定语从句关系副词学案.doc

定语从句() 关系副词自学指导：观察下列句子，并总结规律：1. The lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here 化学家做实验的那个实验室离这儿不远2. There are moments when I forget all about it. 那个时候我忘记了所有的一切3. He wanted to know the reason why I was late. 他想要知道我迟到的理由总结：定语从句中关系副词：_（时间状语）_（地点状语）_（原因状语），关系副词在定语从句中充当_。 合作探究where引导的定语从句例一 The building where he lives is very old. 他住的这栋建筑很老旧。分析：把从句补全应该为：he lives _，先行词building加上介词_在从句中做_，关系词用_或_ which。结论：当先行词在定语从句中的成分是地点状语的时候，连接词就是_。练习：The city _ we spent our holidays is very beautiful. 我们度假的那座城市很漂亮。 The hotel _we stayed was very clean.When引导的定语从句 例二 Tell me the time when he was killed. 告诉我他被杀的时间。分析：把从句补全应该为：he was killed _，先行词time加上介词_在从句中做_，关系词用_或_ which。总结：当先行词在定语从句中的成分是时间状语的时候，连接词就是_. 练习：I never forget the days _I played with you. The date _ we attended the meeting was June 18.Why引导的定语从句 例三 That is one of the reasons why I hate you. 这是我讨厌你的原因之一。 分析：把从句补全应该是I hate you _ ，先行词reason加上介词for在从句中做_。关系词用_ 或_.总结：当先行词在定语从句中的成分是原因状语的时候,连接词就是_练习：The reason_ he changed his mind is not clear. 他改变主意的原因还不清楚。I want to know the reason _ he left so early. 我想知道他这么早离开的原因。 完成下列习题，并比较他们有什么不同： March 22 is the day _I was born. 3月22号是我出生的那一天。 March 22 is the day _I will never forget. 3月22号是我永远不会忘的一天。 I saw them in the park _ a lot of people were singing. 我在那家有很多人唱歌的公园里看到他们。 I saw them in the park _ was built 10 years ago. 我在那家十年前建好的公园里看到他们的。精讲点拨： （一）定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择 1. 明确关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用：关系代词which, that, who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词和介词后作宾语。关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中作状语。 2.分析句子结构，明确语法成分。关系词在定语从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键在于从句的谓语动词是否及物动词。如果是及物动词，分析其后是否已经有宾语；如缺宾语则选择关系代词；如不缺宾语或谓语动词为不及物动词，则选择关系副词。（二）介词的选择 介词的选择主要从以下几方面考虑： 1. 从先行词跟介词的搭配出发 Ill never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside. 我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。 (把the day代入从句后，加on 才构成完整的句子，即we worked together on the day in the countryside) The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happening inside the house. 这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞，透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。(through which即through the hole)2. 从定语从句中动词、形容词等对介词的搭配要求出发 Do you know the girl _ whom the man talked just now? 你认识那个男人刚谈到的女孩吗？(talk后用to, with还是about，则根据先行词、定语从句中的动词talk考虑，此处用with或to比较好）3. 含有介词的动词短语不能拆开，则不能转化成“介词+关系代词”结构，介词仍然放在动词的后面。常见的这类动词有listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of, look into, break into, get rid of, take part in, make use of, take/catch hold of, catch up with, get along with, look forward to The babies whom the nurses are taking care of are very healthy. 护士照顾的那些婴儿们都很健康。（三）关于定语从句的注意点：1. 当先行词在从句中表示时间、地点、原因时，“介词+which”一般在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语，这时可以分别用when, where, why代替。（when相当于“at/in/during/on等+which”；where相当于“in/at/on等+which”；why相当于“for which”）。但若“介词+which”不是作时间、地点、原因状语时，则不能用when, where, why代替。Last week, I visited London, in which/where I have made several friends.上周我们去了伦敦，在那儿我们交了一些朋友。 Last year she bought this house, for which she paid her lifes savings. 去年她买了这所房子，为此她付出了一生的积蓄。3. 有几个词虽然不指具体的地点，但它们作先行词时常用where/介词+which引导定语从句。常见的有：situation/ case/ point/ circumstances/ stage/ family等。 I have come to the point where I cant stand him. 我已经到了不能忍受他的程度了。 Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 他把自己置于一个危险的境地，很容易失去对飞机的控制。4. 先行词way引导的定语从句当先行词是way，意为“方法，方式”时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which, that和不用任何关系词这三种形式。来I dont understand the way in which/that/（省略）they worked out the problem. 我没法理解他们解决这个问题的方法。试比较以下两个句子关系词的不同： The way that/which he explained to us was not difficult to understand. 他们给我们解释的这种方法不难理解。( 关系代