四级真题英语阅读长难句分析.docx

四级真题英语阅读长难句分析1. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that theres this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. (2009. 阅读. Text A)【译文】鲍姆认为，哈密顿和其他人最近的决定可能就是“一种迹象表明人们开始意识到存在一种破坏性竞争”。他是最近一项大学调查报告的组织者之一，这项报告引发了人们对并非基于需要的制度性经济援助的关心。【析句】复合句。主干是Baum says+宾语从句，也就是Baum说话的内容。宾语从句的主句是Recent decisions may be a sign that are starting to realize that there is this destructive competition., 引号内包含两个从句，that引导定语从句修饰a sign, realize后是that引导的宾语从句。最后，co-author of a recent College Report作Baum的同位语，that raises concerns about.是College Report的定语从句。2. “No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek anexemptionfrom federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid. (2009. 阅读. Text A)【译文】任何人都不能采取单方面的行动。莱尔德说，他正在研究是否有必要寻求获得联邦反托拉斯法的豁免权，这样一来，其成员大学就可以探讨如何共同削减奖学金支出。【析句】例句二和例句一结构相似：主句Laird says且倒装，引号内是说话的内容，作宾语从句且置于句首。主句后，who is exploring whether to.作定语从句，whether to.作exploring的宾语，而最后so member colleges can discuss how they could reduce merit aid是exploring动作的结果，discuss后是how引导的宾语从句。3. A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who dont qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. (2009. 阅读. Text A)【译文】一个复杂因素就是，奖学金深受不符合助学金申请条件的中层收入家庭的欢迎，甚至许多家庭都依靠它。【析句】复合句。主句Acomplicating factor is that引导表语从句。表语从句中，主句是merit aid become so popular with middle-income families that many have come to depend on it,包含固定短语so.that+从句，意为“太以至于”，句中插入了who引导的定语从句。1. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see. (2009. 阅读. Text 1)【译文】而且这意味着，人们第一次有机会亲自近距离了解平时很难见到的那类非裔妇女。【析句】主句that means that+宾语从句，宾语从句中，主句for the first time people will have a chance to.woman, 其中短语get up close and personal with这一短语结构中，close and personal作伴随状语，最后they so rarely see作the type of .woman的定语从句。2. When next years crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, theyll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost of Yale, wholl become Oxfords vice-chancellora position equivalent to university president in America. (2009. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】2009年秋季毕业的高中生进入牛津大学时，他们会迎来一个新面孔，安德鲁 汉密尔顿，55岁的前耶鲁大学教务长。他将入主牛津成为副教务长，职位相当于美国大学的校长。【析句】复合句。首先是when引导的时间状语从句，主句位于句中，theyll be joined by a new face。Andrew Hamilton， the 55-year-old provost of Yale作a new face的同位语，而同位语后wholl become Oxfords vice-chancellor是它的定语从句，最后a position equivalent to.又作vice-chancellor的同位语。3. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she hadoverseen“a major strengthening of Yales financial position.” (2009. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。【析句】本例句与例句2结构相似，句首先是when引导的时间状语从句，another former Yale provost作Alison Richard的同位语。主句位于句中，the university stressed that+宾语从句。可以看出，在介绍某人的年龄、职位等情况时多用同位语。1. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. (2010. 阅读. Text 1)【译文】如今，由于诸多问题如犯罪频发、交通拥挤、空地缺乏以及奇怪的关于什么对于孩子最好的新观点能买到的而不是孩子发现的东西，孩子们被剥夺了这种古老的自由。【析句】复合句。主句children are robbed of these ancient freedoms,due to problems like.odd new perceptions about.这句中，due to作原因状语，like这里是介词。about后what is best for children是about的宾语从句，that is to say作插入语，最后有两个that引导的定语从句修饰things并由rather than连接。2. Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition toacademiamore attractive, according to Lee. (2010. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】李认为，越往象牙塔的高处走，薪酬就降得越明显。但是，由于大学需要大量行业经验丰富的研究人员，这就迫使学校提高转向大学做学术的吸引力。【析句】主句的主干是the demand for scientists. is forcing universities to make., 具体说来，with a wealth of experience.作伴随状语。这个句子难理解的部分在前面，Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is more significant, 要注意the ladder不是生活中的“梯子”，在这里含有指代意义，尤其指代职场上职位、地位的高低。higher up the ladder在结构上是形容词短语作伴随，并且还有where引导的非限制性定语从句修饰。3. They werent looking forcuredmeats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and thisprioritisationof quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldnt compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain. (2011. 阅读. Text 1)【译文】他们不会去找腌肉或有机产品，也不会在意菜肴摆放是否漂亮，他们只会寻找任何能得到的食物。这种数量优于质量的做法持续了好几十年，这意味着这一代人所吃的食物是无法与邻近的法国、意大利、比利时或是西班牙相提并论的。【析句】整句话有两个分句组成，重点在后一分句。主干由and连接两个句子组成，前句they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, 有两点需要注意：一是whatever引导for的宾语从句，二是短语get ones hands on意为“得到某物”；后句and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades,抽象名词prioritisaton作主语,后面是meaning现在分词作伴随，meaning后有宾语从句 a generation was brought up with food ，并且food后是that引导的定语从句。1. Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the GlobalHumanitarianForum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general. (2011. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】据由联合国前秘书长安南领导的全球人道主义论坛提出的一项报道称，如今全球变暖每年导致30万人死亡以及价值约一万两千五百亿美元的经济损失。【析句】主句是Global warming is causing.deaths and.losses, 简单句。我们重点看一下后面的修饰部分，according to为复合介词，a report为介词宾语，an organization led by Annan作the Global Humanitarian Forum的同位语，句末的the former UN secretary又作Annan的同位语。2. Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was amethodologicalembarrassment because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions. (2011. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】在科罗拉多大学波尔德分校研究灾难规律的政治科学家Roger Pielke Jr.称人道主义论坛的这项报告是“一个方法论上的难题”，因为没有办法区分是与人为因素有关的全球变暖造成的死亡或经济损失还是弱势地区由于人口和经济增长导致的更大的损失。【析句】复合句。主干是Roger said +that引导的宾语从句，主语Roger后，a political scientist作同位语，紧随其后的是who studies disaster trends定位从句修饰a political scientist。宾语从句中，主句the Forums report was a m