秸秆微贮技术适应性强存贮方便经济效益好增收致富快.doc

秸秆微贮技术适应性强存贮方便经济效益好增收致富快众所周知，玉米、小麦秸秆通过添加微生物发酵剂处理后，可变成适口性好的微贮饲料，但这仅是生物技术，制作手段方便与否，成为该技术能否推广的关键。北京市农机局试验鉴定推广站试验、示范的微贮加工的机械化技术，采用专用设备将秸秆揉搓粉碎，喷洒菌液（由生物菌剂配置而成）由人工掺混后，用压捆机压成80100kg左右的高密度草捆，然后装入特制塑料袋密封，储存30天后，便可以饲喂。解决了牛羊等草食性动物养殖过程中饲草加工技术落后的生产难题。As everyone knows, corn, wheat straw by adding microbial agent treatment, can be turned into micro storage feed palatability is good, but this is only the biological technology, the means of production is convenient or not, become the key technology in the extension of. Beijing City Bureau of agriculture machinery promotion test station identification micro storage processing test, demonstration of mechanization technology, using special equipment will be straw rubbing and crushing, spraying bacteria liquid (by biological agents configured) by manual mixing, with high density baler pressed into bales of 80 100kg or so, and then into a special plastic bag sealed, and stored for 30 days, can feed. Solved the difficult problems in the production of forage grass processing technology behind the cattle and other herbivorous animal breeding process.1 微贮机械化技术工艺及要求1 micro storage mechanization technology and requirements1.1适用微贮作物种类包括带穗和收穗后的玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆及苜蓿等作物。作业环境要求：作业场地附近要有三项电源，功率不小于30kw，距水源较劲，作业现场地面平整，有一定面积的露天物料堆放地，机械作业现场有50的水泥地面厂房，高度距地面不应低于3.2m；成品存放地应为地势较高、地面平整的库房。1.1 application of silage crops including ear and corn straw, wheat straw and spike after alfalfa and other crops. Homework: Homework environment near the site should have three power supply, power is not less than 30kW, the distance from the water source of rivalry, ground leveling site, open a certain area of piling up material, mechanical operation site has 50 square meters of ground cement plant, the height from the ground shall not be less than 3.2m; storage of product shall be the higher ground, the ground flat warehouse.1.2微贮方式及工艺流程、作业要点1.2 micro storage mode and process flow, operation essentials(1) 微贮方式 直接青贮（鲜玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆或苜蓿草等）；黄贮方式（农作物秸秆晾晒一定时间）;干贮方式（秸秆堆放干以后）。(1) micro storage mode (direct silage corn straw, wheat straw and alfalfa etc.); yellow storage mode (crop straw drying time); dry storage mode (after the straw stacked stem).(2) 工艺流程 秸秆揉碎均匀喷洒菌剂压捆捆绳套袋密封存放。(2) the process of straw rubber, uniform spraying agents to bale, rope and bagging sealing and storing.(3) 作业要点(3).秸秆粉碎揉搓。使用9RC700型揉搓机，该机采用同类机器的成熟技术开发设计，结构合理、紧凑、性能可靠，配套动力15kw电机（也可配相应柴油机），可将含水率70%以下的青、黄、干玉米等农作物秸秆进行揉搓粉碎，加工成丝条状，经这一加工过程，破坏了秸秆表面硬质茎节，把牛、羊不能直接采食的部分加工成适口性好的饲料，不损失其营养成分，便于牛、羊的消化吸收。加工青秸秆时生产率可达45t/h。The straw crushing and rubbing. The use of 9RC - 700 type kneading machine, mature technology development and design of this machine adopts similar machines, reasonable structure, compact, reliable performance, supporting dynamic 15kw motor (also can be equipped with corresponding diesel engine), the moisture content below 70% of the green, yellow, dry crops such as corn straw rubbing crushing, processing to tear into strips after this, a process, destroy the straw surface hard stem nodes, the cattle, sheep can not directly feeding part processed into feed palatability good, no loss of nutrients, easy digestion and absorption of bovine, sheep. Processing green stalk productivity up to 4 - 5t/h.活性菌体添加。将一小袋菌剂倒入200300ml的水中（冬天使用温水）搅拌均匀活化，两个小时后即可制备菌液；根据活原料含水率，配置菌液，使微贮料的含水率控制在60%-70%，每袋活幸福菌剂可制作11.2t微贮饲料。The active cell is added. Will be a small bag of bacteria into the 200 - 300ml water (warm water use of winter) mixing evenly activation, preparation of bacteria after two hours to live; according to the moisture content of raw materials, configuration of bacteria liquid, aqueous micro storage rate control in 60%-70%, each bag of live happiness agent can produce 1 - 1.2t microbial silage.打捆。使用YD110型饲料压捆机，能够将揉搓粉碎的玉米、小麦、稻谷等农作物秸秆经加入活性菌体后压成高密度草捆，压缩成捆的草捆含水率为50%-60%，重量为80100kg。草捆尺寸：80cm50cm40cm。压捆机配套动力为7.5kw电机，液压油缸工作压力为10t，生产率6-8捆/h。压捆设备还可用于打干草捆。捆绳用专用草捆打捆绳，在压捆机压紧状态下，捆扎草捆。 bundling. The use of YD - 110 type forage baler, will be able to rub the corn and wheat, rice and other crops straw crushed by adding activated cell after pressure into high density baler, compressed into water grass bundle rate was 50%-60%, the weight of 80 - 100kg. Bale size: 80cm x 50cm x 40cm. Baler matching power for the 7.5kW motor, hydraulic cylinder working pressure is 10t, the productivity of 6-8 - /h. Baling device can also be used to hit the hay. The rope tying rope with special bale, the baler compaction condition, strapping bale.套袋。 用微贮专用塑料袋，将压实的草捆套袋扎口密封。套袋时不要将袋刮破。The bag. Using a special plastic storage bags, bagging compaction will bale tying seal. Dont scratch will bag bag.1.3注意事项在作业与搬运过程中，保证密封袋不被刮破，袋口扎结实，不松动；粉碎设备尽量选用揉搓机，以保证微贮质量；保证存放期间塑料袋不被老鼠咬破。1.3 cautions in operation and handling process, to ensure the sealing bag is not cut, the bag tied firm, not loose; crushing equipment to use rubbing machine, in order to ensure the quality of silage; ensure the storage period of plastic bags not bitten by rats.2 微贮机械化技术的优势2 micro storage mechanization technology advantage2.1作业期长，适应性广，存贮方便2.1 operating period is long, wide adaptability, convenient storage每年的6-8月，可以加工存贮麦秸；9月至来年的4月，可以加工存贮玉米等农作物秸秆，可以说一年四季均可生产，设备利用率高；微贮技术对物料的适用性广，无论鲜嫩、半干、全干农作物秸秆都能进行微贮，是其他存贮方式无法比拟的。Every 6-8 months, can be processed stored wheat straw; September to April next year, can be processed to store crops such as corn stalks, can say all year round production, high equipment utilization; microbial technology for material with wide applicability, whether fresh, dry, dry crop stalks can be micro storage, other storage incomparable.2.2设备投入小，适应性强2.2 small investment in equipment, strong adaptability购买一套微贮设备只需1万-2万元，一家一户可以买得起，适应各种规模的养殖小区及个体养殖户使用，也可利用该技术设备进行社会化服务，从事饲料存贮专业加工。The purchase of a micro storage device only needs 10000 -2 yuan, one can afford to buy, to adapt to a variety of scale farming community and individual farmers to use, can also be carried out social service using the technology and equipment, professional engaged in feed storage processing.2.3微贮饲料适口性好，采食量高，消化率高，秸秆经微贮后，可使粗硬秸秆变软，并具有酸甜香味，刺激了家畜的食欲，从而提高了采食量，增加肉、奶的产量和品质。2.3 microbial feed palatability, feed intake, digestibility, straw through the micro after storage, the coarse straw become soft, and with sweet and sour flavor, to stimulate the appetite of livestock, thereby increasing the feed intake, increase the meat, milk yield and quality.2.4