动词五大时态讲义.doc

一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词； 行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如 主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原 行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。例句：Do you often go shopping on Sundays? Does Tom usually have lunch at school? Are you a middle school student? Yes, I am. I dont think you are right. Mary likes bread a lot, but she doesnt like noodles at all.1）表示事物长期的状态、性质e.g. I am a student. He knows a lot of English. 2) 表示经常的或习惯的动作e.g. He always helps others. The old man goes to the park every morning. I get up early every day.3) 表示客观事实或普遍真理e.g. The sun rises in the east. October 1 is our National Day. 练一练：1. The earth _ around the sun. A. moves B. is moving C. moved D. move 2._ she _ home at six oclock every morning? A. Do, comes B. Does, comes C. Does, come 3. _ the Great Wall one of the places of great interests in China? A. Was B. Do C. Is二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：be动词的过去式； 行为动词的过去式否定形式：was/were+not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原 行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。例句：Did you sleep well last night? Were you with her at that moment? She didnt look well when I last saw her. It happened on a cold winter morning.练一练：1、 I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago. A .are going B. had been C. went D. have been2、 Judy is going to marry the sailor she _ in Rome last year. A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet另一种类型题：1、- Kate is in hospital. - Oh, really? I _. Ill go and visit her. A. didnt know B. dont know C. wont know D. havent known2、- Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she _! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised3、- You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say4、 - Oh, its you! I _ you. - Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses. A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognized C. havent recognized D. dont recognize 5、 I _ you not to move my dictionary - now I cant find it. A asked B ask C was asking D had asked三、一般将来时基本结构：am/is/are/going to + dowill/shall + do.Will there be anything else, Mr. Smith?否定形式：am/is/are + not going to do; will + not + do /shall + not + do。 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 例句：Are you going to help him with his lessons tonight?I wont tell him unless you tell me to do so.We arent going to plant trees along the river this year.I shall do it right now.They say that it will be good weather tomorrow. 现在进行时表将来（只适用于表示位置移动的动词：go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly(乘飞机)等）常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。例句：The Greens are moving to another city next week. Mr. Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning.练一练：1、Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _.A takes off B is taking offC has taken off D took off2、- Are you still busy?- Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.A just finish B am just finishingC have just finished D am just going to finish 3. There _ a football game on TV tonight. A. is going to have B. will be C. is going to D. will have四、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, look, listen, at the moment, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 例句：Are you feeling better today? -What are you doing now? -Im not doing anything now. The telephone is ringing. Would you answer it, please?1) 说话时正在进行的动作 e.g. I am writing a letter. Many people are looking at the picture.2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时不一定正在进行) e.g. He is writing a book. I am working hard this term.练一练：1. - Whats that terrible noise? - The neighbors _ for a party.A have prepared B are preparing C prepare D will prepare五、过去进行时基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。例句：-Was he watching TV at this time yesterday?-No, he wasnt.They werent doing homework when I got back.1、I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. had worked C. had been working D. was working 2、I dont think Jim saw me; he _ into space. A. just stared B. has just stared C. was just staring D. had just stared. 3、- Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.- Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home.A. have just thought B. was just thinkingC. would just think D. will just be thinking4、- Did you see a man in black pass by just now?- No, sir. I _ a newspaper.A. read B. was reading C .would read D. am reading六、现在完成时基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done.一般疑问句: 把 have或has 放于句首。 时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years例句：-Have you waited long?-No, just a few minutes.She hasnt finished doing her homework yet.since / for u since 说明动作的起始时间，其后常接过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、年份、last month/half past six）,或接一段时间+ago, 还有接句子。例句：I havent seen him since last week.I have been here since 2 years ago.u for 说明动作延续的时间长度。它和表示一段时间的词连用。例句：I havent seen him for a week.Some words can be used in the present perfect tense, but cant be used with “since” or “for”, such as come, go, leave, arrive, join, die, marry, borrow, etc.比较哪个对：He has come to Beijing.He has come to Beijing for 7 years.He has been in Beijing for 7 years.Her father has died.Her father has died for 5 years.Her father has been dead for 5 years.改错：I have borrowed this book for 3 days.He has joined the army since 2000.练一练：1、I wonder why Jenny _us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A) hasnt written B) doesnt writeC) wont write D) hadnt written 2、My brother is an actor. He _ in several films so far.A) appears B) appearedC) has appeared D) is appearing3、 You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet4、 - Im sorry to keep you waiting. - Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have beenB. had been C. wasD. will be5、-Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.-I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; putC. had you put; 0have put D. were you putting; have put注 意：现在完成时与过去时不同之处在于强调动作延续到现在或对现在产生影响.We first met in 1998, and from then on we have been good friends.1、 When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten七、过去完成时基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 时间状语：before, by the end of last yearHad yo