初中宾语从句(只是电视和初中使用).doc

教育影响一生 戴氏全力为之初中英语教研组初二语法专题宾语从句（The Object Clause）教师：霍东雯 时间：2013-5-5一.宾语从句的定义 由一个句子在句中作宾语，这个句子称为宾语从句。 宾语从句的结构：主语+谓语+引导词+主语+谓语掌握宾语从句抓住三要素：引导词，语序，时态二.宾语从句中引导词的用法（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）。that+陈述句（确定的事实或想法，希望等，没有疑问的涵义）可跟that从句做宾语的动词一般表达：观点，看法，要求等这样的动词有：say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, deny, expect, explain, order, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. I hope that you will have a great improvement. Jack thinks that basketball is an exciting sport. ：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that. I dont believe he is good at dancing.。在以下情况中that不能省略1. 当句中的动词后由连接词and或but连接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2. 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3. 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”，表达一个不确定的概念。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party. She doesnt know whether (if) they will go fishing on Sunday.。只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句1.在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether。如：Let me know whether he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go我不知道我们是去还是留。2.在介词之后用whether。如： Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。3.在不定式前用whether。如： He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1. if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2. if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.3. 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.（三）疑问词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。表达 是什么，是谁， 什么时候， 在哪里， 为什么， 哪一个 What who when where why which。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for? 你能该告诉我你在等谁吗？Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.。英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. Can you tell me when we will go to the cinema? 三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：1. I dont know what they are looking for.2. Could you tell me when the train will leave?3. Can you imagine what kind of man he is? 四.宾语从句的时态口诀：主现从任意；主过从任过；从真理用一般。1. 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. I hope we will become good friends.2. 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。 主句是过去时， 从句是一般过去时，表示过去时间里发生的动作或习惯性，经常性的动作。例句：She said she was mad at Ann.He said he went to the beach every Saturday. 主句是过去时， 从句是过去进行时，有具体的时间点,表示过去的那个时间点正在干什么。例句：He said he was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. 主句是过去时， 从句是过去将来时，表示在过去某个时间看未来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例句： Tom told us he would go to the moon someday. Mr. Wang asked us whether we would pass the final exam. 主句是过去时， 从句是过去完成时，表示过去的过去，已经发生的事情。例句： She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. Peter said he had seen the film before.3. 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. We all know that the earth goes around the sun. Yesterday my mother told me September 10th is Teachers Day. 基础练习1. Would you tell me ? -Sorry, I dont know.A. when will the plane take offB. when the plane will take offC. when would the plane take off2. Can you tell me after this exam?A. what you did B. what did you do C. what will you do D. what you will do3. Did you hear he said just now?A. that B. what C. which D. it4. Mr. Black asked me who . A. was the girl in red B. the girl in red is C. the girl in red was D. the girl was in red5. Could you tell me we will have the meeting this afternoon?A. that B. whom C. who D. where6. He asked his father . A. where it happens B. where did it happens C. how it happened D. how did it happen7. Please tell me , I have some gifts for him. A. how has Robert come B. where Robert is C. when will Robert leave D. what does Robert like8. I was told to meet Mr. Green at the airport. But I dont know he will arrive. A. where B. that C. how D. when9. The teacher asked me I need any help. A. whether B. that C. what D. which10. No one tell us , so we need your help. A. what should we do B. how to do it C. he said what D. why did she leave11. I dont know now. A. how is your mother B. how your mother is C. that how your mother is12. - Do you know the accident happened? -Yes, it happened on the evening of July 23rd. A. what B. when C. why D. where13. - Could you tell us how long ? - About three days. A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting lastC. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last14. -Sorry, what did you say just now? -I asked . A. when did he leave B. where you have been C. whom will you go with D. how I could get to the station15. I Mary and Jane good at dancing. A. think; isnt B. dont think; is C. think; arent D. dont think; are16. I want to know whether . A. will he give back the book B. he gives back the bookC. he will give back the book D. does he give back the book17. Could you tell me paper flowers? A. how did you make B. how can I makeC. how had you made D. how I can make18. He knew that all his classmate the exam already except him. A. has passed B. have passed C. had passed D. would passed19. She asked . A. whether I will come back B. if I will come back C. whether I would come back or notD. if I would come back or not课后练习题一(1) I dont know _or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends on _ the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in.A. which B. where C. if D. that(4) I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _.A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose练习题二(1) Did you find out _?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Are you interested in _?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I dont know _. Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say? - He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where（6）She asked Tom _ with his car?A. what t