《会计英语》课堂教学延伸 1.ppt

Accounting English Why do you take the course of Accounting English? What are the learning objectives of Accounting English? Is Accounting English difficult?,Study tools,An English Chinese Dictionary of Accounting，英汉双解财会词典，外语教学与研究出版社， 英 P.H. Collin, Adrian Joliffe 编，张炜等译，2002年9月第1版,Game,Introduce yourself in English Responding to an introduction,Examples,I love shopping! My mom says, I should become a legislator ，because I bring so many bills into the house. Im a Leo. Some good traits of Leo are: broad-minded, loving, faithful. Bad traits are: bossy, patronizing. Im a typical Leo. Im faithful but patronizing. Im a person of principle. I do not compromise. Because I dont smoke , I do not wear a T-shirt with a Marlboro logo, even if somebody gives one to me free.,Unit 1,Introduction to ACCOUNTING:,Learning Objectives,Explain the definition of accounting; Understand the basic function of accounting; Understand the types of accounting information; Ascertain the users of accounting information and know why they need the information; Have a general idea of the professional fields of accounting and their duties.,Definition of Accounting,Accounting is a system for recording information about business transactions to provide summary statements of a companys financial position and performance to users who require such information,Different expressions about “ 企业” in English Business Enterprise Firm Accounting 会计（学） Accountant 会计师 Bean Counter 数豆子的人,Accounting: Information for Decision Making,The primary objective of accounting is to provide information that is useful for making decisions.,Types of accounting,Financial Accounting Management Accounting Tax Accounting,Financial Accounting,Financial accounting information describes the financial position (财务状况), result of operation (经营成果), and cash flow (现金流) of an economic entity. Question: Who use the financial accounting information? Income tax returns 纳税申报,Management Accounting,Question: Whats the purpose of management accounting? Bank account 银行账户 Owe to 欠债,Tax Accounting,Prepare 编制 Confirm to/with 与相一致 Question: What functions does tax accounting encompass?,Users of Accounting Information,External users,Internal users,Users of Accounting Information,Internal users of accounting information,Question: How to define internal users of accounting information? Who are internal users of accounting information?,Internal users of accounting information,Mature = be due v.到期 Maturity n.到期 Meet = pay off 偿还 Inventory 存货 Expense 费用 Revenue 收入 Earnings = profits 利润,Internal users of accounting information,Question: Which decisions are to be made by internal users ?,External users of accounting information,Question: How to define external users of accounting information? Who are external users of accounting information? And who are the two primary external users of accounting information? Which decisions are to be made by external users ?,Objective of External Financial Reporting,Question: What is the objective of external financial reporting? Wholesale houses = wholesalers 批发商 Debt-paying ability 偿债能力 Return on investment 投资回报 Return of investment 投资回收,Profession Fields of Accounting,private accounting,public accounting,accounting for governments and nonprofit organizations,Public Accounting,CPA (Certificated Public Accountants) CPA firm 普华永道(Price Waterhouse Coopers，PwC) 安永(Ernst&Young，E&Y) 毕马威(KPMG) 德勤(Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu，DTT) 安达信(Arthur Andersen)(已倒闭) ACCA (Association of Chartered Certificated Accountants) AICPA (American Institute of CPA) CICPA (Chinese Institute of CPA),Auditing 审计，审计学 Internal/external auditing Auditor,Private Accounting,Controller 总会计师，会计主管 Treasurer 财务主管 CFO Question: What are the responsibilities of accountants at the private business?,Accounting for Governments and Nonprofit Organizations,Four Types of Enterprise,Service organization provides services (does something for you) rather than selling something Merchandising business buys goods, maybe add value to them, then sells them to customers Manufacturer makes the products it sells Financial services company doesnt make tangible products and doesnt sell products made by other companies; deals in services related to money,There are three types of business organizations,Proprietorship(所有权） or Sole Proprietorship （独资经营） Partnership （合伙企业） Corporation,A sole proprietorship is an unincorporated business owned by one individual.,Joes,Advantages Easy formation Low cost of organizing total undivided authority,Disadvantages limitation on size: fund raising power Unlimited liability life of entity: limited by owners choice or death,Joes,A sole proprietorship,A sole proprietorship pays no separate business income taxes. The owner merely adds any profits or subtracts any losses from the business when determining personal taxable income. It is widely used in small retail stores, farms, service business, and professional practices in law, medicine, and accounting.,A partnership is an unincorporated （为组成社团的）business owned by two or more individuals voluntarily acting as partners (co-owners).,Joe and Martys,Advantages Raise more fund than a sole proprietorship. Additional management skills.,Disadvantages Unlimited liability. life of entity: limited by owners choice or death,Joe and Martys,A partnership,A partnership has two types: a general partnership and a limited partnership. In a general partnership , all partners have unlimited liability for the debts of the firm. These partners are called general partners. Limited partner has liability confined to that amount of his invest. In a limited partnership , there is at least one general partner.,A corporation is organized under the law as a legal entity separate from its owners.,Advantages separate legal existence limited liability of stockholders or shareholders transferability of ownership relatively easy,Disadvantages Double taxation. Extensive governmental regulation,J & M, Inc.,Characteristics of Enterprise,Case for Discussion,Marks and Spencer In 1882, a Russian refugee named Michael Marks came to the North East of England. Needing work, he put a tray round his neck and started selling haberdashery in the villages around Leeds. Two years later he borrowed 5 from his friend Isaac Dewhirst to buy stock, and was able to open a stall in Leeds market.,Case for Discussion,Marks and Spencer Within ten years Markss success as a trader had enabled him to establish a chain of stalls in markets throughout North East England. In 1894, Marks realized that his business was getting too large for him to manage effectively on his own. He decided to form a partnership with Tom Spencer and Marks& Spencer was born.,The business continued to thrive and grow, so in 1903 Marks and Spencer registered their partnership as a private limited company. This allowed more people to become involved with managing the growing company and increase its finances by buying shares in the company. One shareholder was Israel Sieff, who became chairman of the company in 1917. Sieff can be credited with shaping the future of Marks & Spencer. By 1926, Marks & Spencer had opened 125 stores. In order to continue its successful development the company finally regi