雅思考试旅游文化话题词汇.doc

国际旅游和文化 旅游景点 tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest开阔眼界 push back/expand ones vision/horizons游客与当地人的互动 tourists can interact with the locals促进文化交流 promote cultural communication吸引 draw/attract/appeal to (vts)/be a magnet for somebody亲身体验(n) first-hand experience多种感官体验的（如听觉，触觉等） multi-sensory(adj)相互了解 mutual understanding 把游客和当地人隔离 seclude/isolate(vts) the tourist from the locals商业化 commercialise/commodity(vts)欺骗游客的手段 tourist traps冲突 conflict(n,vi+with)争端(n) discord/dissension间接体验（如通过电视或互联网n） srcond-hand experience/vicarience experience文化遗产 cultural heritage互联网不会让旅游业过时 the Internet will not render tourism obsolete语言 一种可以通用的语言 a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language英语被广泛使用 the proliferation(n) of English英语的统治地位 the dominant role/the ascendancy/the hegemony of English方言 dialect(n)/vernacular/the indigenous language小语种将会消亡 lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete(adj)小语种的消亡（n） the extinct/demise of lesser-known languages1 文化遗产包括有形和无形的两种 有形的如历史遗址，无形的如风俗习惯 仪式 传统道德观念等 cultural heritage can be divided into two groups:tangible cultural heritage,such as historic sites and intangible cultural heritage,such as customs,rites,rituals and mores, etc.保护 preserve (vt)祖先 forefathers/ancestors后代 descendants/posterity后面一个是不可数名词3 少数民族 ethnic minorities民族团结 the harmony(n) between ethnic groups/races文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis(n)互相影响 interaction文化多元性 cultural diversity丰富（v） enrich(vt)狭隘的观念 insular/provincial/parochial(adjs)/parochial(adjs) mentality贬低（v） deprecate/denigrate/minimize(vts) the importance of /disparage/trivialize/discredit(vts)。不是一成不变的 sth. is not set/carved in stone题1：In modern society, international travel has become so popular. Do the problems brought from international travel outweigh the advantages?2011.01.27 Some people think that it is necessary to travel abroad to learn about other countries, but other people think that it is not necessary to travel abroad because all the information can be seen at TV and the internet.Discuss both opinions and give your own opinion.给出数据，直接表态。最新数据表明国际旅游已成为全球最大的产业，每年赚取超过1000亿 美元的利润。 当地的人可以见到背景完全不同的人，并且愿意与他们进行贸易。尽管如此，很多人说国际旅游问题大于优势。事实上，我不赞成。国际旅游的好处：国际旅游的受欢迎程度在扩大人们的视野上极具优势的。在过去，绝大部分中国人对于外面的世界只有一点点认识，也无视来自国外不同的生活方式和风俗习惯。随着国际旅游在中国的升温，越来越多的外国游客来到中国，在这里有一段深刻的记忆。他们的访问使得更多的中国人有机会走近外国人，并且开始注意他们的外表，服装，语言和生活方式。 今天，大多数中国人对于世界有更宽阔的认识。同样，旅客对中国的宗教、文化和艺术也有了更好的认识。坏处：当然，也有少数当地人和外国游客冲突的反馈信息。在一些现实情况中，当地人可能认为外国人的表现是充满敌意和不友好的，所以他们做一些事情来伤害他们。但是，总之，在今天，当这个世界变得越来越开放的时候，旅游机构给游客在如何尊重当地风俗习惯等方面有更多的警告和建议。自己的观点：总之一句话，我完全相信国际旅游应该受鼓励，因为它的优势的确是决定性的。当然，为了使旅游更重要，印象更深刻，在起飞前提前去了解必要的风俗习惯，是非常值得提倡的。2.教育类In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.现在很多国家的年轻人在读完高中之后暂停学业已经非常普遍了。这种趋势不止局限于有钱去旅行的富学生，同样在毕业后选择工作并变得在一段时期之内经济独立的穷学生当中也不少见。这种趋势的原因可能跟一种认识有关，即一个年轻人毕业后直接上大学在对于世界的总体认识和体验方面非常有限。相反的，那些花时间去别的地方旅行或工作的人对生活有更宽阔的认识，也有更多人力资源。他们倾向于更独立，这对于学术学习和研究方面是一个很重要的因素，同样使他们在处理学生生活的挑战方面更加有优势。但是，在如此重要的年龄离开学校当然是有风险的。年轻人可能再也不会回学校，或者发现适应学校的环境很难。他们可能认为继续工作会更好，或者做一些跟大学课程完全无关的事情。但是总体而言，我觉得今天这种可能性很小，当学习资历对于获得一份体面职业很重要的时候。我的观点是，年轻人应该被鼓励去开阔视野。这样他们清楚自己在生活中希望做什么和为什么的最好方式。有这样的想法的学生通常是最有效最有动力的人，而抽出一年的时间去旅行或工作是获得这些的最好方式。阅读材料：Some people believe that culture will be ruined if it is used to earn tourism revenue, but others consider that tourism is the only way of protecting a culture. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.There is little room for doubt that tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world. However, its impact on culture remains a source of constant debate. This essay will elaborate on both positive and negative effects of tourism from a cultural perspective.Providing economic incentives for cultural preservation is unarguably one of the main contributions of tourism. To many tourists, culture and history are what they first consider when choosing a destination. Their mindset has been recognised by many tourism sites and money has been invested in cultural protection. Tourism is therefore one of the primary forces contributing to the preservation of a culture.In addition to raising financing, tourism can make an indigenous culture known to the world and rally suppor worldwide to protect it. When a historic site or a site that shows a countrys cultural heritage is made accessible to the public, visitors from all over the world will soon flock there. They will share their experience in the local culture with their friends and families once they return home, assisting this site to gain international fame. Both financial and technological support will flood in for the conservation of natural and cultural resources.On the negative side, tourism develops sometimes at the expense of part of culture. Food, festivals, costumes and other elements of a culture are highlighted to entertain tourists, constituting an insult to the locals and causing damage to the unique nature of a culture. Moreover, cultural commersialisation has made the sacred elements of a culture commonplace and tourists are encouraged to attach little importanec to a unique tradition.Considering these facts, one can conclude that tourism is neither a boon or a bane to cultural preservation. While its efforts to protect an