2019届中考英语复习第一篇语言基础知识第12课八下Units5_6基础知识.docx

第12课 八下 Units 56课前预热中考词汇拓展重点易错单词1. alarm 闹钟2. window 窗3. against 倚；碰撞；反对4. fallen 倒下的；落下的5. realize 理解；领会；认识到6. pupil 学生7. date 日期8. weak 虚弱的；无力的9. remind 提醒；使想起10. excite 使激动；使兴奋11. couple 夫妻；两个；两件事物12. smile 微笑13. marry 结婚14. nobody 没有人15. husband 丈夫16. whole 全部的；整体的17. voice 声音18. rise/rose/risen 升起；增加；提高词汇拓展1. heavy（adj.） heavily （adv.）在很大程度上；大量地2. sudden（adj.） suddenly （adv.）突然；忽然3. wind（n.） windy （adj.）多风的4. wood（n.） wooden （adj.）木制的；木头的5. beat（v.） beat （过去式） beaten （过去分词）敲打；打败6. sleep（v.） asleep （adj.）睡着的 sleepy （adj.）困乏的7. fall（v.） fell （过去式）倒下；落下 fallen （过去分词）（adj.）倒下的；落下的 falling （现在分词）8. ice（n.） icy （adj.）覆盖着冰的；冰冷的9. complete（adj.） completely （adv.）彻底地；完全地10. silence（n.） silent （adj.）不说话的；沉默的11. recent（adj.） recently （adv.）不久前；最近12. shoot（v.） shot （过去式/过去分词）射击；发射13. hide（v.） hid （过去式） hidden （过去分词）隐蔽；隐藏14. magic（adj.） magical （adj.）有魔力的；有神奇力量的 magician （n.）魔术师15. excite（v.） excited （adj.）感到激动的；感到兴奋的 exciting （adj.）使人兴奋的；令人激动的 excitement （n.）激动；兴奋16. west（n.） Western （adj.）西方国家的；（尤其）欧美的；西方的17. gold（n. & adj.） golden （adj.）金色的18. wife（n.） wives （pl.）妻子19. lead（v.） leader （n.）领导者；指挥者 led （过去式/过去分词）带路；领路20. rise（v.） rose （过去式） risen （过去分词）升起；增加；提高21. strange（adj.） stranger （n.）陌生人22. brave（adj.） bravely （adv.）勇敢地中考词组短语词 组1. go off发出响声2. pick up接电话；捡起3. fall asleep睡着4. die down逐渐消失5. make ones way前往；费力地前进6. in silence沉默7. take down拆除8. at first首先9. a little bit silly有点愚蠢10. instead of代替11. fall in love爱上12. get married结婚13. at the time of the rainstorm在下暴风雨时14. be busy doing/with忙于做15. make sure确保16. in a mess乱成一团17. help each other in times of difficulty 在困难时互相帮助18. be in bad shape变形19. wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事20. be completely shocked完全震惊21. have meaning to sb. 对某人来说有意义22. have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难23. stop breathing停止呼吸24. be important to sb. 对某人来说重要25. be deeply moved/touched by. 被深深感动26. for the first time第一次27. make changes to ones shape and size改变形状和大小28. keep fighting to help the weak坚持战斗来保护弱者29. walk to the other side走到另一边30. hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事31. in the moonlight在月光下32. not.until. 直到才33. be/get lost迷路中考句型回顾书面表达素材1. 事件的描述和评论People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.人们经常记得当他们听到历史上重大事件的消息时，他们在做什么。Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. 当雨水开始激烈拍打窗户的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。They joined the neighbors to help clean up the neighborhood together.他们加入了邻居们，一起帮忙打扫社区。 Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together .尽管暴风雨使很多东西支离破碎，但它使家人和邻居之间的关系更紧密了。2. 故事人物的描述和评论He can turn himself into different animals and objects. 他能把自己变成不同的动物和物体。But the story is trying to show us that anything is possible if you work hard !Yu Gong kept trying and didnt give up . 但是故事试图向我们说明：如果你努力工作，任何事情都是有可能的！愚公一直尝试，从不放弃。 Once upon a time , there was an emperor.从前，有一个国王语法精萃Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 因为它们如此之大，以至于走到另一边要花很长时间。（so.that.）You wont be successful unless you work hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你不会成功。（unless）Jenny was helping Mary with her homework while Linda wassleeping .当琳达在睡觉时，珍妮正在帮助玛丽做作业。（过去进行时）We were eating dinner in the kitchen when we heard the news on the radio. 当我们在收音机上听到这个消息时，我们正在厨房里吃饭。The boy opened his book as soon as the teacher came in.老师一进来这男孩就打开课本。（as soon as）课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、remind的用法【例句展示】The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.这音乐使我想起了巴西舞曲。【精讲辨析】1. remind of意为“提醒；使记起”。如：That song always reminds me of our English teacher.那首歌总让我想起我们的英语老师。2. remind sb. to do sth. 意为“提醒某人做某事”。如：Please remind me to answer that letter.请提醒我回复那封信。3. remind sb.+that从句。如：This story reminds us that you can never know whats possible unless you try to make it happen.这个故事提醒我们你永远不可能知道什么是可能的，除非你尽力使它发生。【活学活用】根据汉语提示完成句子。Action movies_ （使记起） me of Jackie Chan.二、interest的用法【例句展示】1. The boy has much interest in drawing.=The boy is interested in drawing.这男孩对画画很感兴趣。2. He told me an interesting story.他告诉了我一个有趣的故事。【精讲辨析】1. interest作名词时，意为“兴趣”，相关短语：a place of interest名胜古迹；作动词时，意为“使感兴趣”。2. interested是形容词，意为“感兴趣的”，相关短语：be interested in=take an interest in对感兴趣。3. interesting是形容词，意为“有趣的；令人感兴趣的”，表示某物本身是有趣的。【活学活用】用interest的适当形式填空。1. The science story is so_that all of the boys show great_in it.2. If youre_in it, it will become easy.三、give up的用法【例句展示】1. His mother didnt give up trying to help him.他妈妈未放弃尽自己的努力去帮助他。2. I will try my best to give up smoking.我将尽最大努力戒烟。【精讲辨析】1. give up意为“放弃”，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，但不能接不定式。2. 与give相关的短语还有：give back归还；give away捐赠；give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.给某人某物；give sb. a hand帮助某人；give sb. a call 给某人打电话；give in屈服，让步；give off发出气味；give out分发。【活学活用】用适当的词填空。1. I can tell you some ways to give_the bad habits.2. I need to give_some of these old baby clothes.3. You have no right to give my phone number_ him.4. He gave me_the money I lent him.四、way的用法【例句展示】1. People celebrate Halloween in many ways.人们用很多方式庆祝万圣节。2. On my way home, I often buy school things from the shop.在回家的路上，我经常在这家店里买学习用品。3. When the school basketball competition started, Kate was still making her way to school.本校篮球赛开始时，凯特仍然在前往学校的路上。【精讲辨析】way作名词，意为“路；道路；方式；方法”。相关短语：in many ways用很多方式；in different ways用不同方式；in this way用这种方法；in the same way用同样的方式；by the way顺便问一下；on ones way home在某人回家的路上；the way to到的路；make ones way前往。【活学活用】用适当的词或短语填空。1. Would you please show me the way_ the bank?Yes, go straight ahead. Its across from a school.2. Do more exercise after class, and_you will become healthier and stronger soon.五、against的用法【例句展示】1. Our teacher asked us to write down the reasons against becoming a professional athlete.我们老师要我们写下反对成为专业运动员的理由。2. There is a ladder against the wall.有一架梯子靠在墙上。【精讲辨析】against是介词，意为“反对；和交战（竞争、比赛）；不利于；依靠着”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。其反义词为for，意为“赞成；支持”。相关短语：play against与打对抗赛。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 没人反对这个提议。No one_the proposal.2. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。Red flags stand out brightly_the blue sky.六、finish doing的用法【例句展示】1. As soon as the man finished talking, Yu Gong said that his family could continue to move the mountains after he died.这个人一说完，愚公就说，他死后他的家人将继续移山。2. When will he finish his college course? 他何时大学毕业？【精讲辨析】1. finish此处为及物动词，意为“完成”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。2. 与finish一样，在与动词连用时，只能用动名词形式作宾语的常见动词及短语有：enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事keep （on） doing sth. 继续/一直做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事have fun doing sth. 高兴地做某事feel like doing sth. 想要做某事look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。May I have a rest? I have already finished （write） the report.中考重点句型一、What were you doing when the rainstorm came?当暴风雨来的时候，你在做什么？【例句展示】1. When the teacher came in, we were talking.当老师进来的时候，我们正在讨论。2. While we were talking, the teacher came in.当我们正在讨论的时候，老师进来了。3. My mother was cooking while my father was washing the car.当爸爸在洗车时，妈妈正在做饭。4. Could you please look after my flowers while I am out?当我出去时，你能照顾一下我的花吗？【归纳提高】1. “was/were+现在分词”为过去进行时态的结构，表示过去某一时间里正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2. when与while都可引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”，但也有区别。（1）when既指时间点，也可指时间段；从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生；主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。（2）while只指时间段；从句中的动词必须是延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生；若从句与主句动作同时发生，主从句都用进行时。（3）when和while还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而；却”，表对照关系。（4）when可以用于表示“一就”的句型中，若主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。【活学活用】A）用适当的词填空。1._I was in the US, I made a lot of American friends.B）用所给词的适当形式填空。2. I phoned you at 7:00 this morning. But there was no answer.Well, maybe I_（do） morning exercises at that time.3. He_（read） a book when the rainstorm came.二、so.that.如此以至于【例句展示】The mountains were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.山是如此之大以至于走到山的另一边要花费很长时间。【归纳提高】1. so.that.在这里引导结果状语从句，表示“如此以至于”，so是副词，后面常跟形容词或副词，that后面是表示结果的状语从句。如：Tony runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.托尼跑得非常快，没有人能追上他。2. such.that.也表示“如此以至于”，such后面跟名词。如：He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.他非常聪明，大家都喜欢他。【活学活用】用适当的词填空。1. It was_lovely weather_we decided to spend the day on the beach.2. I was_scared_I couldnt move.三、What a long time you slept in the forest!你们在森林里睡了那么久！【例句展示】1. What an interesting story!=How interesting the story is!多么有趣的故事！2. What wonderful ideas （we have）!（我们有）多么好的主意啊！3. How time flies!时间过得多么快啊！【归纳提高】感叹句通常由what, how引导，表示赞美、惊讶、喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或动词。感叹句结构主要有以下几种：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+（主语+谓语）！What+形容词+可数名词复数+（主语+谓语）！What+形容词+不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！How+形容词或副词！How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How+主语+谓语！【活学活用】用适当的词填空。1. Did you enjoy the party last night?Very much._wonderful the party was!2._good advice the teacher gave me!四、It doesnt seem very possible to move amountain.移山似乎是不太可能的。【例句展示】1. He seems very angry.=He seems to be very angry. 他好像非常生气。2. Tom seems （to be） a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。3. Mrs. Green doesnt seem to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。4. It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。5. There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team.看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。6. There seems no need to wait longer. 看来没有再等的必要了。【归纳提高】1. seem此处作连系动词，意为“似乎；好像”，后跟形容词作表语，可以和seem to be相互转换。2. “主语+seem+（to be）+表语”结构中，表语多为名词或形容词，以说明主语的特征或状态。3. “主语+seem+不定式”结构中，seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。4. “It seems+that从句”结构中，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。5. “There+seem to be+名词”结构中，to be可省略，seem的单复数要由后面的名词决定。【活学活用】用seem的适当形式填空。1. Mr. Black_to be quite happy yesterday.2. It_that he will not come again.中考词语辨析一、whole与all【例句展示】1. I really want to know the whole story.我真的很想知道整个故事。2. Miss Green knew all the students in the class.格林小姐认识这个班上的所有学生。【辨异突破】1. whole用来修饰可数名词（名词用单数），强调一个完整如一、互不分割的整体。whole在句中的位置是放在所有格、冠词和指示代词后。2. all既能修饰可数名词（名词用复数），又能修饰不可数名词，强调由一个个部分组成的“全部”。all在句中的位置是放在所有格、定冠词和指示代词之前。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 他们将到加拿大度过整个假期。They will spend their_holiday in Canada.2. 吉姆在一个小时之内完成了所有的作业。Jim finished_his homework in an hour.二、hear sb. doing sth. 与 hear sb. do sth.【例句展示】1. I heard him singing when I walked past the shop yesterday. 昨天我路过商店时，听见他正在唱歌。2. I often hear her sing in the evening.我经常听见她在晚上唱歌。【辨异突破】1. hear sb. doing sth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。2. hear sb. do sth.意为“听到某人做了某事”或“经常听到某人做某事”，强调动作的全过程，表示经常做或动作已经完成。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。Is Tom in the next room?Well, its hard to say. But I heard him_（speak） loudly when I passed by just now.三、noise, voice与sound【例句展示】1. Tony heard some strange noises every night these days.这几晚托尼听到一些奇怪的声响。2. There must be something wrong with the car. It makes lots of noise.这辆车一定是哪里坏了。它发出很多噪音。3. I heard the sound of running water.我听到水流的声音。4. Please speak in a louder voice. 请说响一点。【辨异突破】noise, voice和sound都与声音有关，但也有区别。1. noise表示“噪音；吵闹声”，指的是人们不愿听到的声音、嘈杂声。它可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词。2. sound泛指任何声音，不论其高低、是否悦耳等。3. voice指人说话或歌唱的声音。【活学活用】用noise, voice或sound填空。1. Stop making so much_ . The children are sleeping.2. He answered in a low_.3. Can you hear the_of children playing in the park?四、suit与fit【例句展示】1. The color/style of the shirt suits you best.这件衬衫的颜色/款式最适合你。2. The man doesnt suit our qualifications（条件）.这男的不符合我们的条件。3. The shoes dont fit him. Theyre too big.这鞋不适合他。它们太大了。【辨异突破】suit和fit都有“适合”之意，但用法却不同。1. suit意为“适合”，指衣服、鞋等在颜色、款式、美观上的适合，如例1，另外还指适合某人的要求，如例2。2. fit意为“适合”，指衣服、鞋等在尺寸上的适合，强调大小合适。【活学活用】用suit或fit的适当形式填空。The color of the dress_me well, but it doesnt_me. Please get me a larger size.五、sleep, sleepy, asleep与sleeping【例句展示】1. Be quiet. The old man is sleeping.安静点。这老人在睡觉。2. It seems that you havent got enough sleep.看上去你睡眠不足。3. She suddenly started to feel very sleepy.她突然觉得非常困倦。4. Is the baby still asleep?这小孩还在睡吗？5. Did you take the sleeping bag with you?你带着这个睡袋吗？【辨异突破】1. sleep为动词，意为“睡；睡觉”，强调“睡”这种状态，如例1。也可用作名词，如例2。2. sleepy为形容词，意为“困倦的；瞌睡的”，表示要睡的状态。3. asleep为形容词，意为“睡着的”，强调熟睡的状态，常和fall连用。4. sleeping为动名词，常作定语，说明所修饰的名词的性质或作用。如：sleeping bag睡袋；sleeping car卧铺车厢【活学活用】用sleep的适当形式填空。1. Please turn off the TV. The baby_ .OK, Ill go out for a walk.2. I feel a little_now because I went to_ late last night.3. He was so tired that he fell_soon.六、take, cost, spend与pay【例句展示】1. It takes me three hours to do my homework.做作业花了我三个小时。2. The shirt cost me $20.这件衬衫花了我20美元。3. He spent two days collecting the information.他花了两天时间收集信息。4. Mr. Green paid $10 for his bill.格林先生为他的账单付了10美元。【辨异突破】take, cost, spend和pay都是动词，都有“花费”的意思，但用法不同。1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.是常用句型，意为“某人花费多少时间干某事”，其中it是形式主语，to do sth.为动词不定式作真正的主语。2. cost通常用某物来作主语，表示“（某物）值；花费”，通常指花费金钱。3. spend通常用人作主语，表示“（某人）花费；付出”，可指花费时间或金钱，指时间时常与in搭配（in可省略），后接动词-ing形式，指金钱时常与on搭配。4. pay作动词时，通常也用人作主语，但一般指花钱、付款等，常与for搭配使用。【活学活用】用take, cost, spend或pay的适当形式填空。1. The new bike_me 300 yuan.2. We_two days in repairing this machine.3. James_a lot of money on CDs because he likes listening to music very much.4. They_70 yuan for the tickets.5. It_me several hours to get there last Sunday.当堂检测一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The mens_ （妻子） are waiting for them at the bus stop.2. Look at the sun. It is_ （照耀） brightly.3. When the children were climbing the mountains, a shake_（sudden） appeared and scared them.4. This opera is one of the cultural symbols of_（west） civilization.5. The photo_ （提醒） me of my old school days.二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 fall true pupil tower against 1. Some ads dont tell us the_at all.2. Are you for or_the idea?3. He was tired and_asleep soon.4. He is one of the most popular_in our school.5. She remembers working in her office near the two_. hide marry husband silk lead 6. Who_you here?This lady did.7. Th