企业实力的解决方案.ppt

Chinese-English Bilingual Teaching For Logistics & Supply Chain Management,Logistics/Supply-Chain Management,Logistics/Supply-Chain Management,Evolution and Characteristics of Extended Enterprise 外延/扩展型企业 Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Management Best Practices are Evolving,total supply chain costs consume about 7-12 % of corporate annual revenue across all industries. integrated supply-chain management (一体化的供应链管理) is now at the epicenter of business transformation.,Extended Enterprise 外延/扩展型企业,The term “extended enterprise“ represents the concept that a company is made up not just of its employees, its board members, and executives, but also its business partners, its suppliers, and even its customers. The extended enterprise can only be successful if all of the component groups and individuals have the information they need in order to do business effectively.,Extended Enterprise 外延/扩展型企业,true enterprise-strength solutions （企业实力的解决方案） 随着全球化的发展，企业之间的竞争也日趋激烈。单个企业已经没有能力适应快速变化的市场，而必须和其它相关企业组成紧密的合作伙伴关系，形成扩展企业（Extended Enterprise），保证竞争力优势互补，来共同面对变化的市场和激烈竞争的对手。,1. Evolution and Characteristics of Extended Enterprise,the genesis （起源）of extended enterprise logistics Japanese automobile makers,精益生产, Lean Production,精益生产（Lean Production，LP），又称精良生产，其中“精”表示精良、精确、精美；“益”表示利益、效益等等。精益生产就是及时制造，消灭故障，消除一切浪费，向零缺陷、零库存进军。 精益生产的来源 精益生产的特点,1、含义：一体化战略指企业以现有经营领域为基础，根据物流的方向，不断地向深度和广度发展，使企业的经济规模扩大或在上下游之间扩展的一种战略。 2、分类： 纵向/垂直一体化战略 (vertical integration) 横向/水平一体化战略,一体化(成长)战略 （Integrative Growth/Strategy）,一体化(成长)战略 （Integrative Growth/Strategy）,一体化(成长)战略 （Integrative Growth/Strategy）,竞争者,供应商,企业,批发商,零售商,顾客,供应链管理横向一体化的代表,借助信息技术(IT)和管理技术，将供应链上业务伙伴的业务流程相互集成，从而有效地管理从原材料采购、产品制造、分销，到交付给最终用户的全过程，在提高客户满意度的同时，降低整个系统的成本、提高各企业的效益。,横向一体化外包供应链,供应链（Supply Chain） 是在相互关联的部门或业务伙伴之间所发生的物流、资金流和信息流，覆盖从产品(或服务)设计、原材料采购、制造、包装到支付给最终用户的全过程。,1. Evolution and Characteristics of Extended Enterprise,The best companies: Enjoy an advantage in total supply chain management cost of 3-6 percent of revenue Hold 50-80 percent less inventory than their competitors Have a 40-65 percent advantage in cash-to-cash cycle time over average companies.,供应链是物流发展的高级阶段,2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management,Full-spectrum visibility and real-time management Example：Ford Motor Company,2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Total Connectivity 整体连通性,Information technology and telecommunications The emergence of the internet Internet-enabled shared information helps break down organization politics and functional fences, helping supply-chain alliance members （供应链联盟成员 ）develop a common understanding of the competitive environment.,2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Total Connectivity,All companiescan benefit from a more open information flow by using the information to: Reduce or eliminate unnecessary inventory Improve their planning Develop active rather than reactive operations Smooth product flows Trim cost Improve service,2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Holistic （整体的, 全盘的） Supply-Chain Management Methods,Top management encourages this kind of segmentation and departmentalization Senior executives ability to manage supply-chain costs and therefore the profitability of a company is dependent on their ability to take a holistic approach to the companys operations.,2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Global Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Providers,Global logistics companies are now acting as systems integrators for major corporate clients, conducting elaborate, highly sequenced “milk runs” to pick up and deliver components and products with a whole host of suppliers and vendors on an international basis.,各方物流的概念,Milk Run,来自牛奶公司每天清晨挨家挨户在牧场收购牛奶，送牛奶的工人送牛奶时拿走一个空瓶，再放一瓶牛奶。物流配送中常用这样的方式。 牛奶式取货、循环取货，集货配送，多仓储间巡回装卸货混载运送，定时定点取货。 国内最早是汽车制造业（东风、上海通用）使用的一种物料集货模式。,2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Global Third-Party Logistics Providers,The computer company reports a high degree of satisfaction with the arrangement, which allows the company to: Avoid sunk costs in information systems and ware-housing capacity Gain greater market leverage over ocean, air, and surface transportation service providers Achieve greater flexibility in meeting the needs of customers,2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Government Trade Facilitation systems,New trade facilitation systems implemented by national governments have also supported the globalization of supply chains. Singapore The U.S. Customs Service DHL World-wide Express,3. Management Best Practices are Evolving,Managing the extended enterprise will increasingly focus on these three domains of best practice: Physical network management Information and knowledge network management Computer-based infrastructure management,供应链结构示意图,现金流,供应链管理与物流管理,供应链管理的研究是从物流管理研究开始的,1915年美国阿奇萧 市场流通若干问题,二站时期，美国军队建立后勤（Logistics）理论 1956年日本引入“物的流通”,1989年,局部性研究,整体性、集成性研究,供应链管理是物流管理的延伸,物流管理有狭义和广义两方面的含义： 狭义的物流管理指物资的采购、运输、配送、贮备等活动，是企业之间的物资流通活动。 广义的物流管理包括从原材料到产品整个生产过程的物料转化过程，即供应链管理。 供应链管理是物流管理的延伸,供应链是物流发展到集约化阶段的产物。,供应链管理是物流管理的延伸,物流贯穿于整个供应链。(几流之一),供应链强调的是系统的整合和优化。,作为一种战略概念，供应链也是一种产品，而且是可增值的产品。,供应链管理和物流管理的比较,物流一词最早出现于美国。 1915年，阿奇肖在市场流通中的若干问题一书中用的是Physical Distribution。 第二次世界大战以后，物流获得了长足的发展。物流一词也逐渐由Physical Distribution演化为Logistics。 美国物流管理理事会（Council of Logistics Management）的定义。,供应链概念的提出要比物流晚得多,1982年，凯思奥立夫（Keith R. Oliver）和麦考尔威波尔（Michael D. Webber）在观察杂志上发表了供应链管理：物流的更新战略，首次提出“供应链管理”的说法。 供应链管理的出现源于对物流管理的研究。从这个意义上讲，供应链管理是物流管理的发展和延续。尤其是现代物流一体化的提出，更使得物流管理和供应链管理的研究领域和研究方法雷同。,供应链管理与物流管理的区别,首先，供应链管理不仅包括对于供应链中物流的管理，还包括对于商流、信息流和资金流的管理。 其次，战略联盟的出现使得供应链管理理论日趋成熟。 再次，从研究重点来看，物流管理主要研究各种旨在改善物流效率的物流管理技术和方法。