秋5章我国猪育种探讨中英.ppt

上午好 !,各位同学：,第五章 我国猪育种策略探讨,Chapter 5 Study on the strategy of pig breeding in China,猪育种策略 Strategy of pig breeding,猪存栏数 4.65亿头 year end amount 465 ( million head) 出栏数 5.76亿头 year selling amount 576 (million head) 出栏率 124% rate of year selling 124% 猪肉总产量 4436万吨 total amount of pork 44.36 (million ton) 人均猪肉产量 34kg amount of pork per capita 34kg,1.国内养猪总体水平 the general situation of pig production in China,2.国外发达国家养猪水平 the situation of pig production in developed countries,表1 主要养猪国家的养猪效率比较 fig. 1 comparison of the efficiency of pig production among major countries 国家 出栏率（%） 存栏猪平均产肉量（公斤） country rate of year selling average amount of pork from year end pigs (kg) 韩国 Korea 159 120 日本 Japan 171 129 荷兰 Holland 140 122 英国 U.K. 174 127 加拿大 Canada 160 135 美国 U.S.A. 157 137 澳大利亚 Australia 141 138 丹麦 Denmark 181 142 德国 Germany 168 146 法国 France 181 158 中国 China 124 95 ,3.我国猪育种的策略探讨 Study on the strategy of pig breeding in China,Question 1： 说起“现代育种技术”往往会使人想起克隆、分子标记等生物技术，现在究竟有哪些已达到实际应用的程度？ To deal with “modern breeding technology”, usually reminds us of the biotechnology such as cloning, molecular markers etc Now, how many biotechniques have been used in practice?,Analysis and discussion 1： (1)现代育种的概念： 从遗传上改良畜种并使其达到最大经济效益。 The concept of modern breeding is that to improve livestock in genetics and get the greatest economic benefit. (2)现代育种技术的概念： 是遗传学、生物技术、计算机技术、信息技术和育种学家创新思想的集合。 The concept of modern breeding technology is that combine genetics, biotechnology, computer technology, information technology and the new ideas of breeders as one.,Question 2： 听说外国猪育种公司育成了白色太湖猪，这是怎样育成的，是不是用了什么基因工程？ It was told that White Taihu had been bred by pig breeding company abroad, how could it be done? Had gene engineering been used?,Analysis and discussion 2： 以目前的水平，不需要、也不可能是用基因工程育成的。 It is not necessary and not possible to breed White Taihu by gene engineering nowadays. 从理论上分析“白太湖猪”的 育种过程，以梅山猪（ ww ）和长白猪（WW）为例： Analyze the breeding procedure of “White Taihu ” theoretically by the example of Meishan (ww) and Landrace (WW).,Analysis and discussion 2： 杂交cross (梅山Meishan) ww WW(长白猪Landrace) 回交backcross ww Ww (50%Meishan) 回交backcross ww Ww (75%Meishan) 横交cross within group Ww (87.5%Meishan) Ww 测交test cross ww (WW . Ww) ww 纯繁pure breeding WW WW (87.5%梅山) Meishan WW (White Meishan),Question 3： “白太湖猪”有什么应用价值？ What is the practical value of “White Taihu ” ? Analysis and discussion 3： 1.父母代母系（1/4白太湖猪）有更高的产仔数； Female parents (1/4 White Taihu) have more piglets per letter; 2.商品猪（1/8白太湖猪）有较好的肉质。 Commercial pigs have better meat quality.,GGP “白太湖猪” 长白猪 White Taihu Landrace GP 大约克 1/2“白太湖猪” Large White 1/2 White Taihu PS 杜洛克 1/4“白太湖猪” Duroc 1/4 White Taihu CS 商品猪(1/8“白太湖猪” ) commercial pig (1/8 White Taihu ),Question 4： 根据前面的分析，外国育种公司是否有可能用“白太湖猪”和长白猪或大约克等白色瘦肉型猪级进杂交2代(1/4白太湖猪)，育成长白猪或大约克猪的高产仔系呢？ According to the analysis above, can the breeding company abroad breed the large litter size line of Landrace or Large White by grading with “White Taihu ” (1/4 White Taihu) ?,Analysis and discussion 4： 很可能有的外国育种公司已经这样做了。这从下面两点可以看出: (1) 体形外貌的分离，特别是头型、耳型。 (2) 近年来产仔数的明显提高 。 Its quite possible that some breeding companies abroad have done that already. There are reasons as follows : (1) Segregation of bodytype, especially head and ears; (2) Raising litter size rapidly in recent years.,Question 5： 如果真是这样，外国公司把高代杂种猪当纯种猪卖给我们，算不算是一种欺骗行为？ If it was true, then the breeding company sale us hybrid pigs replacing pure-bred pigs, was it a kind of cheating?,Analysis and discussion 5： 遗传学：科学 genetics: science 育种学：科学 + 艺术 breeding : science + art （1）把事实说清楚是创新 Telling the truth is a creating. （2）隐瞒事实是欺骗 Hiding the facts is a cheating.,Question 6： 近年来我国不断地从外国公司进口外种猪纯种和配套系。“拿来主义”已成事实，我国还有没有必要自己进行育种工作？ China has imported pure-bred pigs and lines from foreign breeding companies frequently in recent years. It has become the fact: “buying instead of breeding ”. Is it necessary to breed pigs by ourselves?,Analysis and discussion 6： （1）世界一流的种猪是买不到的； （2）我国已掌握了现代猪育种技术； （3）我国丰富的猪种资源是养猪业可持续发展的种质基础。 （1） It is impossible to buy the first-class pig breeds from other countries; （2） Chinese breeders have mastered the modern breeding technology; （3） The rich genetic resources of pigs in China is the genetic basis for the sustainable development of pig production.,Question 7： 我国几乎年年从国外进口种猪，一些大猪场自己也做育种工作，但始终摆脱不了引种退化再引种再退化的被动局面，你对这个问题的看法怎样？ China has imported pig breeds from abroad almost in every year, some large pig farms in China also bred by themselves, but we always are in the situation: importation deterioration importation again deterioration again. What do you think about it?,Analysis and discussion 7： （1）存在问题 我国地方猪种存在适应当前市场需要的明显缺点； 外国代理商的不正确宣传； 养猪企业家认为“育种不如引种”快； 有关部门对育种的投入缺乏信心； (1) Problems existed: There are obvious weaknesses in Chinese native pig breeds for adapting to the needs of market; Incorrect propaganda from foreign agents; The entrepreneurs thought that breeding was not so fast as buying; The administrative departments concerned are short of confidence to invest in breeding.,Analysis and discussion 7： （2）解决办法 开展猪联合育种 成立猪育种公司 （2） Methods to solve those problems to develop the pig union breeding; to establish the pig breeding company.,Question 8： 如果我国有了自己的猪育种公司，是不是就可以不需要再进口猪种了？ If we have our own pig breeding company, do we need to import pigs again?,Analysis and discussion 8： 还会有进口，但要注意： （1）根据市场需要引种； （2）不要大量、重复引种； （3） 改变买活猪为买精液和胚胎。 Yes, we do. But we should consider about: （1）to meet the needs of market; （2）Do not import larger number of pigs in one time, and do not import some breed repeatedly. （3）It is better to import semen and embryo rather than live pigs.,Question 9： 你对我国地方猪种的出路有什么看法？ What is your opinion about the way out for Chinese native pig breeds?,Analysis and discussion 9： （1）地方猪种资源的保存 conservation of native pig resources 活畜 live pigs 精液和胚胎 semen and embryo （2）地方猪种的利用 utilization of native pigs breeds 改进商品猪肉质 to improve the meat quality of commercial pigs 提高父母代母猪繁殖力 to increase the reproductive ability of parents female line 对某些特殊性状如产仔数、肉质、抗病等性状进行科学研究 to do scientific research on some special traits such as the litter size, meat quality, disease resistance etc.,Question 10： 猪场办得越大越好吗？ Is pig farms the larger the better?,Analysis and discussion 10：,一年要多少吨饲料？ How much feed needed each year? 要养多少头繁殖母猪？ How many reproductive pigs needed in a farm?,出栏头数0.3 Number of finishing pigs 0.3 出栏头数20 Number of finishing pigs 20,Analysis and discussion 10：,1个万头猪场，一年需要3000吨饲料；500头繁殖母猪。 For a 10000 finishing pigs farm, 3000 tons feed and 500 reproductive pigs needed each year. 1个100万头猪场，一年需要30万吨饲料； 5万头繁殖母猪。 For a 1 million finishing pigs farm, 300 thousand tons feed and 50 thousand reproductive pigs needed each year.,4.种猪从哪里来？ Where does the seed stock come from?,4.1 购入 buying 4.1.1 从国内买进 to buy pigs in China 从国内种猪场购买注意事项 notice: 该场种猪来源 seed stock situation 传染病情况 disease control 技术力量 breeding technology,种猪生产性能 production performance 售后服务承诺 service pr