摘要abstract.ppt

How to Write Abstract,What is abstract?,abstract,Types of Abstracts,Informative abstract(资料性),Descriptive/indicative abstract（描述性）,Informative-indicative abstract,摘要的构成 - STRUCTURE of abstract,Objective 动词不定式开头 To investigate /To study /To explore To examine /To determine To achieve targets in these areas most effectively the design and management of a mining operation should be analysed as an integrated extraction process（综合提取工艺）. 使用第一人称时，用凡指的we, the author, the authors ,不用I。 如：In this paper we conclude Methods 用完整的句子，以被动句和过去时态为主。 In this study, phosphate(磷酸盐) ore containing francolite（细晶磷灰石) as a main phosphate mineral was used and the concentration by single-stage flotation(单级浮选) with a fatty acid derivative（衍生物） collector was studied.,Results 用一般过去时陈述实验结果。 Feed particle size of 100 m was found to be the most effective one. The best results were obtained with about 0.15 percent Fe2O3 on rod mill and scrubber（洗涤器） product which was not desirable. Conclusions 集中表达作者的学术观点。 CSP（solar thermal power太阳能） power may be the economic choice for many existing and prospective mineral processing facilities. This product can be used to produce float glass. EI 数据库建议： 用过去时态叙述作者工作； 用现在时态叙述作者结论。,细节注释,(1) 力求简捷 at a temperature of 250 to 300 at 250 to 300 at a high pressure of 2 kPa at 2 kPa has been found to increase increased from the experimental results, it can be concluded that the results show (2) 能用名词作定语的不用动名词作定语，能用形容词作定语的不用名词作定语 measuring accuracy measurement accuracy experiment results experimental results,(3) 可直接用名词或名词短语作定语的情况下，要少 用of句型 accuracy of measurement measurement accuracy structure of crystal crystal structure（晶体结构） (4) 可用动词的情况尽量避免用动词的名词形式 Measurement of thickness of plastic sheet was made Thickness of plastic sheet was measured (5) 一个名词不宜用多个前置形容词来修饰，可改用 复合词，兼用后置定语 thermal oxidation apparent （表观）activation（活化） energy apparent active energy of thermo-oxidation,常用句型,1 To state the purpose of the present study. This paper advances the view that The purpose/intention of this paper is The work/investigation presented in this paper focuses on This research is designed to determine/measure/evaluate The author intends/attempts o outline the framework(框架) of/obtain some knowledge of The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the features of The authors are now initiating（开始） some experimental investigation to establish The problem we have outlined deals largely with the study of The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of,2 To describle research method and procedures,The experiments consisted of four steps, which are described in The method used in our study is known as Based on the idea that, we conducted the present study, categorized, and evaluated The experiment/study consisted of the following steps: The experiment/investigation in the paper is conducted by adopting The fundamental feature of this theory is as follows,3 To present results, findings and conclusion,The investigation/experiment varied by and the results also revealed（透露） that The results are as follows: The analysis of the samples indicates that The data obtained seem to be very similar to those reported earlier by It is concluded that; the results also