2017-2018学年八年级英语下册RevisionModuleB词句精讲精练含解析新版外研版.docx

Revision module B词汇精讲1. dream（1）dream 作动词，意为“做梦，梦见，渴望，向往”等意，既可以做及物动词，也可以做不及物动词。意为“做梦 时，后跟同源名词dream做宾语；意为“梦见”时，常和about连用；意为“渴望、向往、考虑”等时, 常和of连用。例如：She dreamed a good dream last night. 她昨晚做了个美梦。I sometimes dream about my good friends. 我时常梦见我的好朋友。I dream of becoming a doctor. 我渴望成为一名医生。（2）dream 作名词，意为“梦，愿望，心愿”等。例如：Its my dream to win a Nobel Prize. 我的理想是获得诺贝尔奖。Her dream has come true. 她的愿望变成了现实。2. discoverdiscover是动词，意为“发现”，其后可接名词、代词、疑问词+不定式及that从句等。例如：We never discovered how to open the door. 我们从未弄清楚如何打开那个门。【拓展】(1) discover意为“发现”，指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。例如：China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中国在南海发现了石油。(2) find意为“找到、发现”，指偶然发现或经过一番寻找，找到值得或所需的东西，强调找的结果。例如：I found the keys I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的钥匙。(3) find out意为“查明白、弄清楚”，多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况，查出的东西往往是抽象的，如时间、事实、真相等。例如：Please find out when the meeting will start. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。(4) invent意为“发明”，指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。例如：Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。3. be good atbe good at 意为“擅长”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例如：Im good at playing tennis. 我擅长打网球。We should be good at learning from each other. 我们应该善于互相学习。【拓展】(1) be good for意为 “对有好处”。例如：Eating more vegetables is good for our health. 多吃蔬菜对我们的健康有好处。(2) be good with=get on well with意为“与相处得好”。例如：Tom is very good with the children.= Tom is getting on with the children. 汤姆与这些孩子处得很好。 (3) be good /kind /nice to意为“对好”。例如：My friend was good to me when I was ill. 我生病时我的朋友对我关怀备至。4. exercise（1）作不及物动词，意为“锻炼、运动”。例如： How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？ I exercise three times every week. 我每周锻炼三次。（2）作不可数名词，意为“锻炼、运动”，常与动词take连用。例如：Exercise makes me keep healthy. 运动使我保持健康。Some old people take exercise in the park in the morning.一些老人家清晨在公园做运动。（3）作可数名词，意为“练习；操”。例如：We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。They do English exercises to help us learn English well.他们做英语练习以便学好英语。5. lead（1）lead作动词，意为“引导，带领”。 例如：The teacher leads me in / out. 那个老师带我进来/出去。The road leads you to the station. 这条路引导你到车站。（2）lead to后接名词或动词-ing形式,表示“导致，通向”。例如：The heavy rain led to a flood. 大雨导致了洪水。All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。（3）lead sb. to do sth. 表示“致使/诱惑某人做某事”。例如：What led you to think so? 什么使你这么想呢？Salesmen try to lead people to buy things they do not need.生意人尽力怂恿人们买他们并不需要的东西。6. as a resultas a result为习惯用语，意为“因此；结果”。例如：She defeated all competitors and won the scholarship as a result。她击败了所有的竞争者，最终赢得了奖学金。The traffic was very heavy and as a result they didnt arrive on time.交通十分拥挤，因此他们没能准时到达。【拓展】as a result of 意为“由于”。例如：He was late as a result of the heavy rain.由于大雨他迟到了。His heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.久病使他的心脏受到一些损伤。7. fillfill表示“装满，填满”，可用作及物和不及物动词，通常与介词 with 连用。例如：Everything is filled with new life.万物充满了生气。He filled the bottle with water. 他把瓶子装满了水。【拓展】full作为形容词，意为“充满的”。be full of 意为“充满的”。例如：Please tell him the full story.请将全部情况告诉他。The train was traveling at full speed.火车正全速前进。The room is full of children. 房间里全是孩子。8. includeinclude作动词，意为“包括；包含”。例如：The price for the hotel includes breakfast. 旅店的费用包括早餐在内。The bag included a dictionary. 那包里有一本字典。【拓展】including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括在内”。例如：There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham.有很多种月饼，包括水果的，咖啡的和火腿月饼。There are 40 students in the classroom, including her.班里有40名学生，包括她在内。词汇精练I. 英汉词组互译。1. cant wait to do sth. _ 2. spenddoing sth. _3. 上网_ 4搜索_5. 忍不住做某事 _ 6. win the heart of sb._7. 到目前为止_ 8. count down_9. 邀请某人做某事_ 10with a smile on ones face _11太而不能 12tidy up_ II. 根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。1. I always feel n_ to have a speech. What should I do? 2. We should feel p_ of our country. 3. He doesnt know how to i_ his English. 4. Are you looking f_ to visiting the Great Wall? 5. Shes g_ to America，so you cant see her now 6. Fast food is not h_ and once I got a stomachache 7. We often get exercise by _(go) out for a walk after dinner 8. They _(live) there in the past three years 9. Lily l_ the blind man across the road on her way home yesterday 10. She likes to c_coins III. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. He spent much time _(watch) TV. 2. Thanks for _(help) us. 3. They _(arrive) in a few days. 4. We _ already _ (seen) the film. We _ (see) it last week. 5. _ the young woman ever _(travel) to England? 6. We all know the earth _(go)around the sun 7. I expect _(have) a good time in the zoo. 8. She often practises _(speak) English in the morning 【参考答案】I. 英汉词组互译。1. 迫不及待做某事 2. 花费做某事 3go online4search for 5. cant help doing sth. 6. 赢得某人的心7. so far 8. 倒计时 9. invite sb. to do sth. 10脸上带着微笑 11too.to. 12打扫；收拾II. 根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。1. nervous 2. proud 3. improve 4. forward 5. gone6. healthy 7going 8have lived 9. led 10collectIII. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.watching 2.helping 3.will arrive 4. have, seen, saw 5. Has, travelled 6.goes 7. to have 8. speaking句式精讲1. Im afraid I dont like cheese.Im afraid意为“恐怕”，后接句子，常用于表示令人不快或难以实现的事。例如：Im afraid its going to rain. 恐怕要下雨了。Im afraid its not a good idea. 恐怕那不是一个好主意。Im afraid we cant go to your birthday party. 恐怕我们不能去参加你的生日聚会。【拓展】be afraid of 意为“害怕”。of是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。Im afraid of the dog. 我怕狗。2. Ive stopped trying now.stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”。例如：He stopped watching TV and began to read English.他不看电视了，开始读英语。【拓展】（1）stop后还可以接动词不定式，即stop to do sth意为“停下来原来做的事，做另一件事”。例如：When the teacher came, he stopped to do his homework.当老师进来时，他停下来开始做作业。（2）stop还可以构成短语stop somebody/something from doing something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。例如：The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。3. have been/have gone（1）have been to地点名词，表示“曾经去过某地”，但现在不在那里, 后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。例如：My father has been to Beijing twice我父亲去过北京两次。I have never been to the Great Wall我从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？（2）have gone to地点名词, 表示“去了某地”，可能已经达到或者在路途中，不在说话的现场。如果have gone to后接地点副词时，要省略to。例如：Mr. Wang isnt hereHe has gone to Qingdao王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。Where is Jim？吉姆在哪里？He has gone to America他去美国了。4. I cant help laughing when I watch them.cant help doing sth. 意为“禁不住做某事”。例如：I couldnt help crying when I heard the bad news.当我听到那个坏消息时，禁不住哭了。【拓展】help的常见用法：（1）help sb. with sth.或help sb. (to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如：I have to help my parents with the housework. 我得帮助我的父母做家务。Sometimes I help my mother do the cooking. 有时候我帮我母亲做饭。（2）help oneself to. 意为“随便用”。例如：Help yourself to some fish. 随便吃点鱼吧。（3）with the help of 意为“在的帮助下”。例如：I work out the problem with the help of the computer.借助电脑，我解决了这个问题。5. I run out of chocolate!run out of意为“用完，用尽”，相当于use up。We have run out of paper.我们的纸用完了。【拓展】 run out与run out of的辨析：run out意为“用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为表示“时间、食物、金钱等”词；而run out of意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。例如：Youd better go home before your money runs out.你最好别等钱花光再回家。We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood.我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。6. and it depends on your personal choice.depend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等，只用作不及物动词，通常与介词 on, upon 连用，有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。主要用法有：(1) depend on/upon某人或某物 例如：Whether well go camping depends on the weather.我们是否去野营要看天气。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.儿童的衣食靠父母。(2) depend on /upon从句 例如：Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。The amount you pay depends on where you live.你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。(3)口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。 例如：Are you going too? 你也去吗?That depends. 那要看情况。句式精练I. 句型变换。1. I spent two hours on my homework last night.（改为同义句）_ took me two hours _ finish my homework. 2. He has a wonderful time in China. (改为同义句)He _ _ in China. 3. They havent seen each otherfor years(就划线部分提问)_ _ _they seen each other?4. This factory opened twenty years ago(改为同义句)This factory _ _ _ for twenty years5. Her brother has been a Party member for three years(改为同义句)Her brother _ the Party three years _6I think the ending is happy(改为否定旬)I _ _ the ending _ happy 7Both Tom and Mary like English(改为同义句)_ _ Tom _ _ Mary _ English. 8Youd better ask the policeman for help(改为否定句)Youd better _ _ the policeman for help II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1. 汤尝起来很好。The soup _ _. 2. 恐怕我要迟到了。I _ _ I _ be late. 3. 我不可能同陌生人交谈。Its _ for me _ _ _ strangers 4宇宙飞船已经到达月球。The _ has _ _ the moon5这个男孩是我们学校篮球队成员之一。The boy is a _ _ our school basketball team6我今天感觉不舒服。Im not _ _ today 7. 卡通片仍然受到孩子和老人们的欢迎。Cartoons are still _ _ children and people. 8很多学生有爱好，例如：读书、画画等。Many students have _，_ _ _ and _. III. 补全对话。根据对话内容及方框中所给的句子补全对话。选项中有一项是多余的。A. Theres a concert in Central Park this Saturday. B. We want to go somewhere on Saturday.C. The water park doesnt cost much. D. Do you two want to go? E. Come to listen to local jazz group Blu