2019届中考英语复习第一篇语言基础知识第8课八上Units7_8基础知识.docx

第8课 八上 Units 78课前预热中考词汇拓展重点易错单词1. holiday 假期；假日2. paper 纸3. planet 行星4. earth 地球5. plant 种植；植物6. already 已经；早已7. even 甚至8. shape 形状9. during 在期间10. word 单词；词；话11. machine 机器12. hole 洞；孔；坑13. autumn 秋季14. fill 充满；装满15. cover 遮盖；盖子词汇拓展1. pollute（v.） pollution （n.）污染；污染物2. environment（n.） environmental （adj.）环境的；周围的；有关环境的3. peace（n.） peaceful （adj.）和平的；安宁的4. danger（n.） dangerous （adj.）有危险的；不安全的5. believe（v.） belief （n.）相信；依赖；信仰；信条 believable （adj.）可信的 unbelievable （反义词）令人难以置信的6. agree（v.） agreement （n.）同意；赞成；承认 disagree （v.）不同意；不赞成；不承认 disagreement （n.）不一致；异议；分歧7. fall（v.） fell （过去式） fallen （过去分词） falling （现在分词）倒塌；跌倒；掉落8. possible（adj.） impossible （反义词）不可能存在或发生的；不可能的 possibility （n.）可能；可能性9. shake（n. & v.） shook （过去式） shaken （过去分词） shaking （现在分词）摇动；抖动10. final（adj.） finally （adv.）最后；最终11. salt（n.） salty （adj.）含盐的；咸的12. dig（v.） dug （过去式/过去分词） digging （现在分词）掘（地）；凿（洞）；挖（土）13. tradition（n.） traditional （adj.）传统的；惯例的14. travel（v. & n.） traveler （n.）漂泊者；旅行者；游客15. celebrate（v.） celebrated （过去式/过去分词） celebrating （现在分词）庆祝；庆贺 celebration （n.）庆祝；庆祝会16. mix（v.） mixture （n.）混合；结合体；混合体17. probable（adj.） probably （adv.）很可能；大概18. inside（adv. & prep.） outside （反义词）外面19. human（n.） humans （pl.）人类20. sandwich（n.） sandwiches （pl.）三明治中考词组短语词 组1. look for寻找2. live on the earth住在地球上3. play a part in saving the earth参与拯救地球4. I hope so.我希望如此。5. on a space station在太空站6. over and over again多次7. think like humans像人类一样思考8. hundreds of数百9. fall down倒塌10. seem impossible似乎不可能11. o. 把倒入12. add.to. 把加入到13. cut （them） up切碎14. mix （it） up混合15. two pieces of bread两片面包16. cook for another 10 minutes再煮10分钟17. one more thing再一件事18. forget to do. 忘记去做19. take out a book from the library从图书馆拿走一本书20. on special holidays在特殊的假日21. at this time在这个时候22. fill.with. 用把装满23. cover.with. 用把覆盖24. one by one 一个接一个中考句型回顾书面表达素材1. 未来生活There will be more robots in our life in the future. 将来在我们的生活中将有更多的机器人。People will live to be 200 years old. 人们将活到200岁。 In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be fewer things to do. 在未来50年，人们将会有更多的空闲时间，因为人们将会做更少的事情。In the future, there will be less fresh water because there will be more pollution in the sea.在将来，将有更少的干净的水，因为海里将会有更多的污染。2. 文化习俗（感恩节）It is always on the fourth Thursday in November, and is a time to give thanks for food in autumn. 感恩节通常在11月的第四个星期四，是一个感谢秋季丰收的节日。Most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.大部分美国人仍然通过与家人在一起吃饭来庆祝这个感恩的节日。语法精萃 How many bananas do we need? 我们需要多少只香蕉？We need three bananas. 我们需要三只香蕉。（how many后加可数名词复数） How much yogurt do we need? 我们需要多少酸奶？We need one cup of yogurt. 我们需要一杯酸奶。（how much后加不可数名词）Finally, turn on the blender. 最后，打开搅拌器。（副词表序列；祈使句）情景交际 What will the future be like ? 未来是什么样的？Well, cities will be more crowded and polluted. 城市会变得更拥挤和更受污染。课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、with的用法【例句展示】1. He spends all his free time with his grandson.他和他的孙子/外孙度过他所有的空闲时间。2. Next to the hotel is a small house with a beautiful garden.旅馆旁边是一个带有美丽花园的小房子。3. Dont write with the red pen.不要用这支红色的钢笔写字。4. The girl with long hair is my classmate.那个长头发的女孩是我的同学。5. Dont be angry with me for my being late.不要因为我迟到而生我的气。【精讲辨析】with作介词，意为“和；同；与；用；以；被；随着；戴着；有着的；因为；由于”。反义词为without。相关短语：play with.与一起玩；be angry with.对生气；talk with. 与交谈；get on well with. 与相处融洽；help sb. with. 在方面帮助某人；fill.with.用把装满。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 你能和我一起去公园吗？Can you go to the park_ me?2. 那个手里拿着一本书的男孩来自英国。The boy_ a book in his hand is from the UK.3. 中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。China is a great country_ .二、turn on的用法【例句展示】Its really dark, please turn on the light.天太黑了，请开一下灯。【精讲辨析】turn on是“动词+副词”结构，意为“打开”，多指打开电器等。若后接代词作宾语，则必须放在两者之间。含有turn的其他短语：turn up/down调高/低（音量）；turn off关（电器）；turn round转身；turn over翻身；turn to转向（某人/某处）；turn+颜色，把变成颜色；take turns轮流。【活学活用】用turn构成的短语的适当形式填空。1. Dont do any other things while you are doing your homework. So please_ your MP3.2. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you_ the TV a bit, please? I cant hear it clearly.三、even的用法【例句展示】1. I might even keep a pet parrot.我甚至可能养一只宠物鹦鹉。2. Even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice down in public places.即使你与朋友们在一起，在公共场合最好压低声音讲话。3. It got even colder.天气甚至变得更冷了。【精讲辨析】1. even作副词，意为“甚至”，修饰动词或比较级。2. even if=even though=though=although即使；尽管。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 可能你甚至已经在电影上见过这些人物了。Perhaps you have_ seen the characters in movies.2. 假期过后他甚至更胖了。He is even_ after the vacation.四、two pieces of bread的用法【例句展示】We need one cup of yogurt and three kilos of apples.我们需要一杯酸奶和三公斤苹果。【精讲辨析】不可数名词量的表示：数+单位名词+of+不可数名词。注：表示量的单位名词为可数名词，前面的数超过1时，表示量的名词要用复数。同时可数名词也可用这种结构。如：two baskets of eggs两篮子鸡蛋【活学活用】翻译下列短语。1. 一袋牛奶_2. 两勺蜂蜜_3. 一则新闻_4. 两箱橘子_五、fill的用法【例句展示】1. Smoke filled the room.房间里烟雾弥漫。2. You see, you have helped make it possible for me to have “Lucky”, who has filled my life with pleasure.你知道，你已经帮助我获得了“幸运”，它让我的生活充满了乐趣。3. I filled the bowl with water.我把这个碗装满了水。4. The glass was filled with milk.玻璃杯里装满了牛奶。【精讲辨析】1. 由例句1可知，fill作动词时，意为“装满；填满”；由例句2、3可知，fill A with B意为“把A里装满B”；由例句4可知，fill A with B的被动语态形式是：A be filled with B。2. fill in意为“填充；填写”。如：Fill in each blank with a proper word.在每个空白处填入一个适当的单词。3. A be full of B意为“A里充满了B”，与A be filled with B意思相近。区别在于：前者侧重状态，后者侧重动作。如：The room is full of smoke.房间里都是烟。【活学活用】用适当的介词填空。1. We are lucky because our life now is filled happiness.2. The school is full_ laughter.六、serve的用法【例句展示】1. Waiter, please serve me a middle bowl of noodles.服务员，请给我一份中碗的面条。2. Mrs. Smith served tea and cakes to us.史密斯夫人给我们端上茶和蛋糕。3. The shop assistants job is to serve customers.店员的工作是服务顾客。【精讲辨析】从以上句子的结构和句意可判断出例1中的serve是一个及物动词，意为“端上；（给）提供”，其后可跟双宾语，即serve sb. sth.的结构，也可用于例2中的serve sth. to sb.的结构；例3中的serve是“（为）服务；招待”的意思。service作名词，意为“服务”；servant也是名词，意为“服务员”。【活学活用】根据汉语提示完成句子。You should_ （端上） customers tea before meals.But they said they couldnt wait to eat.中考重点句型一、There will be robots in peoples homes.人们的家里将有机器人。【例句展示】1. People will live to be 200 years old.人们将活到200岁。2. There will be more people.将会有更多的人。【归纳提高】一般将来时：will+动词原形，表示“将要”，will意为“将；意愿”，可表示将来或临时意愿，表示有计划的时候可用be going to。其否定式是wont do;一般疑问式是Will sb./sth. do.?。There will be=There is going tobe，表示“将会有”。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. There_ （be） an English party tomorrow evening.2. Have you washed the clothes?Not yet. But I_ （wash） them in half an hour.二、.be able to do sth.能做【例句展示】1. On the weekend, Ill be able to dress more casually.周末，我能穿得更随意些。2. I ran after the bus, but wasnt able to catch it.我跑着追那辆公共汽车，可是没能赶上。【归纳提高】be able to意为“有能力做某事；会做某事”。1. can和be able to都表示做事的能力时，两者可以通用，但can只能用于一般现在时，其变形could可用于一般过去时，而be able to可以用于任何时态。如：He can （=is able to） speak English.他能说英语。Mike could （=was able to） swim when he was six years old.迈克6岁时就能游泳。Ill be able to speak Japanese in another few months.再过几个月我就会说日语了。2. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用be able to，而不能用can/could。如：The plane was able to fly over the mountain, and the passengers felt safe.飞机能飞过这座山，乘客们感到安全了。3. 情态动词can还可以表请求、许可等，此时could不表示过去时态，它只是一种委婉的语气。另外情态动词can还可以表猜测。【活学活用】用be able to或can的适当形式填空。1. We are sure he will_ be an artist when he grows up.2. Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you_ .3. This book_ be Toms. His is much older than it.三、Do you know how to plant a tree?你知道如何栽树吗？【例句展示】1. I dont know how to use the machine. 我不知道怎样使用这台机器。2. I dont know what I should do next. =I dont know what to do next.我不知道接下来该怎么办。3. I didnt decide which room to live in. 我没有决定住哪个房间。4. I didnt decide where to live. 我没有决定住哪儿。5. I dont know what to do. 我不知道做什么。6. I dont know how to do it. 我不知道怎样做它。【归纳提高】how to plant a tree是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作谓语动词know的宾语。“疑问词+动词不定式”的常见考点：（1）“疑问词+动词不定式”的同义句转换。（2）动词后是否加介词。（3）动词后面是否需要宾语。注：在例5中what作do的宾语，所以不能再加it；在例6中how是疑问副词，作状语，所以需要it作do的宾语。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 我不知道如何做香蕉奶昔。I dont know_ a banana milk shake.2. 我不知道把书放在哪里。I dont know_ the book.3. 他不知道住哪个房间。He doesnt know which room_ .中考词语辨析一、hundred与hundreds of【例句展示】1. They agree it may take hundreds of years.他们一致认为这可能要花几百年的时间。2. Over two hundred students visited the farm last Sunday.上星期天两百多个学生参观了农场。【辨异突破】1. hundred, thousand, million, billion为数量单位，当与具体的数字连用时，本身不加-s，其后加名词复数形式。如：two hundred cows两百头奶牛2. 当表示不确定数，意为“数以百计；数以千计；数以百万计”时，要本身加-s并与of连用，其后也直接加名词复数形式。如：hundreds of cows几百头奶牛注：若表示某特定范围中的具体的数时也用of结构。如：two hundred of the students这些学生中的两百人【活学活用】用hundred或hundreds of填空。1._ trees will be planted along the river next month.2. There are more than eight_ students in our school.二、more, fewer与less【例句展示】1. In the future, there will be more robots everywhere.将来到处会有更多的机器人。2. There will be more pollution.将会有更多的污染。3. There will be fewer trees.将会有更少的树。4. Humans will have less work to do.人类会做更少的事。【辨异突破】1. more意为“更多”，是many, much的比较级，既可以修饰可数名词复数，又可以修饰不可数名词。2. fewer意为“更少”，是few的比较级，修饰可数名词复数。3. less意为“更少”，是little的比较级，修饰不可数名词。注：the most意为“最多”，是many, much的最高级；the fewest, the least意为“最少”，分别是few, little的最高级。【活学活用】用more, fewer或less填空。1. To live a green life, we should try to save_ energy and produce_ pollution.2. I think there will be_ people in the world in 100 years.三、in与after【例句展示】1. He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京。2. He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他动身去了北京。【辨异突破】in与after都可以表示时间。1. “in+一段时间”用来表示从现在算起的“过一段时间以后”，常用于将来时的肯定句中。通常与go, come, start, arrive, return, finish等表示瞬间动作的终止性动词连用，常用来回答How soon.?的问句。2. “after+一段时间”用来表示从过去算起的“过一段时间以后”，相当于“一段时间+later”。谓语动词用过去时，不可用将来时；“after+具体时间或某一具体事件”时，谓语动词可用过去时，也可用将来时。【活学活用】用in或after填空。1. Mom will get home_ 5:00 p.m. We have enough time to clean the room.2. How soon will the meeting end?_ two hours.3._ a long time, the man came to himself and told us what had happened to him.四、such与so【例句展示】1. He is so funny a boy.=He is such a funny boy.=The boy is so funny.他是如此有趣的一个男孩。2. People would not like to do such jobs. They will get bored.人们不愿意做那样的工作，他们会觉得无聊。3. There are so many people in the supermarket.超市里有那么多的人。【辨异突破】两者都可意为“如此”。但与不定冠词a/an连用时结构不同：so+形容词+a/an+名词；such+a/an+形容词+名词；但名词前若有much, little, many, few修饰时，则用so。当后面只跟形容词或副词时，只能用so。【活学活用】用such或so填空。1. Every year a lot of tourists travel to Hainan, because its_ a beautiful island.2. There were_ many people in the Shanghai World Expo that we had to put off our plan.3. The story is_ interesting that everyone is interested in it.当堂检测一、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 pour inside tradition fill probable 1. Be careful!She is_ the cup with hot tea.2. As a_ festival, the Dragon Boat Festival is becoming more and more popular.3. WeChat is_ the most widely used chatting tool among young people.4. There is quite a cute dog_ the box which was given by my uncle.5. He is used to_ some honey on the bread for breakfast.二、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。Are you looking for a quick, simple and delicious dinner? 1_（传统的） spaghetti and rice are always popular. Now lets learn how to make them. How to make spaghettiFirst, cook the spaghetti in hot water for 20 minutes. After that, you can start to make the sauce. Cut an onion into 2_（块）. Heat a little oil, and cook the onion in it. You can also put 3_（胡椒）, beef and other things in it. Then 4_（添加） gravy and some potatoes, and cook them for a few minutes over a low heat. Find out a（n） 5_（盘子）, and put the spaghetti on it. 6_（倒出） the sauce over the spaghetti and 7_（混合） them together. Now, you can start to eat.How to cook rice with a rice cookerPut water and rice in the pot and close the 8 （盖子）. Turn on the rice cooker and it will start to cook the rice. It usually 9_（花费） about 30 minutes, so you can cook vegetables and meat during this time.10_（最后）, you will hear a special sound when the rice is ready. But you should wait for about five minutes. It will make the rice more delicious.Its easy to make both of them. Do you want to have a try?三、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The air_ （pollute） is serious. We must do something to deal with it.2. I like having_ （sandwich） for breakfast.3.