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1,Understanding the Theory and Design of Organizations,Chapter One: Organizations and Organization Theory,2,Resume,姓名 學歷 經歷,3,Outline,Organization Theory in Action What is an Organization? Perspectives on Organizations Dimensions of Organization Design The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design Framework for the book,4,Organization Theory in Action,Topic Be illustrated in the Xerox case Current Challenges Globalization Ethics and Social Responsibility Speed of Responsiveness The Digital Workplace Diversity Purpose of This Chapter,5,What is an Organization?,Definition Organizations are social entities that are goal directed, with deliberately structured activity systems, and with a link to the external environment Types of Organizations Large & Small Manufacturing & Service Profit & Non-Profit,6,What is an Organization?,Importance of Organizations Create value for owners, customers and employees Bring together resources to achieve desired goals Use modern manufacturing and innovative technologies to produce goods and services efficiently Adapt to and influence a changing environment and globalization Accommodate the challenges of diversity, ethics, and the motivation and coordination of employees,7,Perspectives on Organizations,Open Systems Open system VS Close system Organizational Configuration Technical Core Technical Support Administrative Support Top Management Middle Management,8,An Open System and Its Subsystems,9,Perspectives on Organizations,Open Systems Open system VS Close system Organizational Configuration Technical Core Technical Support Administrative Support Top Management Middle Management,10,Five Basic Parts of an Organization,Top Management,Technical Support,Technical Core,Administrative Support,Middle Management,Source: Based on Henry Mintzberg, The Structuring of Organizations (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1979) 215-297; and Henry Mintzberg, “Organization Design: Fashion or Fit?” Harvard Business Review 59 (Jan. Feb. 1981): 103-116.,11,Dimensions of Organization Design,Structural Dimensions Formalization Specialization Hierarchy of Authority Centralization Professionalism Personnel Ratios Contextual Dimensions Size Organizational technology Environment Goals and Strategy Culture,12,13,Organization Chart Illustrating the Hierarchy of Authority for a Community Job Training Program,14,Characteristics of Three Organizations,TECHNOLOGY Manufacturing Retailing Government Service SIZE (#employees) 6,000 250,000 35,15,Dimensions of Organization Design,Performance and Effectiveness Outcomes Learn to be efficient and effective Must consider its stakeholder,16,Major Stakeholder Groups and What They Expect,17,The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design,Historical Perspectives Efficiency is everything How to get organized What about people Dont forget the environment,18,The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design,Contemporary Organization Design The environment for todays companies is anything but stable. Many organizations are shifting to flexible, decentralized structures that emphasize horizontal collaboration and widespread information sharing.,19,The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design,Effective Performance versus the Learning Organization From Vertical to Horizontal Structure From Routine Tasks to Empowered Roles From Formal Control Systems to Shared Information From Competitive to Collaborative Strategy From Rigid to Adaptive Culture,20,Two Organization Design Approaches,21,Framework for the book,Levels of Analysis Organizational theory emphasizes the whole organization as a unit. Organization behavior focusing on individuals within organizations. Meso theory concerns the integration of both micro and macro levels
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