中考英语词类复习.doc

中考英语词类复习1、名词: 可数(1)掌握名词复数形式的构成直接在词尾 + s(boys, pencils)以ch, sh, s, x结尾的 + es(watches, buses)以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的, 变y为i + es(families, cities)以f, fe结尾的, 变f, fe为v + es(knives, leaves)不规则变化(children, women, fish, tomatoes)注意单复数同形的名词: sheep, Chinese, Japanese.只有复数形式的词: people, trousers, clothes, thanks.(2)掌握名词的所有格的两种表示法有生命的人或动物的所有格常在单词后边加s无生命的事物的所有格用of。my mothers bagthe dogs housethe door of our classroom注意, 加s构成所有格时, 如果名词本身是以s结尾的则只加, 不加s。(3)不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式, 且前边不能用不定冠词, 也不能用数词作定语。作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。使用量词短语表示数量。a piece of newsa cup of tea2、冠词(1)掌握不定冠词a和an的用法用在第一次提到的可数名词单数前或泛指一类人或物及固定词组中。(2)掌握定冠词the的用法用来特指某人或某物。用在世界上独一无二的事物的名称前。用在序数词和形容词最高级前。用在姓氏的复数形式前, 表示夫妇或一家人。某些词组中的固定搭配。3、代词(1)分清人称代词的主格和宾格的用法主格在句子中作主语。宾格在句子中作宾语。(2)分清形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词后边必须跟着它所修饰的名词。名词性物主代词后边不能再跟名词。(3)反身代词的构成和用法反身代词在句中主要起强调作用, 词组有teach oneself, learn by oneself(4)掌握以下不定代词的基本用法some一些。常用于肯定句, 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。any一些, 任何。常用于任何否定句, 疑问句条件句中, 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。注意与some或any组合生成的词(something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone), 其用法与some和any基本相同。each可单独使用, 强调个体, 用于两者或两者以上的每个人或物, 可作名词和形容词使用。every不可单独使用, 强调整体, 用于三者或以上的情况, 只能作形容词用。both, all, neither, none, either, any, the other的区别。 含义对象都都不任何(一个)每(一个)另(一个)twobothneithereithereachthe otherthreeallnoneanyeveryanother(5)初步掌握it用来表示自然现象、时间、距离及作形式主语或形式宾语的用法。Its 3 oclock in the afternoon.Its about 5 kilometres away.Its raining now.Its important to learn English well.Youll find it easy to make a kite.4、数词(1)掌握基数词和序数词的构成及基本用法。注意以下几个序数词的写法:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, thirty-first one hundredth(2)掌握千以内数字的写法:8, 231eight thousand two hundred and thirty-one(3)掌握年、月、日的表达法及日常交际用语中数字的表达法:(on) August seventh, 1979; page 58; Unit25; Class Three Grade One; the No.168 Middle School(4)掌握下列词组的用法:hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, three hundred students5、形容词和副词(1)形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的构成及使用。原级: 没有比较用原级, 特定句型用原级(asas, not asas, not soas)。比较级: 两者比较用比较级, 句中有A or B句型或than。最高级: 三者或三者以上比较用最高级, 句中有A, B or C句型或由in或of引出比较范围。 其它表达法: 比较级 + and + 比较级表“越来越”, The + 比较级, the + 比较级表“越越”eg: Mike is tall.This room is as big as that one.This lesson isnt as interesting as lesson Three.Tom doesnt run so fast as Jack.Which is better, this one or that one?My sister writes more carefully than my brother.Who is the tallest, Jack, John or Tom?He is the most careful in our class.Changjiang River is the longest river in China.Spring is coming. Its getting warmer and warmer.The barder he studied, the more knowledge he got.形容词副词比较级和最高级的构成a、直接 + er / + estb、以e结尾的 + er / + estc、以辅音字母 + y结尾的变y为i + er / + estd、重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的, 双写 + er / + este、不规则变化f、多音节和少数双音节的词, 在词前加more或most(2)易混的副词辨析:already, 多用于肯定句, yet多用于否定句或疑问句中too, also, either都表示“也”too和also都用于肯定句中, too常放在句尾, also常放在句中, either用于否定句的句尾。6、介词(1)表示时间的介词in, on, atin用于较长一段时间, 星期, 月份, 季节, 年, 朝代世纪或非特指的早、午、晚等。on具体某一天或具体某一个早、午、晚。at在某一点时间或某个瞬间。eg: in 1988, in the 21st century, in winter, in March, in the moring, on Saturday evening, on the May seventh, on a windy night, on the afternoon, of October 31st, at eight oclock, at night, at noon, at the end of, at this moment, at this time, at the age of(2)in与after表示“以后”时的区别in表示以现在为起点的“以后”, 常用于将来时态中。after常用于一般过去时态中, 表示在过去某个时间之后。eg: Well come back in two weeks.我们将在两周后回来。They came back after two weeks.两周以后, 他们回来了。(3)ago与before表示“在以前”时的区别ago表示从现在算起的“以前”, 常常是“一段时间 + ago”before表示以过去为起点的“以前”时, 常常是“一段时间 + before”, 如果是:”“before + 一点时间”, 则只表示在某一点以前。eg: He went to the library 2 hours ago.He said he had gone to the library 2 hours before.They will start before eight oclock tomorrow morning.I went to bed before nine yesterday evening.(4)for与duringfor + 一段时间常表示“持续了一段时间”, 而during则表示在期间eg: He has been in Beijing for 3 years.I was in Beijing during last summer.(5)in与at表示方位时at与小的地点连用, 有“在某一点”的含义。in与大的地方连用有“在范围之内”的含义。He was lost at the station.The twins were born in a big city.(6)over, above与on表示“在上”的区别。over指没有接触面的正上方, 反义词是under。above指没有接触面的上方, 在高一些的位置, 反义词是below。on指有接触面的, 在的表面上。The plane is above the clouds.The bridge is over the river.The cup is on the table.(7)熟练掌握介词与动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的词组, 另外还要注意, 介词的后边要跟名词作它的宾语, 如果是动词, 则要变为动名词(doing)的形式。如: She is good at singing.Im good at English.7、连词(1)掌握连词的含义与用法and(和, 并), but(但是), or(否则, 或者), so(所以, 于是), when(当的时候), eitheror(或者或者, 不是就是), neithernor(既不也不), sothat(如此以致于)8、动词(1)熟练掌握动词的现在分词, 第三人称单数, 过去式, 和过去分词的构成。注意牢记不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。(2)掌握四类动词的一般用法:实义动词分为及物和不及物两种, 在句中作谓语。连系动词be, look, feel, get, turn, become, keep等, 在句中与表语一起构成相当于谓语部分的系表结构。助动词帮助谓语动词构成不同的时态和否定句, 疑问句, 不能单独使用, 也无含义。情态动词可以说是一种特殊的助动词, 情态动词没有人称和数的变化, 后边必须跟动词原形, 而且本身不但有含义而且可以直接构成否定句和疑问句。(3)非谓语动词的习惯用法, 一定要熟记1)begin to do sth2)start to do sth3)decide to do sth4)want to do sth5)(would) like to do sth6)forget to do sth7)remember to do sth8)love to do sth9)learn to do sth10)need to do sth11)try to do sth12)try not to do sth13)stop to do sth14)ask sb.to do sth15)ask sb.not to do sth16)like sb.to do sth17)teach sb.to do sth18)tell sb.to do sth19)tell sb.to do sth20)want sb.to do sth21)help sb.(to) do sth22)let sb.do sth23)have sb.do sth24)make sb.do sth25)had better do sth26)had better not do sth27)feel / hear sb.do sth28)watch / see sb.do sth 29)why not do sth30)be busy doing sth31)see / watch sb doing sth32)feel / hear sb doing sth33)enjoy doing sth34)finish doing sth35)keep (sb) doing sth36)go on doing sth37)stop doing sth38)like doing sth39)begin doing sth40)start doing sth41)prevent sb from doing42)stop sb / sth from doing sth43)spend时间 / 金钱(in) doing sth44)It takes sb. some time to do sth.45)It is good (wrong, easy, difficult, important) to do sth46)It is time (for sb.) to do sth47)be used for doing sth48)will / would you please do sth49)what about (doing) sth(4)能够区别使用下列动词1)tell, say, speak, talk2)bring, take, carry3)lend, borrow, keep4)listen, listen to, hear, hear from, hear of5)look, look at, see, watch, notice6)reach, arrive(in / at), get to7)look for, look after, look at, look up8)put on, put up, put down, put away, put into9)look for, find, find out, found10)take off, take away, take down11)try on , put on, wear, dress, get dressed12)ask for, send for13)g