教学重点及难点解析.doc

Unit 8 Ill help to clean up the city parks.本周教学内容：一.话题(Topic) Offer help二.重点词组(Key Phrases)1.cheer up 使振奋、高兴 2.clean up 打扫干净3.set up 摆放，建立 4.come up with 提出(问题)5.hand out 分发，发放 6.put up 建立，发布7.write down 写下，记下 8.try to do sth 尽力做某事9.help out 帮助（某人）摆脱困境 10.run out of 耗尽，用光11.take after 与相像 12.fix up 修理13.give away 赠送，分发 14.work out 制定出，算出15.give out 发放，消耗尽 16.ask for 要求、索要17.not only.but also 不但而且 18.not. any more 不再19.be similar to 与相似 20.Clean-up Day 清节日三.交际用语1. Id like to work outside.2. Ill help clean up the city parks.3. You could volunteer in an after-school study program.4. I would like to fix up the desks.5. If you see these things, or problems, what will you do?6. What kind of volunteer work would you like to do?四 重点难点释义(Language Points) 1. Id like to work outside. 我想到外面去工作。 would like 是个固定词组，意为“想要”、“愿意”。其具体用法如下： （1）would like后接动词不定式作宾语。 He would like to play football with us this Sunday. 这周日他想要和我们一起打篮球。（2）would like 后接名词作宾语。 Id like a glass of milk, Mum. 妈妈，我想要一杯牛奶。（3）would like 后可接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词、不定式或过去分词作宾补。 I would like you to come over to my family. 我想让你来我家。 They would like the girl happy. 他们想要这个女孩幸福。 I would like your homework finished by 9:00, please. 我希望你的作业在九点钟前完成。Would you like ? 是would like的一般疑问句结构，是询问“需要”的常见句型之一。在此句型中表示“一些”时，多用some 代替any，对该句的肯定答语用Yes, please.,否定答语用No, thanks.。如果like后接动词不定式，则肯定答语常用Yes, Id like/ love to.。 A: Would you like some apples? 你想吃苹果吗？ B: Yes, please. 是的。A: Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的吗？ B: No, thanks. 不了，谢谢！ A: Would you like to go to the park with us? 你愿意和我们一起去公园吗？ B: Yes, Id love to. 是的，我很愿意去。2.You could help clean up the city park. 你可以帮助清理城市公园。 （1）could 是情态动词can 的过去式形式，表示过去的能力。它没有人称和数的变化，后面接原形动词。变否定句在could后加not, 变一般疑问句把could提前。 The boy could ride a bike when he was seven. 这个男孩七岁时就会骑自行车。 Could you speak Japanese the year before last year? 前年你会讲日语吗？ 在某些情况下，could 并不表示过去，只是表示委婉、客气的语气。其肯定答语用：Sure./Certainly./All right.等。否定答语用：Sorry./Sorry, I cant.等。 A: Could you tell me if he is a student? 你能告诉我他是不是学生吗？ B: Sure. 当然可以。 （2）clean up是省去to的动词不定式，意为“（把）打扫干净”、“梳理整齐”。 We must clean up the playground every morning. 他每天必须把操场打扫得干干净净。 如果在clean 和up间加个连字符号，那么，它就是名词了，表示“扫除”。 You must give your classroom a good clean-up. 你必须对教室进行彻底地打扫。 3. We need to come up with a plan. 我们必须想出一个计划。 need 是一个常见的动词，表示“需要”之意。它既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。其具体用法如下： （1）need用作实义动词，有“必要”、“必需”之意，有人称、数和时态的变化，可以接名词、代词、动名词或带to 的动词不定式作宾语，构成疑问句和否定句时要借助于助动词。 The man needs an English dictionary when he works. 这个人在工作时需要一本英语词典。 Do you need to see him yourself? 你必需亲自见他吗？ （2）need用作情态动词，意为“必须”、“必要”，没有人称、数等变化，后接不带to 的动词不定式。 通常用于疑问句和否定句中，构成疑问句和否定句时，不需要使用助动词。 Need you go to the park with your classmate? 你必需和你的同学去公园吗？ He neednt spend much money for this new watch. 他不必花掉这么多钱买这块新手表。 由need引出的疑问句，答语表肯定时用must或have to；表示否定时用neednt或dont have to。A: Need I come to work tomorrow? 明天我需要来上班吗? B: Yes, you must / have to. 是的，你必须来。 A: Need I finish the work at once? 我需要马上完成这项工作吗？B: No, you neednt / dont have to 不，不必今天完成。4I take after my other. 我长得像我的妈妈。 take after意为“（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像”，后面多接指人的词为宾语，一般不用于被动语态。 The twins take after their mother. 这对双胞胎和她们的父母很像。 与take after意思相近的词组还有look like (看去像)、be like (像一样)等。 Who does the boy look like? 这个男孩看上去像谁？ His brother is like his father, isnt he? 他的哥哥像他爸爸，对吗？ 5Last week everyone was trying to cheer up Jimmy the Bike Boy. 上周所有人都尽量让单车男孩吉米高兴起来。 词组try to do sth. 意思是“尽力去做谋事”，但不强调所做的事是否成功。 Try to finish your work on time, please! 请尽量准时完成你的工作！ 类似表示“尽力做某事”的词组还有下列两种： try doing sth. 表示“试着去做某事”。 Yesterday the old man tried opening the door. 昨天这位老人试着把门打开了。 manage to do sth. 表示“设法完成某种困难的事”，着重指经过一番努力才能达到的目的。 The woman managed to find her lost son last week. 这位妇女终于找到了上周走失的儿子。 6.and called up all his friends and told them about the problem. .给他所有的朋友打电话告诉他们他的问题。 call up 表示“给打电话”，后面接指人的单词。 Did the boy call up you just for a chat. 这个男孩给你打电话只是为了聊天吗？。 此外，表示“给打电话”的常见说法还有下列几种： give a call They were giving their teacher a call when I got there. 我到那儿时，他们正在给他们的老师打电话。 ring up Did you ring up your father last week? 上周你给你的父亲打电话了吗？ give a ring Do you know who gave Zhang Hua a ring an hour ago? 你知道一小时前谁给张华打电话了吗？ telephone / phoneup Telephone up me as soon as you arrive in Shanghai . 你一到上海就给我打电话。telephone /phone (to)Will you please telephone to the policeman? 请你给警察打个电话好吗？ call up、ring up和telephone / phoneup等是由“动词+副词”构成的词组，如果它们的宾语是代词，这个词要用在副词之前。 Please call him up at once, please! 请马上给他打电话。 Wang Ping isnt here. I want to phone her up now.王萍没来， 我现在正要给他打电话。7.Id like to thank you for sending money to “Animal Helpers”, an organization set up to help disabled people. “Animal Helpers”动物助手,一个帮助残疾人而建立的组织.Thank sb for为而感谢某人. e.g. Thank you for your flowers to me.Set up引导的是一个省去关系代词that的定语从句.e.g. Thomas has a lab set up himself.8. Being blind, deaf, unable to walk ,or use your hands easily is something that most people cannot imagine.此句中 “Being”是动名词做主语.谓语动词用单数.“.that most people cannot imagine”是定语从句,修饰something.9or carrying things have always been difficult for me.此句中的(that) have always been difficult for me 是一个定语从句,修饰前面的things.10.Then one day last year, a friend of mine said that she would like to help me out.Help out 意为 “使某人脱离困境”可分开使用.e.g. Nobody helped me out when I lost my job.11.You see, Im only able to have a “dog-helper” because of your kind donation!此句中的be able to 意为 “能够做的事”,可用can替换,主语为物时一般都使用can, can没有将来时和完成时,也不能用于其他助动词后面,所以常用be able to do 来替换.Because of 是介词短语,表原因,后面接名词或代词宾语.because 是连词,词后常接从句. 五.语法知识短语动词 (verb phrases)1. 现代英语中，动词之后加介词或副词构成短语，表达一种特定的含义，称为短语动词。短语动词如果被拆开，则不能表达这种特定的含义。同学们在学习过程中，要把这些习惯用法看作一个整体。如：look 看look for 寻找、寻求look after 照顾、照看 look out 小心、注意 在这个例子中，我们清楚的看到，look 的后面加上不同的介词或副词，意义截然不同。因此，对于短语动词，我们要善于积累、巩固。2. 短语动词也有及物的和不及物的分别，及物的短语动词必须接宾语，不及物的短语动词则不需要接宾语。如：look for 是及物短语动词：I am looking for my passport. 我在找我的护照。(my passport是look for 的宾语) look out是不及物短语动词：Look out! The ice isnt safe! 当心！这冰危险！（lo