英语常用词解释.doc

To (prep)1、（表示方向）经，向 He pointed to the clock. 他指着那个钟。2、（表示目标）到去 Give the book to him. 把这本书给他。The mayor intended to get to the bottom of the matter.市长打算将此事寻根究底。3、（表示程度）达到 This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent.这将会在一定程度上减轻对火车的压力。The bus service has been cut to the bone. 公共汽车服务已经削减到了最低限度。4、（表示状态）趋于，倾向 She sang the baby to sleep. 她给孩子唱歌唱到孩子睡着。5、（表示结果）导致They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open.他们担心在剖开时木乃伊会变成碎片。Bring the soup to the boil. 请把汤煮沸。Wait until the lights change to green. 等到绿灯亮了再走。6、贴着 cheek to cheek 脸贴脸 7、对着 face to face 面对面He wouldnt dare say rude things about her to her face. 他不敢当面对她出言不逊。8、从到 count from 10 to 20 从10数到20She works from two oclock to ten oclock. 她从两点钟工作到10点。9、给予 I want a present to give to my wife. 我要送我妻子一件礼物。10、（表示拥有关系）归于，属于 the key to the lock 这把锁的钥匙11、与相比，比 The score was 9 to 5. 得分是九比五。12、（表示数量与单位的关系） There are 100 pence to every pound. 1英镑有100便士。 13、对表示敬意 drink to sb.s health 为某人的健康干杯14、（指时间）在之前；直到为止 5 to 4 差五分四点To date we have received more than five hundred applications.到此时为止,我们已经收到了五百多份申请书。The committe have never heard the whole story to this day.至今委员会还从未听到整个事情的始末。15、（表示相对的位置）在 to the north of England 在英格兰的北方The village lies to the east of the woods. 村庄位于树林的东面。16、对于；关于 Whats your answer to that? 你对那件事的答案是什么？(a number) to (a number) （一个数目）到（一个数目）；（数目）和（数目）之间；比较；比例in 10 to 12 feet of water 水深10到12英尺 Its 100 to 1 hell lose. 他百分之百会输。 词性变化：to （adv）醒过来 He didnt come to for half an hour after hed hit his head. 他撞伤头后过了半小时才醒过来。关上，关闭 The wind blew the door to. 风把门给吹关上了。From （prep）1、从，自from the beginning to the end 从头至尾 a letter from Mary 玛丽来的信The train goes from Paris to Rome. 火车从巴黎开往罗马。From his appearance, you wouldnt think he was an old man of seventy years.从外貌上看,你不会认为他是一个七十岁的老人。2、用做成 Bread is made from flour. 面包用面粉做成。3、由于She was nearly crying from the pain of her cut leg. 割破的腿疼痛得使她几乎要哭了。From现代英汉综合大辞典（prep.）1、表示动作发生的起点从fall from the sky 从天上掉下来 jump down from a window 从窗口跳下2、表示时间顺序的起点从, 自; 从.起from the first of October 自10月1日起 from now on 从今以后3、表示变化, 转变awake from a dream 从梦中醒来 from bad to worse 愈来愈坏, 每况愈下4、表示距离, 间隔away from home 不在家, 离开家 five years fromnow 今后五年 How far is it from here?离这里有多远?5、表示差异, 区别differ from others 与别的不同 know right from wrong 辨别是非6、表示除去, 解除, 停止, 阻碍, 防止, 制止take 5 from 8 八减去五 be expelled from school 被学校开除 be released from prison从监狱中释放出来cannot refrain from laughing 忍不住发笑 prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事7、表示出处来源, 根源, 根据a letter from a friend 朋友的来信 quotations from Shakespeare 引用莎士比亚的语句judge from a persons conduct 根据某人的行为来判断 from what I have heard 据我所听到的8、表示原因, 动机, 理由 die from cancer 死于癌症 act from a sense of duty 行动出于责任感9、表示原料, 材料 Steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁炼成的。10、用于表示场所的副词或介词前from above below自上下、from far and near从远近、from before the war自从战前、from under the table从桌下继承用法：from-scratch（adj.）从零开始的; 白手起家的from among从.之中 、from before从.以前、from behind从.后面、from beneath从.下面from.on从.(时间)以后以来, 从.时起、from.till to从.到、from within从.的内部里面from without从.外面for、（prep）1、给；为a present for Mary 给玛丽的礼物Ive got a little present for your birthday.我有一件小礼物送给你过生日。I can do it for myself.我自己能做这件事。These investigations are not done for nothing.这些调查工作自然不是白做的。2、以为目的地；开往；前往We set off for London. 我们动身去伦敦。3、在时间Shes coming for Christmas. 她在圣诞节来。4、代；替；代表Red is for danger. 红色代表危险。 What do you want for a present?你要什么样的东西作礼物?5、为了for existence 为了生存Did you come to Paris for the purpose of simple leisure, or for business purposes?你到巴黎来的目的纯粹是为了休闲,还是为了做生意?6、对于；关于For him to forfeit his favourite hobby would be impossible.要他放弃他所喜爱的业余爱好是不可能的。I have no ear for music. 我对音乐外行。For many of these families a college education was something new.对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。7、因为Hes learning English for the fun of it.他为了好玩才学习英语的。 for several reasons 因为种种原因We bought this house with a much higher price than others just for its convenience.我们买下这幢房子花的钱比其它房屋要贵得多,就是图的方便。8、仅管For all his efforts, he didnt succeed. 他虽然竭尽全力还是没有成功。For all your explanations, I understand no better than before.尽管你作了解释,我还是不懂。9、以为价钱；付出a pen for 50 pence 50便士一枝笔10、以的价格，值He paid 50 pence for the book. 他付了50便士买这本书。11、经过（时间、距离）We ran for two miles. 我们跑了两英里。He stayed for a week. 他待了一周。We havent seen each other for ages.我们好久没见面了。12、用于for + 名词或代词 + to + 不定式动词的名词短语中The bell rang for the lesson to begin. 开始上课的铃响了。习惯用语：for example例如You can buy fruit here oranges and bananas, for example. 你可以在这里买水果，例如买柑橘和香蕉。The government has reduced spending in several areas, for example in the construction of highways.政府已经在几个方面削减了开支,例如高速公路的建设。Thats for you!就是这样！ Theres . for you!恰好相反He just grabbed the money and left Theres gratitude for you! 他抓了钱就走，你可真会感激人！ For词性变化（conj）因为We cant go for it is raining. 我们不能走，因为正在下雨。For his ideas and actions, he went to jail for a short time.由于他的思想和行动,曾蹲过短时间的监狱。against FOR=Free on Rail铁路火车上交货(价格)for（现代英汉综合大词典）prep.1、表示目的为了 struggle for existence生存竞争、go out for a walk出去散步2、表示目标、去向向, 往leave for Shanghai动身去上海、the train for Dalian、开往大连的火车passengers for Beijing去北京的旅客He is getting on for sixty.他快到六十岁了。3、表示对象、用途等为, 对于; 适于; 供; 属于.的; 给.的books for children儿童图书an instrument for measuring pressure测压力用的仪器、Not For Sale非卖品(常用于商品标签)That will be bad for your health.那将有损于你的健康。A letter for you!你的信!4、表示愿望、爱好、特长等对于, 倾向于long for freedom渴望自由、have a liking for music爱好音乐、an eye for beauty审美的眼光5、表示理由、原因由于, 因为jump for joy高兴得跳起来、a city famous for its beauty一个以美丽而著称的城市6、代, 替; 代表 teach for sb.为某人代课7、表示时间、距离、数量等达, 计The meeting lasted(for) hours. 会议继续了几个小时。8、表示赞成, 支持拥护, 有利于vote for sb.投某人的票、They are all for him.他们都拥护他。9、表示让步 虽然, 尽管 F-all your explantions, I understand no better than before.尽管你作了解释, 我还是不懂。10、至于, 说到, 就.而言for my part至于我, 讲到我、He is tall for his age.就他的年龄而言, 他是个高个子。So much for today.今天就讲做这么多。11、表示等价、报酬、 赔偿或比例关系 交换sell for a dollar以一美元卖掉、answer point for point逐点答复、translate word for word逐字翻译12、表示约定的时间an appointment forSaturday星期六的约会13、表示身分看作, 当作, 作为take sb. for a fool把某人看成傻瓜、give sth. up for lost认定某物已丢失而不找寻It was built for a pleasure boat.这条船是作为游艇建造的。14、用于插入语, 表示列举Many people want to buy it because, for one thing , the price is low. 许多人想买它, 原因之一就是价格便宜。15、与名词或代词连用, 后接动词不定式, 构成名词短语make way for the car to pass给汽车让路、It is time for him to go.他该走了。For词性变化conj.因为, 由于He felt no fear, for he was very brave.他很勇敢, 毫不畏惧。【说明】 for 和 because 在表示“原因”的时候意思基本相同, 一般可以互相代用。form来自拉丁词formafC:mn1、形状；外貌；形体She has a tall graceful form. 她有着高大优雅的外形。2、方式；制度Different countries have different forms of government. 不同的国家有不同的政治制度。 3、形式form and content 形式与内容He seems to dislike any form of exercise.他好象讨厌任何方式的运动。4、礼节；仪式；习俗a form of marriage 结婚仪式5、行为Schoolboys think it bad form to tell a teacher of another boys wrong-doing. 学生认为向老师报告别的学生的过失是不好的举动。6、运动员的竞技状态The footballers been out of form. 这足球运动员的状况不好。 7、精神；心情 in fine form 心情很好 8、词形 9、表格If you fill in this form, you can take books out of the library. 如果你填了这张表，就可以把书带出图书馆。 10、长凳 11、年级；班He is in Form 2. 他在二年级。 His eldest child is still in the sixth form.他年龄最大的孩子才上六年级。Form词性变化vt, vi1、形成；产生A plan began to form in his mind. 计划在他脑子里形成。One of the most important task for a school is to help and promote to form a childs character. (喻)学校的一个重要任务就是要帮助和促进儿童个性的形成。2、以形态出现 The buildings formed a hollow square. 建筑呈中空四方形。3、制造；建造 Eskimoes form igloos out of blocks of ice. 爱斯基摩人用冰块砌圆顶冰舍。 4、养成；培养 to form good habits 养成好习惯5、构成；形成 to form a correct sentence 造一个正确的句子6、组织；成立 forming a club 组织一个俱乐部The president asked the Social Democratic Party to form a new government.总统请社会民主党组织新政府。The young people in the workshop have formed themselves into a shock brigade.这个车间的青年们组成了突击队。7、是 Flour, eggs, fat and sugar form the main contents of a cake.面粉、蛋、脂肪和糖是做糕饼的主要原料。8、（常与up连用）排成；编成 The soldiers formed into a line. 士兵排成一行。用法：form,figure,shape这三个名词的一般含义为“形状”或“外形”。是个最普通、使用范围最广、含义最多的词，哲学上讲的“形态”，文艺上讲的“体裁”，雕刻艺术上讲的“形状”，以及普通含义的“方式”或“形式”等，它都可以表示。此外，form也可以表示人或动物的“体形”、“外形”Convinced of the importance of education, modern states investin institutions of learning to get back interestin the form of a large group of enlighted young men and women who are potential leaders. 现代国家由于确信教育的重要性， 才向教育机构“投资”，以期获得一大批有知识的男女青年的形式收回“利息”，这些青年是潜在的领导人。Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops. 花园里、建筑物和商店外面竖立着奇形怪状的雕塑形体。My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings which are interrupted only by an occasional visit to the local cinemavirtually the only form of entertainment. 我的朋友没提到那漫长而寂寞的隆冬寒夜，而打破这寒夜寂寞的只有偶尔去当地电影院看看电影实际上此乃唯一的娱乐形式。figure可以表示隐约可见的“人影”或“物影”、几何“图形”、人体“外形”、引人注目的人物或塑像等In the torchlight he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recongnized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 在手电光下他看到一个人影，他立刻认出这个人是本地杂货商比尔威尔金斯。With mother earning and his elder children drawing substantial wages father is seldom the dominant figure that he still was at the beginning of the century. 由于母亲挣钱和大孩子也拿相当的工资，父亲很少再象本世纪初那样是一家之主了。shape 也可以表示“外形”或“形状”以及人物体形。The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. 桥身如此的长，以致于它的设计师不得不考虑地球的形状。注：shape 的内涵是：外形之下具有实体。如上一例中shape之“形”包含有地球这个实体。再看下面的例句Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began ariving at the factory. 不久，大大小小各种形状的饼干开始送到这个工厂。animal shapes ablaze with red and gold and blue,各种兽形神像闪耀着红色、金黄色、蓝色，And the senstive observer of sculpture must learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence. 雕塑品的敏锐观赏家必须学会把形体当作形体去感觉，而不当作描述或联想去感觉。这三个词的含义差异可以从它们表示的人体外形的差异上来进行辨析。form所指的“人体外形”在意义上很含糊，只是能够认出，但未必看得仔细或看得清楚。What he saw seemed to have the form of a man(他所看到的似乎是一个男子的身影)。之所以没看仔细，可能是观察者坐在窗口，那身影一晃而过。figure 在表示“人体外形”时通常因黑暗而看不清楚，即“人影”，在表示“体形”时与shape的差别在于：figure只强调身体的轮廓，shape既包括躯体轮廓也包含有血有肉的身体。由于form仅表示可以辨认出的人体外形，所以裁缝店里的服装模特儿被称为the dress-makers form; 由于figure强调人体轮廓，所以“她的体形很优美”可以说：She has a very good figure:由于shape既包含轮廓又包含有血有肉的身体，所以“她的身段很好看，但她的女仆一点身段都没有。”可以说：She has a very good shape,but her maid has no shape at all. 基于上面的讨论琲n the form of，in the figure of,in the shape of 这三个短语虽然都表示“以的形式(状)”，但第一个短语强调可以认出的形式(状)，第二个短语强调轮廓，第三个短语强调实体，如entertainment in the form of opera(以戏剧形式的娱乐)； to cut apiece of paper in the figure of a triangle(把纸剪成三角形)；to form a mass of clay in the shape of a man(把一堆粘土塑造成男人的形状)。in shape 表示的“在外形上”，用于具有实体的事物，而in form 表示的“在形式上”或“在外形上”用于抽象的、无实体的事物That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts;certainly it is more difficult than arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. 人们把雕塑说成是一切艺术中最困难的，可能就是这个道理。当然，它比起只涉及平面形态，即二维形态的艺术品要困难些。Have现代英汉词典hAvvthad, having 1、（助动词，用于构成完成式 I have written two letters today. 今天我写了 两封信。 2、拥有；具有；包含 She hasnt got blue eyes. 她没有蓝眼睛。 (= have got) I have no account with that bank.我在那家银行未立帐户。You have the advantage of me there.在那一点上,你比我强。3、得到；取得；拿Ive had two letters from him. 我已收到他的两封信。After repeated experiments we have some valuable data at our fingertips.经多次实验我们掌握了一些有价值的数据。Your suggestion will have attention at the company top meeting. 你们的建议在公司高层会议上将得到考虑。4、享受，享用；经历Did you have a pleasant time? 你过得快乐吗？The children have the best of care in most of the countries now.现在大多数国家的儿童受到无微不至的关怀。I hope youll have a good flight.祝你飞机旅行顺利/愉快。You may have the liberty of the language laboratory. 你可以随时使用这个语言实验室。5、允许，容许I wont have you say such things. 我可不许你说这样的话。The old gentleman wont have bad behaviour.这位老先生不能容忍恶劣的行为。6、使；让；令We had the machine repaired. 我们请人把机器修好了。 The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.人们已要求教区牧师叫人把这棵树砍掉,但直到现在他都没有同意。The idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil.把首都迁往内地的主意,将对巴西的未来产生巨大的影响。I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park.我要他在公园门口等我。7、经历；遭遇I had my watch stolen last night. 昨晚我的手表被偷了。 Mind you. Its easy to have your pocket picked in a big crowd.请注意,在人群中你衣袋内的东西是很容易被人扒窃的。1、had better习惯用语 应该；最好 2、have to 不得不，必须Youll have to get off here, the conductor said. 你得在这里下车了,售票员说。I have to go now. 我现在该走了。 (= have got to) Children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school.孩子们上学不用穿越繁忙的街道。3、have got 有Have you got any fruit? No, I havent got any fruit. 你有水果吗？ 没有，我没有水果。 (= have)4、have got to不得不，必须Weve got to go straight-way. 我们得马上走了。常用词组：1、have on欺骗；戏弄 Ive been had! 我被骗了。 (= have) 2、穿；戴He had a beautiful new suit on. 他穿着一套好看的新衣服。(= have got on) 3、有约会；有安排What do you have on for tomorrow night? 明天晚上你有什么安排？ (= have got on) 4、掌握不利的证据You have got nothing on me. 你没有掌握不利于我的证据。 have nothing on不像一样(= have got on) 常用词组：have up押送（到法庭）；对某人起诉He was had up for dangerous driving. 他因驾车冒险被送上法庭。as (1)美国传统辞典（双解）adv.1、To the same extent or degree; equally:同等地，一样地同一限度或程度地；同等地：The child sang as sweetly as a nightingale.这孩子歌唱得同夜莺般婉转2、For instance:例如：large carnivores, as the bear or lion.大的食肉动物，如熊或狮子3、When taken into consideration in a specified relation or form: 被认为当在特别的关系或形式中加以考虑时：this definition as distinguished from the second one. 这个定义与第二个有区别as (1) conj.1、To the same degree or quantity that. Often used as a correlative after so or as: 像，如同同等的程度或量，常用作关联词后置于 so或 as：You are as sweet as sugar. The situation is not so bad as you suggest.你甜如蜜。情形不如你说的那样糟2、In the same manner or way that:以同样方式，以同样方法：、Think as I think.像我这样去想3、At the same time that; while:同时；当时：slipped on the ice as I ran home.我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤4、For the reason that; because:由于；因为：went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 睡得早，因为我精疲力尽了5、With the result that:结果：He was so foolish as to lie.他太傻才会撒谎6、Though:尽管：Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.这位作者尽管了不起，到头来却成了一个坏榜样。这个故事看似荒唐，却是真的7、In accordance with which or with the way in which:根据或按照这一方法：The hotel is quite comfortable as such establishments go. The sun is hot, as everyone knows.就设备而言，这个旅馆相当舒适。太阳非常热，这一点众所周知8、 Informal 【非正式用语】That:9、相当于that：I dont know as I can answer your question. 我不知道能否回答你的问题as (1) pron.1、That; which; who. Used after same or such:that；which；who。用在 same或 such后：I received the same grade as you did.我和你得分一样2、 Chiefly Upper Southern U.S. 【多用于美国中南部】3、Who, whom, which, or that:who，whom，which或that：Those as want to can come with me.想去的可以和我同去as (1) prep.1、In the role, capacity, or function of: 以的身份，作为充当角色、身份或功能的：acting as a mediator.充当调解人2、In a manner similar to; the same as:以相似的方式；如同：On this issue they thought as one.在这个问题上，他们意见一致习惯用语1、as isJust the way it is, with no changes or modifications: 按现状就用这种方式，不加改变或修饰：bought the samovar as is from an antique dealer.原封不动地从古董商那里买到这套俄国式茶具2、as it wereIn a manner of speaking; as if such were so.以说的方式；似乎如此As现代英汉词典adv1、同样；相同He runs fast, but I run just as fast. 他跑得快，但我跑得同样快。2、被看作；被认为是man as described by scientists 科学家所描述的人类 词性变化asconj（用于比较）与一样1、He can run as fast as I can. 他能跑得和我一样快。She works in the same building as my sister. 她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。This is the same as it was before. 这个与以前一样。2、诸如such animals as cats and dogs 诸如猫、狗之类的动物3、当；正值He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。习惯用语as is 按现状（出售），概不保证（维修） as it were 或者说He is my best friend, my second self, as it were. 他是我最好的朋友，或者说，是第二个我。as of right 依照法律 as yet 迄今，到目前为止 词性变化as （pron）1、正如，照 as you know 正如你知道的2、就而言 Hes quite good, as boys go. 就男孩儿而言，他相当不错了。 As （prep）1、像 2、（指处于某种状态、 性质、情况、工作等之中） He works as a driver. 他以开汽车为业。The kitten uses that box as a bed. 小猫把那盒子当作床。 习惯用语as if好像，好似She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。 (= as though)as long as只要You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back. 只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。 (= so long as)as of 自从；自起as of today 从今天起 (= as from)as oppesed to与不同；与相反 as though好像，好似 as to关于；至于I dont know anything as to the others. 至于其他，我一无所知。AS现代英汉大词典=Academy of Science科学院;Add-Subtract加一减;Air Speed气流速度;American Standard美国标准;Aerospace Standard 航天标准(美SAE制定);Australian Standard 澳大利亚标准;Air Station 航空站, 飞机场;Atmosphere and Space 大气层与宇宙空间;Automatic Synchronizer自动同步器As现代英汉综合大辞典adv.【化】元素砷(arsenic)的符号as 强 Az; 弱 Ezas . as 结构中的第一个as为指示副词; 第二个是连接词 同样地As tall as you象你一样高词性变化As（conj.）1、as. as 结构中第二个 as, 它往往连接一个不完整的从句, 表示比较和.一样, 象.一样2、表示方式象, 按照, 如同Run As I do.象我这样跑。Leave it As it is.保持原状, 不要动它。3、表示时间当., 的时候 , 一边.一边, 随着She sang As she worked.她一边工作一边唱歌。I saw him As he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。As a child, he lived in America. 他小时候住在美国。You will grow wiser As you grow older. 随着你年令的增长, 你会变得更聪明。4、表示原因因为, 既然As you are tired, you had better rest.(既然)你累了, 最好休息一下。5、表示结果和目的以致于, 以便Be so good As to come and join us.务请来参加我们的活动。6、表示让步虽然, 尽管Rich As he is, he is not happy. 虽然他很富, 但他并不幸福。Try As he would, he could not lift the rock. 他虽然尽了最大努力, 仍不能搬动那块石头。Aspron.1、用在 such.as; the same. as 结构中象.一样2、这一点As is well known众所周知The statemant reads in full As follows:声明全文如下:As