状语从句(完整归纳).doc

3 状语从句状语从句一 分类： 种类连接词注意区别：时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly/until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardlywhen/directly/no soonerthan/the moment/the minute/immediately有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句：theminute,themoment,everytime,thefirsttime例：Themomenthereachedthecountry,hestartedhissearch. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：directly例：Directlythemastercamein,everyonewasquiet. 校长一进来，大家就安静下来as和when、while：as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。从句表示随时间推移连词能用as，不用when 或while。till/until和nottill/until：Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。地点状语where/whereverwhere，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。原因状语Because/as/since/now that/forbecause和since、for、as、now that：because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。now that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在发生的，since可以是现在，也可以是过去和现在。条件状语if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that多用一般时态，如果表示一般将来的情况，就用一般现在时，如果表示过去将来的情况，就用一般过去时。目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lestso that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词结果状语sothat, suchthat其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。比较状语Than/asas，not so/asas/the morethe more方式状语as if, as though, as, (just)as-so，as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。让步状语Though/although/even if/even though/as，no matter what/who/which/how/when，whatever/whoever/whichever/however/whenever ，whether-or-（不管-都）as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用时间状语从句： when (当的时候) while (在期间) as (当的时候, 一边一边)before (在之前) since (自从以来) till/until (直到) hardlywhen (刚就)as soon as (一就) after (在之后) nottill/until（直到才） no soonerthan(刚就)地点状语从句： where (在那里) wherever(无论哪里)原因状语从句： because (因为) since (因为，既然) as (由于) for (为了) now that（既然） 目的状语从句： （so）that=in order that（以便） so as （not） to （ 以便不） in case（以免） lest（以免）结果状语从句： so+adj./adv.+that（如此以致） so that（结果）such+n.+that（如果以致） that（所以，因此）让步状语从句：though/although不可同but连用。though/although （虽然） however （可是） even though（即使） even if （即使）no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever（不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时）比较状语从句：as （正如） asas（和一样） not as/so as （不如） than（比更）the+比较级+the+比较级 （越越）条件状语从句：if（假设） unless（如果不） so long as（只要） on condition that （如果）方式状语从句：as（像那样地） just as（正像） as if（好像） as though（好像）二 各种状语从句的简化方法：状语从句由when/while/as/once/whenever引导的时间状语从句当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，且谓语动词为be，常省略从句的主语和谓语be.祥解请看状语从句由if/unless引导的条件状语从句由though/although/even though/even if引导的让步状语从句由because引导的原因状语从句由wherever引导的地点状语从句1 以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于after/before+doing sth.作状语。例：After she sang，she left the rich mans house = After singing，she left the rich mans house2 以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语，此时的动词为非延续性动词。例：Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village= Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village3 时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。例：She stopped when she saw her husband = She stopped to see her husband If you want to understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside = To understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside4 结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。例：He was so tied that he couldnt go any further= He was too tied to go any further I came here so that I could ask some questions= I came here(in order) to ask some questions5 以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例：When he turned on the radio，he found it broken= When turning on the radio，he found it brokenWhile she was walking along the street，she was hit by a car= While walking along the street，she was hit by a car6 原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。例：Since l didnt know Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English= Not knowing Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。例：As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house = Thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house7 在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。例：When the film start appeared, the children got exited= The film start appearing，the children got exited If all the work is done, you can have a rest= With all the work done，you can have a rest Nothing can live if there is no air= Nothing can live without air8 让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语；不一致时，常简化为with或in spite of介词短语作状语。例：Although he faced his death，he didnt say anything before the enemy = Facing the death，he didnt say anything before the enemy. Although there was danger，he rushed out to carry the boy to safety = In spite of danger，he rushed out to carry the boy to safety 三表示一就的结构 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示一就的意思， 例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.四As引导的让步状语从句的倒装：1形容词+as+主语+系动词：例：Tired as he is, he offers to help me. 尽管他已经很累了，他还是主动提出帮助我。2过去分词+as+主语+系动词：例：Well-known as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.尽管这本书写得很好,作者