现在分词作状语.doc

现在分词作状语现在分词短语可以用作状语，修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作。这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。一、作时间状语如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或when。例如： Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy. Walking slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at the lion and fired. One day，while walking along the sands towards his boat，Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a mans foot. 如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用完成式。这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性。例如： Having watered the flowers，he began to cut the grass. Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. Hearing the footstep below(When he heard the footstep below)，he rose and went to the top of the stairs. Seeing a large cake flying through the air，the driver pulled up quickly. 注：分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作一（刚）就。 Hearing their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teachers voice = When they heard their teachers voice, the pupils）when, while, before, after用在时间状语的时候，即可作为连词使用，也可作为介词使用。二、作目的状语例如：The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.三、作结果状语例如： I thought he was making fun of me，and ran faster than ever，reaching the school yard quite out of breath. Her husband died ten years ago，leaving her with three children to look after.四、作伴随状语伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。例如： He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 五、作原因状语现在分词短语作原因状语，尤其是be，feel，know，recognize，fear等状态动词的现在分词(短语)，以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时，通常表示原因。例如： Being sick，I stayed at home. Not knowing her address，I cant write to her. Not having done his homework，he stayed at home. 由于他没完成作业，只好呆在家里。六、作条件状语例如：Taking the path that leads out of the town，you will come to a dense wood. 七、起补充说明作用现在分词短语起补充说明的作用与伴随状语有些相似，但严格地说，它不是伴随状语，因为它所表达的情景不与句子的动作相伴而产生，实际上，它起着补充说明的作用，相当于一个并列分句，但比分句简洁、明快。例如： My train leaves at six，arriving in Chicago at ten. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. 过去分词作状语1. 时间状语Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. Put into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.2. 原因状语Broken down on the high way, his car was carried away by the police. Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.3. 条件状语Given a few minutes, Ill finish it. Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. Given time, hell make a fist-class tennis player.4. 让步状语Explained a hundred times, he still cant understand it. Trained ten hours a day, he will still be a fool. 5. 结果状语The cup fell down to the ground, broken.。注意：一般来说，不论是动词不定式作状语、-ing分词做状语，还是动词的过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。但是，有一些非谓语动词短语已经游离出来，成为单独的短语，在句子中作状语。如：(1) judging from / by. 从 / 根据某东西判断Judging by his accent, he is from Hunan. Judging from what he said, he is very honest. (2 considering. 考虑到Considering he was just a little boy, we didnt punish him. Considering it was late, we didnt discuss the question. (5) thinking of. 想到 / 考虑到Thinking of the environment we live in, the waste cant be thrown away around directly.(6) talking of. 谈到 / 说到Talking of math, he became excited.此外，还有短语：o consideration 把某事考虑进去；calculating roughly, 粗略地计算；supposing. 假定；to tell you the truth 实话告诉你；to be frank 坦白地说；to begin with 首先要做的是；so to speak 可以这么说；taken as a whole 从整体上来看；put frankly, 坦率地说；given that 鉴于等。独立主格结构“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。有时还可以做定语 。 1) 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home.Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 2）表示条件 The condition being favorable, he may succeed.3）表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk.He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 4）表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 5）表示补充说明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。1) 名词/代词+介词短语 I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand.The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand.2) with+名词+分词（或形容词、副词、不定式等） He was asleep with his head on his arms. With John away, we have got more room.He stood there, with his hand raised(rising). 分词练习：Part one1. _ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen 2. _a post office, I stopped_ some stamps. A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy3. _a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A. To saveB. SavingC. Saved D. Having saved4. The result of the test was rather _. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointedD. disappoint 5. _how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known 6. _the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shownB. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown 7. He went from door to door, _waste papers and magazines. A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered8. The student corrected his paper carefully, _the professors suggestions. A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed 9. People _in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. liveB. to liveC. livedD. living 10. A person _a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, _all about his own. A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting 11. _different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality. A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced12. _many times, he still couldnt understand. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. Telling 13. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _9. 6 million square kilometres. A. to coverB. coveredC. coversD. covering 14. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to addC. addingD. added 15. _ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written 16. He walked down the hills, _softly to himself. A. singB. singingC. sungD. to sing 17. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _a patient. A. examineB. examiningC. to examineD. examined 18. _a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly. A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given 19._,I went to the railway station to see my friend off. A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinnerC. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner20.Although he is considered a great writer,_.A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read 21._withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall. A.Compare B.Whencomparing C.Comparing D.Whencompared 22.Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess. A.introducingB.introduced C.introduceD.beingintroduced 23.“Wecantgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,_outofthewindow. A.lookingB.tolook C.lookedD.havinglooked 24._theinterview,themanagewenttohisoffice,_bytheinterviewer. A.Havingfinished,followed B.Finished,followed C.Finishing,following D.Beingfinished,beingfollowing 25.Findinghercarstolen,_. A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelp B.theareawassearchedthoroughly C.Itwaslookedforeverywhere D.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp Part two: 状语从句与分词短语作状语的转换After he finished his homework, he went out to play._, he went out to play.Because they were blind, how could they know what the elephant looks like?_, how could they know what the elephant looks like?If you are travelling north, you must change at Leeds._, you must change at LeedsThough he admitted that he had received the stolen jewellery, he denied having taken part in the robbery._, he denied(否认)having taken part in the robbery.If weather permits, Ill go there on foot. _, Ill go there on foot.练习1._ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. To give B. Having given C. Given D. Giving 2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. to be written B. written C. being written D. having written 3.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. to play B. play C. to be playing D. playing 4._ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. To lose B. Lost C. Having lost D. Losing 5.When passing me he pretended _ me. A. to see B. not having seen C. to have not seenD. not to have seen 6.The children insisted _ there on foot. A. they going B. they would go C. on their going D. going 7.He still remembers _ to Shanghai when he was very young. A. taking B. being taken C. taken D. having taken 8._ the railway station, we had a break, only _ the train had left. A. Arriving at; to find B. Coming to; discovering that C. On arriving at; finding out D. Hurrying to; to have found out 9.With the boy _ the way, we had no trouble _ the way _ to Zhongshan Park. A. leading; finding; leading B. to lead; found; to lead C. led; finding; led D. leading; found; led 10._ these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beingand _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more beautiful. A. Seeing; seen B. Seen; seeing C. Seeing; seeing D. Seen; seen 11.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. to have sailed B. to sail C. sailing D. sail 12.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 13._ is known to all, China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time. A. That; advancing B. This; advanced C. As; advanced D. It; advancing 14.While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 15.There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 16.Please excuse my _ in without _ . A. come; permitted B. coming; permitted C. coming; being permitted D. to come; being permitted 17._ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then. A. Holding; being held B. Held; holding C. Having held; held D. Held; to be held 18.Did you hear her _ this pop song this time the other day? Yes, and I heard this song _ in English. A. sing; singing B. sung; sung C. sung; singing D. singing; sung 19.The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday. A. discussed; discussed B. discussing; had discussed C. being discussed; discussed D. discussing; discussing 20.With the cooking _ ,I went on _ some sewing. A. done; to do B. being done; doing C. to be done; doing D. to have done; doing 21.It is no use _ your past mistakes. A. regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted 22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing _ to her, only _ her five children. A. left; to leave B. leaving; leaving C. leaving; left D. left; leaving 23.I am very busy. I have a very difficult problem _ . A. to work B. to work out C. to be worked out D. to work it out 24.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 25.Climbing mountains was _ ,so we all felt _ . A. tiring; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tiring D. tired; tired 26.I saw some villagers _ on the bench at the end of the room. A. seating B. seat C. seated D. seated themselves 27.She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking 28.It is one of the important problems _ tomorrow. A. to solve B. to be solved C. solved D. solving 29._ maps properly, you need a special pen. A. Drawn B. Drawing C. To draw D. Be drawing 30.There is a river _ around our school. A. to run B. run C. running D. to be running31.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taken 32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my color TV set. _ when I got home. A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing 33.Whth the kindhearted boy _ me with my work, Im sure Ill be able to spare time _ with your work. A. to help; help you out B. helping; helping you C. helped; to help you out D. to help; to help you 34. Greatly moved by her words, _ . A. tears came to his eyes B. he could hardly hold back his tears C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears. 35.I hope the children wont touch the dog. Ive warned them _ . A. not B. not to C. not touch D. not do 36. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 37. When _ why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing. A. been asked B. asked C. asking D. to be asked 38. The man kept silent in the room unless _ . A. spoken to B. spoke to C. spoken D. to speak 39. He was often listened _ in the next room. A. sing B. sung C. to sing D. to sing 40. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding 41. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ . A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 42. Whats troubling them is _ enough experienced workers. A. that they have to B. they have not C. their not having D. not their having 43._ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. having not known 44. Bamboo is used _ houses in some places . A. to build B. to building C. to be built D. being built 45. Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing 46.The day we looked forward to _ . A. come B. coming C. has come D. have come 47.Whom would you rather _ the work? A. to have to do B. to have do C. h