to keep cool. 狗必须通过大口喘气来保持凉快。 3. We began to pant before we reached the top of hill. 我们在到达山顶之前已经气喘吁吁了。,Words & Phrases,bulging a. sticking out 鼓起的；凸出的 e.g. 1. He is a tall man with bulging muscles. 他个子很高，肌肉发达。 2. Her pockets were bulging with presents. 她的口袋鼓鼓囊囊的，装满了礼物。 Word family: bulge v.,Words & Phrases,spurt v. if a liquid spurts from sth., it comes out in a sudden strong flow 喷出；迸出；涌出 e.g. 1. I saw flames spurt from the roof. 我看到火焰