初中英语语法练习与解析.docx

阅读 598 评论 4 I. 形容词： 1. 形容词的位置： 1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置： 修饰 some, any, every, no 和 body, thing, one 等构成 的复合不定代词时 以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或 only 修 饰的名词之后 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep 等可以后置 和空间、时间、单位连用时 成对的形容词可以后置 形容词短语一般后置 字号：大中小 订阅 nobody absent, everything possible the best book available, the only solution possible the only person awake a bridge 50 meters long a huge room simple and beautiful a man difficult to get on with 2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：县官行令杀国材（限观形龄色国材） 代词 冠词 指示代 冠词 词前的 形容词 词 不定代 数词 大小 序 数词 基 性质 长短 状态 形状 度 代词所 有格 词 the all b oth su ch a this anothe r your 3) 复合形容词的构成： 形容词+名词 kind-hearted 名词+形容词 world-famous ext bea s econd n ur poor e goo fo d re on utiful large short ew squa ool c llow n ack ye don bl nese Lon one Chi lk st si 旧 温色 地 新 颜 籍 产 地 国 料 质 材 数词 性状形容词 +ed 形容词+形容词 形容词+现在分 词 副词+现在分词 副词+过去分词 hard-working newly-built 0 II. 副词 副词的分类： 时间 副词 地点 副词 方式 副词 程度 副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently here, nearby, outside, upwards, above hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 副词 III. 形容词和副词比较等级： 形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副 词后加-er 和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加 more 和 most。 1. 同级比较时常常用 asas以及 not so(as)as如：I am not so good a player as you are. 2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。 3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make. 4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day. 5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型： Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours. 6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。 副词 关系 when, where, why 副词 连接 副词 疑问 how, where, when, why 频度 always, often, frequently, seldom, never 数词+名词+ed 数词+名词 three-egged twenty-year dark-blue ordinary-looking 名词+现在分词 名词+过去分词 peace-loving snow-covered how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 形容词与副词解析 陷阱题分析 1. We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _. A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad 【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为两个 smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。 【分析】正确答案为 D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意 为“嗅觉差”；第二个 smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全 句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。 2. “Our team is _ to win the match.” “Really? But I dont think so.” A. Easy B. difficult C. Possible D. sure 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，因为假若单纯从中文意思来看，四个答案均说得通。 【分析】正确答案为 D，A、B、C 三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通，但不合英语习惯。因为 按英语习惯，easy 和 difficult 后接不定式时，其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it，而不能是具体的人或物， 除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。 3. Mary is very clever and _ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _ asleep in class. A. very, very B. much, very C. well, very D. well, fast 【陷阱】容易误选 A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。 【分析】但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的 very 来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”，在英 语中就不能说成 I very like English，而应说成 I like English very much，因为副词 very 在英语中习惯上 不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选 A，是因为形容词 worth 和 asleep 习惯上不能用副词 very 来修饰， 而是分别用 well 和 fast 修饰，即说成 be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事)，be fast (或 sound) asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选 D。 4. “Could I take your order now?” “Yes. One _ tea and two _ coffees.” A. black, white B. red, white C. black, green D. red, black 【陷阱】容易误选 B 或 D。 【分析】按汉语习惯，在“茶”前要加表颜色的形容词通常应是“红”和“绿”，即说“红茶”和“绿茶”。但是 在英语中，人们虽然可直接用 green tea 来表示“绿茶”，但却不能直接用 red tea 来表示“红茶”，汉语中的 “红茶”说成英语应是 black tea，所以第一空应填 black，即选 A 或 C。对于第二空，coffee 前通常使用的 表颜色的形容词是 white 和 black，其中 white coffee 指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色)，black coffee 指“没 有加牛奶的咖啡”（即纯咖啡或清咖啡），由此可知上题的最佳答案应是 A。 5. A _ road goes _ from one place to another. A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight 【陷阱】容易误选 C。认为 straightly 是 straight 的副词形式。 【分析】在现代英语中，straight 既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。而 straightly 这个副词在现代英 语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选 A。 6. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice. A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best 【分析】最佳答案为 A，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好的声音”。 7. You are _ careful than your brother. You two cant do the work that needs care and skill. A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no less 【分析】此题最佳答案为 B。要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义： not more than = 不如 no more than = 和一样不 (否定两者) not less than = 不如不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面) no less than = 和一样 (肯定两者) 比较以下各句的意思： You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。 You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。 You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。 You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。 You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。 You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。 8. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is _ than fat.” A. Short B. shorter C. more short D. shortest 【分析】其实正确答案应是 C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起： (1) 异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如： My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。 Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。 (2) 同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为 “(更多的)是，而不是”、“与其不如”等。如： He was more lucky than clever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。 She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。 This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。 按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用 more 构成比较级，不能用-er 形式，即使是单音节词 也是如此。 陷阱题训练 1. It was _ opportunity to miss. A. too good an B. a too good C. too a good D. too good 2. I dont like it at all. It cant be _. A. Better B. Worse C. best D. worst 3. There was nothing special about this film it was only _. A. Particular B. Average C. interesting D. strange 4. She looks very _ but I cant remember her name. A. Similar B. Familiar C. friendly D. strange 5. He said he would return the money, and I was _. A. fool enough to believe him C. fool enough believing him B. enough fool to believe him D. enough fool believing him 6. “This book is _ more useful for us students.” “Yes, but it is _ too difficult.” A. quite, quite B. much, rather C. rather, quite D. quite, much 7. The children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad 8. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _ house in the forest. A. wooden pretty little C. pretty little wooden B. little pretty wooden D. wooden little pretty 9. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friends if there was _ to read. A. something easy enough C. enough easy something B. something enough easy D. easy enough something 10. The doctor assured the patient that there was _ with her, but she could not help worrying. A. seriously wrong nothing C. nothing seriously wrong B. nothing serious wrong D. serious nothing wrong 11. How is your father? Hes fine. Hes_ to play tennis every Sunday. A. enough active still C. still active enough B. enough still active D. still enough active 12. Did you wash your new suit in hot water? Of course not. I am not _ foolish. A. Very B. That C. very much D. too 13.Which team is _ to win the game? I dont know, but Ive found _ for ours to win. A. probable; it unlikely C. possible; it possible B. likely; it possible D. likely; it possibly 14. He didnt understand the _ question, so there was a _ expression on his face. A. puzzling; puzzled C. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling D. puzzled; puzzling 15. She can speak _ in front of Mack, but she cant eat _ in his restaurant. A. free, free B. free, freely C. freely, free D. freely, freely 16. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. Close B. Closely C. closed D. closing 17. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he _ passed the last exam. A. Easily B. Hardly C. actually D. successfully 18. In my apartment there are two rooms, _ is used as a living room. A. larger one B. the larger of which C. the largest one D. the largest of which 19. “Are you satisfied with his answer?” “Not at all. It couldnt have been _.” A. Better B. Worse C. more D. less 20. Im _ at sums than Jean, but better at history. A. More B. Less C. worse D. cleverer 21. We couldnt have picked _ day for the picnic it rained nonstop. A. a worse B. a worst C. the worse D. the worst 22. I know this is not quite the right word, but I cant be bothered to think of _. A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the good 23. Did you enjoy yourself at the party? Sorry to say I didnt. It was _ a meeting than a party. A. more like B. quite like C. less like D. more or less 24. When they arrived at the school it was raining _ harder. A. More B. Quite C. very D even 25. With the development of the Internet, _ communication is done by regular mail. A. Less B. More C. little D. few 26. If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one. OK, but do you have _ size in blue? This ones a bit tight for me. A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger 27. If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time C. much happiest time B. a more happier time D. a much happier time 28. This dress is prettier, but it costs _ that one. A. twice more than C. as much twice as B. twice as much as D. twice so much as 【答案与解析】 1. 选 A，too to 结构除用于“too + 形容词或副词 + to do sth”外，也可用于“too + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + to do sth”。 2. 选 B，it cant be worse 相当于 Its the worst thing I ever knew。 3. 选 B，average 意为“平常的”、“普通的”。 4. 选 B，similar 指“相似”，familiar 指“熟悉”。 5. 选 A，此处的 fool 虽为名词，但具有形容词的性质，相当于 foolish。 6. 选 B。虽然 quite, rather, much 均可用于加强语气，但是修饰比较级或副词 too(太)时，只能用 rather 或 much，而不用 quite。 7. 选 D。第一个 look 是实义动词(注意与之搭配的介词 at)，第二个 look 是连系动词。 8. 选 C。多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时，它们的位置遵循这样的原则：描绘形容词大小（长短 高低）形容词形状形容词年龄（新旧）形容词颜色形容词国籍形容词材料形容词用途（类别） 形容词名词（动名词）。 9. 选 A。做对此题要注意两点：一是修饰 something, anything, nothing 等复合不定代词的形容词， 应置于被修饰语之后；二是副词 enough 修饰形容词或副词时也应置于被修饰语之后。 10. 选 C。wrong 修饰 nothing，seriously 修饰 wrong。 11. 选 C。still 修饰 active，置于其前；而副词 enough 修饰形容词或副词时应置于被修饰语之后。 12. 选 B。that 在此作副词不是代词，用法相当于 so。其余三者填入空格处语意不通。 13. 选 B。 14. 选 A。 15.选 C。第一空填 freely，意为“自由地”；第二空填 free，意为“免费地”。 16. 选 A。close 与 closely 的区别是：指实际距离近，用 close；指抽象意义，用 closely。 17. 选 B。首先应弄清 second to none 的意思，照字面理解是“对谁都不是第二”，言外之意就是“第 一”，或者说是“最好”。再联系句中的 but 可知，选项 B 最恰当。 18. 选 B，由于是两个房间，即是两者比较，故宜用比较级，因此排除 C 和 D；又由于两句之间没 有连词，故不宜选 A。注：若在空格前加上 and 一词，则要选 A。 19. 选 B。此题关键是要理解 Not at all 的意思。根据上文语境，Not at all 为 I am not satisfied at all with his answer 之省略，即表示“我对他的回答一点也不满意”，既然如此，他的回答当然会是 It couldnt have been worse（不可能更糟）。 20. 选 C 句意为“我的算术比琼差 但我的历史比她强” 注意句中的转折连词 but 及其后的 better。 ， ， 。 21. 选 A，we couldnt have picked a worst day 实际意思是 it is the worst day weve picked。 22. 选 A，a better 为 a better one 之省略。另外，a better one（一个更好的）是与其前文“我知道 这不是一个很适合的词”相呼应的。 23. 选 A。根据空格后的 than，排除 B 和 D；根据语境，排除 C。 24. 选 D。more 后不能比较级，故排除 A；quite 除用于 quite better 外，不用于修饰比较，故排除 B；very 不用修饰比较级，故排除 C。 25. 选 A。若选 B 或 C 均不合事实；若选 D，不合语法，因为 few 后要接可数名词的复数形式。 26. 选 B。从句意看，空格处应填比较级 bigger，因此排除 A 和 C。选项 B 与 D 的区别是，一个用 了不定冠词，一个用了定冠词，两者的区别是，不定冠词表泛指，定冠词表特指。 27. 选 D。由于是将有考试与没有考试作比较，所以应用比较级，不用最高级，由此排除 A 和 C。 选 B 的错误在于用了 more happier 这样的双重比较级（more 后不能再加比较级）。 28. 选 B。修饰 asas 的副词应置于该结构之前。 练习题训练 1.Lizzie was _to see her friend off at the airport Aa little more than sad Csad more than a little Bmore than a little sad Da little more sad than 2.If you cant come tomorrow，well _have to hold the meeting next week Ayet Beven Crather Djust 3.The husband gave his wife _every mob 山 in order to please her Aall half his income Chalf his all income Bhis half all income Dall his half income 4.The great success of this programme has been _due to the support given by the local businessmen Arather Bvery Cquickly D1argely 5.The number of people present at the concert was _than expectedThere were many tickets left Amuch smaller Bmuch more Cmuch larger Dmany more 6.John Smith，a successful businessman，has a _car A1arge German white Cwhite large German B1arge white German DGerman large white 7._students are required to take part in the boat race ATen strong young Chinese CChinese ten young strong BTen Chinese strong young DYoung strong ten Chinese 8.The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years A1ittle white wooden Cwhite wooden little B1ittle wooden white Dwooden white little 9.When we plan our vacation，mother often offers _suggestions Acareful Bpractical Ceffective Dacceptable 10.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _she was getting Aheavier Bheavy Cthe heavier Dthe heaviest 11.He speaks English well indeed，but of course not _a native speaker Aas fluent as Cso fluently as Bmore fluent than Dmuch fluently than 12.In _Chinese culture，marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children Atraditional Bhistoric Cremote Dinitial 13.Most people on this island are recreational fishers，and_，fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time Aaccidentally Bpurposefully Cobviously Dformally 14.I must be getting fat-I can _d0 my trousers up Afairly Bhardly Cnearly Dseldom 15.Mr. Smith used to smoke _but he has given it up Aseriously Bheavily Cbadly Dhardly 16.Everyone Was on time for the meeting _Chris，whos usually ten minutes late for everything Abut Bonly Ceven Dyet 17.That doesnt sound very frightening，PaulIve seen _What did you like most about the film? Abetter Bworse Cbest Dworst 18.I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is _than John Amore efficiently a worker Cmore an efficient worker Ba more efficient worker Da worker more efficiently 19._，some famous scientists have the questions of being both careful and careless AStrangely enough CStrange enough BEnough strangely DEnough strange 20.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _to carry all the way home Amuch too heavy Cheavy too much Btoo much heavy D. too heavy much 21.Our neighbor has _ours Aas a big house as Bas big a house as Cthe same big house as Da house the same big as 22.We were in _when we left that we forgot the airline tickets Aa rush so anxious Cso an anxious rush Ba such anxious rush Dsuch an anxious rush 23.-I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a ear cut in and knocked me down -You can never be _careful in the street Amuch Bvery Cso Dtoo 24.-You dont look very _Are you ill? -No，Im just a bit tired Agood Bwell Cstrong DHealthy 25.Four of Roberts children were at the party，including _，Luke Athe eldest Ban oldest one Cthe old Dan old one 26.Many students signed up for the _race in the sports meeting to be held next week A800-metre-long C800 metre length B800-metres-long D800 metres length 27.After supper she would sit down by the fire，sometimes for _an hour，thinking of her young and happy days Aas long as Bas soon as Cas much as Das many as 28.Boris has brainsin factI doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ Aa high Ba higher Cthe higher Dthe highest 29.All the people _at the party were his supporters Apresent Bthankful Cinterested Dimportant 30.It was raining heavilyLittle Mary felt cold，so she stood _to her mother Aclose Bclosely Cclosed Dclosing 31.As far as I am concernededucation is about learning and the more you learn，_ Athe more for life are you equipped Bthe more equipped for life yon am Cthe more life you are equipped for Dyou are equipped the more for life 32 -Im very _with my own cookingIt looks nice and smells delicious -Mm，it does have a _smell Apleasant；pleased Cpleasant；pleasant Bpleased；pleased Dpleased；pleasant 33.Two middleaged passengers fell into the sea_，neither of them could swim AIn fact BLuckily CUnfortunately DNaturally 34.Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910 Amore than twice Ctwice as many as Bas twice as many Dmore than twice as many 35.It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science Aan art much as Cas an art much as Bmuch an art as Das much an art as 36.In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go， _. Aour holiday will be better Cthe better our holiday will be Bour holiday will be the better Dthe better will our holiday be 37.As I know，there is _ car in this neighborhood Ano such Bno a Cnot such Dno such a 38.Many people have helped with canned food，however，the food bank needs _for the poor Amore Bmuch Cmany Dmost 39.In that case，there is nothing you can do _than wait Amore Bother Cbetter Dany 40.I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) _trick Aordinary 41. Beasy Csmart Dsimple _to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills ABrave enough students CStudents brave enough BEnough brave students DStudents enough brave 42.Its always difficult being in a foreign country，_if you dont speak the language. Aextremely Bnaturally Cbasically Despecially 43.If you want to change for a double room you11 have to pay _8 15 Aanother Bother C，more Deach 44.Youre standing too near the cameraCan you move _? Aa bit far Ba little farther Ca bit of farther Da little far 【答案及解析】 1.【答案】B 从比较级的结构上，可看出选项 C、D 错误，应予以排除；根据句子的意义，选项 A(与 其悲伤，倒不如有一点)意思不完整；因此答案选 B，more 表示程度。句子的意思是：Lizzie 在机场给朋友 送别时有些悲伤。 2.【答案】D 选项 A 的意思是：然而，而又，也，还；B 是：甚至；C 是：相反地，更确切地，颇， 相当；D 是：就，正好，刚好。根据句子意思：如果你明天不能来，那么会议就推迟到下周召开。故答案 选 D。 3.【答案】 A 考查多个形容词作定语的排序。总括性形容词 a11bothno 要放在最前面，而 half 一般要放在冠词或形容词性物主代词之前。据此，答案选 A。 4.【答案】 D 选项 A 表示某种超出了人们能接受的程度；选项 B 只能修饰形容词或副词，而不能修 饰动词；选项 C 表示行动的敏捷；选项 D 表示一个大的范围或方面。根据句子的意思，答案选 D，意思是： 这个项目之所以取得成功在很大的程度上是由于当地商人的支持。 5.【答案】A 根据英语表示数字的大小的习惯，排除选项 B、D；根据下 many tickets left 的意思， 答案选 A。 6.【答案】B 多个形容词作定语时的位置关系，请看分类说明中的解释(总限观，大形龄，色国材， 目的用途名词前)。而 large 表大小，white 表颜色，German 表国籍。 7.【答案】A 多个形容词作定语的位置关系请参看前面的分类说明。ten(数词，表限制)，strong(描绘 性形容词，感官)，young(年龄)，Chinese(国籍)，由此，答案选 A。 8.【答案】A 本题考