武汉大学考博英语写作讲义.ppt

备考博士生入学考试,英语写作,作文水平的划分和定位：,1.大学英语四级写作水平 2.大学英语六级写作水平 3.考研英语写作水平 4.托福英语写作水平 5.写作平分标准： (奖励分取代扣分),考题特点：,（） 作文选材均为热门话题并贴近生活 作文选题范围均为当今社会的热门话题，从电视广告到希望工程，从父母与子女的关系到拥有健康的重要性，从世界烟民现状到近年盛行一时的“承诺”，环境保护，无不反映了当前公众最为关注的事。 （） 文体多为说明文与议论文 说明文和议论文用途较广，我们平时接触的文章、报纸、信件等等多为这两种体裁。在工作岗位上所撰写的材料大多也是说明或议论文。因而考这种体裁的写作比较符合实际需要。 （） 出题形式基本是三段式 （年武汉大学题型除外：提纲为四段；年湖北省题型和06年07年武汉大学的题型没有具体规定，难度为最大）,考博题型分析,2007年武汉大学博士 Directions: The age of Information Technology has taken a lot of people by surprise. While it has become a way of life for some, others know very little about it and may be unlikely to learn. Eventually we will have a polarized society and this will lead to serious social problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Write at least 200 words.,The age of Information Technology has taken a lot of people by surprise and become a way of life for some people, especially the young. They would make extensive use of telecom services and log onto the Internet whenever possible. In their eyes, the Internet not only presents an opportunity for the advancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge, but also provides them with a virtual existence which is far more appealing than traditional life. For some others, however, the information technology is something abstruse and scary. They know very little about it and may be unlikely to learn. They have difficulty coping with the increased social and technological complexity and overload brought forth by the information technology, therefore preferring to interact with human beings and avoid any contact with computers or machines.,Would information technology polarize the society and lead to serious social problems? I dont think so, since we have to go with the tide. The information technology will transform our society as significantly as the two industrial revolutions. It not only increases human productivity in both our personal lives and the workplace, but also improves education and health care, provides new ways to shop, enables professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally permeates the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives. Once the laggards realize that the information technology will dramatically affect people and organizations on a wide scale, most of them would, and they have to catch up with the time. As for those few people who are so obstinate as to go against the tide, they would be left behind by history. Therefore the society would embrace information technology as a whole rather than be polarized.,2006年武汉大学博士 Directions: You should spend about 30 minutes on this part. Present a written argument or case to an educated reader without specialist knowledge of the following topic. Now many people enjoy emails and other people prefer face-to-face conversation. The title of your composition is “Which Is Better: a Talk or an Email?”. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience to support your opinion. Write at least 200 words.,2006 年湖北省博士研究生 Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay entitled My View on Internet Information in no less than 200 words. The essay should be based on the outline below: 1. Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. 2. Access to so much information creates problems. 3. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples.,2005年武汉大学博士 Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled If I Were the Mayor of This City in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: Outlines: 1. 这个城市现在存在的问题; 2. 假如我是市长的话, 如何解决这些问题; 3. 问题解决后的城市前景.,2005 年湖北省博士研究生 Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Holiday Economy in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: Outlines: 1. The aim of “Holiday Economy” and its positive effects; 2. Problems derived from “Holiday Economy”; 3. My suggestions.,2004 年湖北省博士研究生 Directions: In this section you are required to write an essay in accordance with the following requirements: Title: Should All College Courses be Specially Related to a future Occupation? Time Limit: 40minutes Word Limit: 180-200 words Your composition must be written on the ANSWER SHEET.,2004 年武汉大学博士研究生 Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled My View on Terrorist Activities in Some Countries in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: 恐怖活动日益猖獗的表现; 分析其猖獗的原因; 各国政府应采取的有效措施; 你对我国政府所采取措施的态度或看法.,2003 年湖北省博士研究生 Directions: In this section you are required to write an essay in accordance with the following requirements: Title: Scientific Discovery - Curse or Blessing Time Limit: 40minutes Word Limit: 180-200 words (not including the given opening sentences) Your composition should be based on the given opening sentences of each paragraph. Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Outlines: New scientific discoveries nearly always bring to mankind a blessing; Yet sometimes scientific discoveries may prove a curse upon human race; The misuse of scientific discoveries must be prevented.,2003 年武汉大学博士研究生 Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Looking Forward to the New Reform of College English in China in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: 有些人认为随着各种高水平电子课件的制作与引进，大学生基本上可以自学英语了; 有些人认为大学英语教师虽然面临挑战，但不可或缺; 我对中国大学英语教学改革的看法与建议.,2002 年湖北省博士研究生 Directions: “Give me a fish and Ill eat for a day; teach me how to fish and Ill eat for a life-time.” is a famous saying often quoted. In this part, you are expected to write a composition based on the saying above and the following outlines for each paragraph. You should write no less than 200 words. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. Outlines: Interpretation of the saying; Comments on the saying; Embodiment of the saying in scientific research or daily life,2002 年武汉大学博士研究生 Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Pressures on Modern Man in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: 现代人会遇到各种各样的压力; 压力的来源; 如何减轻自己的压力,应试方法,高分作文四大策略: 1.内容简单化; 2.结构模式化; 3.语言要包装; 4.考前要强化。,（三段式）提纲式模板（提纲模式）,提纲式模板通常由四种基本的段落组成：说明原因的段落；阐述主题的段落；提出解决方法的段落；对比观点的段落。当然，并不是每篇文章都有这些段落，而是由这些段落形成不同的组合。如： 第一种组合： （第一段） 罗列现状 （第二段） 说明原因 （第三段） 提出建议 范例： 。 第二种组合： （第一段） 说明原因 （第二段） 分析原因 （第三段） 解决方法 范例： 。 第三种组合： （第一段） 说明原因 （第二段） 阐明观点 （第三段） 联系实际,作文模板,根据各类应试作文的题材来看,按照内容大致上可以划分为几个主要的方面.在每一个领域里,题目不相同的文章都有许多共同点,文章与文章之间可以相互借鉴. 模仿润色修改后,短文的篇章套路，可举一反三，照葫芦画瓢，甚至只消更换一些词语，就可轻而易举地写出其他内容的短文。例如：,My View on Fate There is no consensus of opinion among people as to face fate. Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain fate that he can not change, while some other people argue that every man is the master of his own life. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. As a saying goes, “Everyone is the architect of his own future,“ which means ones fate is decided in his own hands. In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life. Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just cant recognize how much inner strength and ability they have. So, we must depend on ourselves to change our lives and make us successful and happy. Lets take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example. When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf. Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spirit in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded the Presidents Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless. This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck. In conclusion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate. We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard. We should bear the following saying in mind, “every man is the master of his own fate.“,My view on wealth There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of _. Some people claim _, while some other people believe _. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. There is an old saying, _ which means _. In fact, _. Those who _ just cant realize _ For example, _ In conclusion, I believe that _only if _,填空式作文（模版）,两者比较题： This controversy describe the dilemma faced by many people in this era. As far as I am concerned, I support B, because there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages not to support it. There are numerous reasons why I support B, and I will in here explain a few of the most important ones. The main reason is that (1)_ _. For example, (2)_ _. A further reason why I support B is that (3)_ _. There is a good evidence to show that (4)_ _. A, on the other hand, also has some benefits, such as (5)_. But its ad- vantages are no more than its disadvantages We can see this clearly in a case that (6)_ _. From the above discussion we see that even though the dilemma still exits, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that (7)_ _.,支持B的第 一个原因 举例说明原因 支持B的第 二个原因 举例说明原因 举例说明A的优势 举例说明A的劣势 重申论点,填空式作文（模版）,Which is BETTER: A, or B ? Different people have different answers due to their respective point of view. However, I shall agree that A is BETTER than B, for three reasons addressed below. First, (1)_ _. In order to see this point clearly, let us see an example: (2)_ _. Second, (3)_ _ _. For example, (4)_. Third, in modern society, (5)_ _. The reason for this is that (6)_ _. In conclusion, due to the above-mentioned reasons, I believe that (7)_ _.,支持A的第 一个原因 举例说明原因 支持A的第 二个原因 举例说明原因 支持A的第 三个原因 详细进行说明 总结论点,填空式作文（模版）,“是否”选择题 Whether AAA should or should not be IX)NE is a much debated problem in that it affects everybody in their daily lives. Careful consideration leads me to believe that (1)_. First of all, I believe that (2)_ _. A small example could give some light to this point. It is said that (3)_ _. Secondly, I believe that (4)_ _ _. Sometimes, for example, (5)_ _. Last but not least, (6)_ _. As we know, (7)_ _. In conclusion, it is my opinion that (8)_ _.,陈述自己的观 点 支持自己观点 的第一个原因 举例说明 支持自己观点 的第二个原因 举例说明 支持自己观点 的第三个原因 举例说明 重申观点,填空式作文（模版）,Determining whether AAA should or should not be DONE could be weighed in many aspects. On balance, my view is that AAA should not be DONE in modem society. First, it goes without saying that (1)_ _ _. In order to see this point clearly, let us see an example: (2)_ _ _. Second, (3)_ _. A case in point is that (4)_ _. Finally, (5)_ _ _. Foe example, (6)_ _ _. So, based on the above discussion, it is not difficult to get the conclusion: (7)_ _.,不应该做 AAA的第一个 原因 举例说明原因 不应该做 AAA的第二个 原因 举例说明原因 不应该做AAA 的第三个原因 （6）举例说明原因三 （7）总结观点,填空式作文（模版）,概括性陈述题： This quotation means that (1）_ _ _. This opinion seems to be immature, and I disagree with it for the following three reasons. First of all, (2)_ _ _. A good example is (3)_ _. In the second place, (4)_ _ _. It is well-known that (5)_ _ _. Last but not least, (6)_ _For example,(7)_. In this respect, then the speakers statement does not make much sense, Therefore, in my opinion, the statement AAA is rather invalid. (8)_ _.,AAA的含义 反对AAA的 第一个原因 举例说明原因 反对AAA的 第二个原因 举例说明原因 反对AAA的 第三个原因 举例说明原因 总结观点,The above statement means that (1)_ _. While this claim seems plausible in the abstract, it ignores many practical problems, The first problem with this claim is that (2)_ _. The world-famous (3)_ _ serves as an excellent example. (3)_ _. The second problem with this claim is that (4)_ _ _. It is best illustrated if given this example: (5)_ _. The last thing I want to take a glance at this issue is that (6)_. In order to see this point clearly, let us to see an example: (7)_ _. It is sometimes correct to say AAA, however, it is true only to a limited extent. In my opinion, (7)_ _.,对引言的解释 反对AAA的 第一个原因 举例说明原因 反对AAA的 第二个原因 举例谎明原因 反对AAA的 第三个原因 举例说明原因 总结观点,作文题预测:,1旅游文明 2科技创新与”神六”升空 3创建和谐社会 4. 考研热(教育) 5. 环境保护 6. 城市燃放烟花爆竹 7. 2008年北京奥运会 8私人轿车 9. 信息社会与网络安全 10. “超女”现象 11地区冲突 12择业与就业 13全球化与民族化 14老年化 15. 大规模传染性疾病防治,2008 年湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）： Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Science and Technology in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: Outlines: 1. 科技创新的紧迫性; 2. 如何创造中国品牌; 3. My suggestions. 2008年武汉大学博士研究生（作文预测）： Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Harmonious Society in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: Outlines: 1. 为什么要创建和谐社会； 2. 如何创建和谐社会； 3. 和谐社会的前景.,2008 年湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）： Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Outbreak of Epidemic Disease in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: Outlines: 1. 大规模传染性疾病极其影响; 2. 疾病发生和扩散的原因; 3. My suggestions. 2008年武汉大学博士研究生（作文预测）： Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Should the Laying-off Fireworks Be Banned or Not? in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: Outlines: 1. 城市燃放烟花爆竹的好处； 2. 城市燃放烟花爆竹不利之处； 3. 我的看法.,2008 年湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）： Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Internet Security in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: Outlines: 1. Is necessary to censor the content of internet information; 2. Your main reason; 3. Your suggestion. 2008年武汉大学博士研究生（作文预测）： Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled To Be Superstar Over Night in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: Outlines: 1. 超级女生； 2. 造成这种现象的原因； 3. 我的看法.,2008 年湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）： Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Should Private Owned Cars Being Encouraged? in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines: Outlines: 1. The advantages of procession of private cars; 2. The disadvantages of procession of private cars; 3. My suggestions. 2008年武汉大学博士研究生（作文预测）： Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Money-O