2012年高考真题英语(山东卷)解析版.doc

金太阳新课标资源网 绝密启用并使用完毕前2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）英 语 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节,满分35分）第一节 语法和词汇知识运用（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoeverB. whereverC. whatever D. however【答案】A【命题透视】代词词义辨析。考查对词汇意义的理解和运用。【试题解析】本题来自朗文双解词典2632页，是whoever词条中的一个例句。句意为“你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行”。Whoever在这里作代词，是“不管什么人，无论是谁”之意。22. Sorry Im late. I got stuck in traffic. _. Youre here now. Come in and sit down. A. You are welcomeB. Thats right C. I have no ideaD. Never mind22.【答案】D【命题透视】情景交际。考查英语语言交际运用能力。【试题解析】上一句表达歉意，根据下一句后面的语境，此处应表示“没关系”，用never mind表示。其他选项中，you are welcome回答thank you；I have no idea是“我不知道”；thats right意为“那是正确的”，都不符合句意。23. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what【答案】C【命题透视】“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。【试题解析】句中的先行词是two novels，而且后面是一个非限制性定语从句，因此用both of which引导。That不能引导非限制性定语从句，也不能跟在介词后面；如果选them，则后面需要有并列连词and或者是独立主格结构，即both of them made into.。24. My first _ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A. expressionB. attentionC. satisfaction D. impression【答案】D【命题透视】名词词义辨析。考查对词汇意义的理解和运用。【试题解析】句意为：他给我的第一印象是他是个善良而有思想的年轻人。First impression意为“第一印象”。其他选项中，attention是“注意”；expression是“表达；表情”；satisfaction是“满意”，都不符合句意。25. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why 【答案】B【命题透视】名词性从句。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。【试题解析】前面的it是形式主语，后面的whether.是真正的主语，句意为：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，其他选项都不符合句意。26. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being toldD. told 【答案】A【命题透视】非谓语动词，动词不定式作结果状语。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。【试题解析】句意为：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。此处是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果，而且George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。【方法规律】句中的only是关键词，only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果。如果用动词ing形式，则表示意料之中的结果。27. He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. asB. if C. unlessD. though【答案】A【命题透视】状语从句，as引导时间状语从句。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。【试题解析】句意为：当Mary为她喝醉了朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。根据句意，此处只能用as引导这个时间状语从句，相当于while。其他选项中，though表示让步，不符合句意。unless意为“要不是”，可以排除。28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 【答案】C【命题透视】动词时态：一般过去时。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。【试题解析】根据句中的两个动作的时间先后和前句中的after判断，start的动作应该是在send之后，send是“过去之过去”的动作，所以后面的动作应该用一般过去时。29. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填D. 不填；a 【答案】B【命题透视】冠词。考查对词汇意义的理解和运用。【试题解析】不可数名词可以和不定冠词连用，表示名词的具体化。句中的a drink表示“一杯饮料”，后面的a comfort意为“慰藉者；安慰的事”。句意为：在那些难熬的时光中，能买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。30. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent madeB. wouldnt makeC. didnt make D. hadnt made【答案】D【命题透视】虚拟语气与动词时态。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。【试题解析】后一句中的wouldnt have been so successful是虚拟语气，句意为：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会如此的成功。虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的情况中，主句用would have done，if引导的从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。31. I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather. _. I cant stand all this rain. A. I dont care B. Its hard to sayC. So am II hope not 【答案】C【命题透视】特殊句式；倒装。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。【试题解析】根据后面一句中的I cant stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的Im sick and tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。选项A和D都与后面一句话矛盾；B的意思是“很难说”，不符合句意。32. A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A. whenB. whereC. beforeD. until 【答案】B【命题透视】状语从句：where引导的地点状语从句。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。【试题解析】句意为：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方出现了。where引导地点状语从句，表示“在地方”。其他选项中，when表示“当时”，与后面的a year ago矛盾；before和until都不符合句意。33. Be _ you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time. A. reasonableB. confidentC. creative D. grateful【答案】A【命题透视】形容词。考查对词汇意义的理解和运用。【试题解析】本题来自朗文双解词典1904页，句意为：要讲道理，你不能指望她一个人干所有的工作。其他选项中，confident意为“信心”；creative表示“有创造力的”；grateful意为“感激的”，都不符合句意。34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. A. will leaveB. are leaving C. have leftD. were leaving 【答案】D【命题透视】动词时态：过去将来时。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。【试题解析】句意为：听到自己最信任的两个职员要离去，经理很关注。动词leave发生在过去，而且表达的是“要离去”之意，因此用leave过去进行式表示过去将要发生的动作。35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide【答案】B【命题透视】非谓语动词：过去分词作定语。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。【试题解析】句意为：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。Whenever we hear about “the homeless,”, most of us think of the Developing world. But the 36 is that homelessness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 37 country like Germany?Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 38 for the homeless of Berlin, Germanys capital. They first 39 one long hot summer when most Germans were 40 on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, 41 a table in the street and gave food to the homeless. The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent 42 . “What these people also need is warmth and 43 ,” says Rita. The Mullers didnt 44 to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita 45 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 46 to anyone who couldnt face another night on the street. The couple were soon 47 all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to 48 donations. Today, over thirty companies 49 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 50 them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 51 new shoes. Kurt and Rita receive no 52 for their hard work. “ We feel like parents,” says Rita, “and parents shouldnt 53 money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets 54 . She says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 55 in the world. 36. A. result B. truthC. reason D. idea37. A. traditional B. developing C. typical D. wealthy38. A. preparations B. housesC. meals D. suggestions 39. A. began B. met C. called D. left 40. A. asleepB. alone C. acrossD. away41. A. brought upB. set upC. put aside D. gave away42. A. enoughB. necessaryC. helpfulD. expensive 43. A. fameB. freedomC. courageD. caring 44. A. hesitateB. agreeC. pretendD. intend45. A. make senseB. found out C. make sure D. worked out 46. A. openB. crowded C. noisyD. near47. A. costing B. wasting C. taking D. spending48. A. pay for B. ask for C. look into D. carry out49. A. completely B. calmlyC. regularly D. roughly 50. A. advertiseB. sellC. deliver D. lend 51. A. donatesB. produces C. designs D. collects 52. A. permissionB. payment C. directionD. support53. A. borrowB. raiseC. saveD. expect 54. A. surprised B. excited C. tired D. amused 55. A. profitB. difference C. decisionD. rule36.【答案】B【命题】名词词义辨析。考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。【解析】前面的but表转折，句意为：但是事实上无家可归的到处都有。句型the truth is that意为“事实上”。37.【答案】D【命题】逻辑关系。考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。【解析】根据上文，此处表达的是“一个像德国这么富有的国家”，与前文的for example和后面的like Germany一致。38.【答案】C【命题】逻辑关系。考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。【解析】根据后文，此句句意为：他们为德国首都柏林的无家可归者做饭已经十一年了。39. 【答案】A【命题】动词词义辨析。考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。【解析】由上句，此处意为：他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始。上句提到他们为无家可归者提供食物有十一年了，所以此处应该表达何时开始。其他选项中，met是“遇到”；left是“离开”；called是“打电话；叫”；都不符合句意。40.【答案】D【命题】逻辑关系和副词词义辨析。考查学生词汇的理解和对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。【解析】根据后面的Kurt and his wife stayed at home，此处是用大多数德国人与Kurt夫妇作一对比，句意为：他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始，此时大多数德国人都外出度假了。41.【答案】B【命题】动词短语词义辨析。考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。【解析】句意为：Kurt和他的妻子呆在家里做三明治，他们在街上布置好桌子，给无家可归者提供食物。动词短语set up意为“安装；布置；临时搭起”，符合句意；其他选项中，put aside是“储存；撇开”；bring up意为“提出；抚养”；gave away是“无偿赠送；暴露”之意，都不符合句意。42.【答案】A【命题】逻辑关系。考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。【解析】由后句中的what people also need可知，此处应该表达的是“穆勒夫妇意识到只有食物和衣服并不够”，用enough。43.【答案】D【命题】名词词义辨析。考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。【解析】句意为：他们也需要温暖和关怀。名词caring意为“关心；关怀”，符合句意。其他选项中，fame是“名誉；名声”；freedom是“自由”；courage是“勇气”，都不符合句意。44.【答案】A【命题】逻辑关系。考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。【解析】由后文中的somebody at home to answer the phone可知，穆勒夫妇很愿意把电话号码给那些街上的需要帮助的人，因此此处表示“很愿意；毫不犹豫地”之意，可以用didnt hesitate to表示；选项B和D的意义与后文矛盾；pretend是“假装”之意，不符合句意。45.【答案】C【命题】逻辑关系。考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。【解析】承接上句而来，前面说到穆勒夫妇把电话号码给街上的人，因此此处应是：Rita确定家里有人随时接电话，make sure意为“确定”，符合句意。make sense意为“有道理”；find out是“找出；查明”；work out是“算出；制定”，都不符合句意。46.【答案】A【命题】逻辑关系。考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。【解析】由上句，此处意为：她家对那些不能在街上再呆一夜的人是敞开着的。Be open to意为“对某人是敞开的；对开放”。47.【答案】D【命题】动词词义辨析。考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力【解析】句意为：穆勒夫妇马上就要花完他们的时间和金钱了。此处用动词过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。选项中，waste的词意不符合句意；cost意为“花费”，但主语不能是sb；take也可表示“花费”，但其主语一般是sth.或形式主语it。48.【答案】B【命题】动词短语词义辨析。考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。【解析】承接上句而来。句意为：因此Kurt去了几家食品厂和服装厂请求捐赠。动词短语ask for意为“请求”，符合句意。其他选项中，pay for是“支付”；look into是“调查”； carry out意为“贯彻；执行”，都不符合句意。49. 【答案】C【命题】副词词义辨析。考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。【解析】句意为：如今，三十多家公司经常为他们的事业捐赠食品和其他物品。副词regularly意为“经常性的”；符合句意。其他选项中，completely是“完全地；完整地”；calmly意为“平静地；镇定地”；roughly是“粗略地；粗暴地”之意，都不符合句意。50.【答案】C【命题】动词词义辨析。考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。【解析】顺接上句而来。句意为：志愿者帮助向无家可归者分发这些食品物品。动词deliver意为“传送；递送”，符合句意。其他选项中，advertise是“作广告”；lend是“借”；sell是“卖”，都不符合句意。51.【答案】A【命题】逻辑关系。考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。【解析】上文提到很多公司为无家可归者捐赠，此处表达的应该是：公众也给衣服和钱，而且一家制鞋商捐赠新鞋。动词donate意为“捐赠”，符合句意；其他选项中，produce是“生产”；design是“设计”；collect意为“收集”，都不符合句意。52.【答案】B【命题】逻辑关系。考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。【解析】由后文，此处意为“穆勒夫妇没有因为他们的工作而得到报酬”，payment是“报酬；付款”之意，符合句意。其他选项中，permission是“允许；许可”；direction是“方向”；support是“支持”，都不符合句意。53.【答案】D【命题】动词词义辨析。考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。【解析】句意为：我们感觉就像父母，父母是不应该因为帮助孩子而期望得到金钱的。动词expect意为“期望；期待”，符合句意；其他选项中，borrow是“借”；raise是“募集”；have是“拥有”，都不符合句意。54.【答案】C【命题】逻辑关系。考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。【解析】这是一个表示让步的句子，句意为：尽管Rita承认有时感到累，但她说她会继续这工作，因为她喜欢这种让世界变得不同的感觉。55.【答案】B【命题】名词词义辨析。考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分 40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequence other countries might learn from its mistakes. For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island. However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900. Naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate. A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon. In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate. Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen. 56. What might be the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To seek help for Naurus problems.B. To give a warning to other countriesC. To show the importance of money D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.56.【答案】B【命题】写作意图题。考查对作者写作的目的的理解和判断能力。【解析】根据第一段Naurus heartbreak story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.一句可知，作者认为瑙鲁的故事可以让其他国家从他们的错误中学到一些东西，作者的目的是警示其他国家。57. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?A. Rich and powerful B. Modern and open C. Peaceful and attractive D. Greedy and aggressive57.【答案】C【命题】细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。【解析】由第二段中的lived on the remote island of Nauru和第五段最后一句中的Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon可知，瑙鲁以前是一个平静美丽的小岛。58. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _. A. soil pollutionB. phosphate overmining C. farming activity D. whale hunting 58.【答案】B【命题】细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。【解析】瑙鲁岛上的生态灾难是因为对磷酸盐的过度开采。由第五段中的Strip-mining totally destroy the island和Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon可知答案为B。59. Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?A. Its leaders misused the moneyB. It spent too much repairing the island C. Its phosphate mining cost much money D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.59.【答案】A【命题】细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。【解析】由第七段中的Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollar可知，领导人投资的不明智，加上还要花更多的钱用在个人消费上，所以导致了财政问题。60. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.B. The leaders will take the experts words seriously. C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans D. The phosphate mines were destroyed60.【答案】A【命题】推理判断题。考查对文章言外之意进行符合逻辑的推理能力。 BOne of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used. This was a huge task. So Murrary had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American Surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford. Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next years, he became one of the staffs most valued contributors. But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897， Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally insane. Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend. Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient. 61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _. A. came out before minor died B. was edited by an American volunteer C. included the English words invented by MurrayD. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary61.【答案】D【命题】细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。【解析】根据第一段中的serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language可知答案选D。62. How did Dr. Minor contributed to the dictionary?A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.C. He provided a great number of words and quotationsD. he went to England to work with Murray. 62.【答案】C【命题】细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。【解析】根据第三段的第一句话Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray可知答案选C。63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?A. He was shut in an asylumB. He lived far from OxfordC. He was busy writing a bookD. He disliked traveling 63.【答案】A【命题】细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。【解析】由第四段中的he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum可知，Minor被关在一家精神病院里，这是他不能去牛津的原因。64. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because _.A. they both served in the Civil War. B. They had a common interest in wordsC. Minor recovered with the help of MurrayD. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor64.【答案】B【命题】细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。【解析】根据第五段的Murray and Minor became good friends, sharing their love of words可知，他们成为好朋友的主要原因在于他们都对词汇很热爱。65. Which of the following best describe Dr. Minor?A. Brave and determined B. Cautious and friendly C. Considerate and optimisticD. Unusual and scholarly 65.【答案】D【命题】推理判断题。考查对