遗传育种相关名词中英文对照.doc

中英文对照的分子育种相关名词3untranslated region (3UTR)3非翻译区5untranslated region (5; UTR)5非翻译区A chromosome A 染色体AATAAA 多腺苷酸化信号aberration 崎变abiogenesis非生源说accessory chromosome 副染色体accessory nucleus 副核accessory protein辅助蛋白accident variance 偶然变异Ac-Ds system Ac-Ds 系统acentric chromosome无着丝粒染色体acentric fragment 无着丝粒片段acentric ring 无着丝粒环achromatin 非染色质acquired character获得性状acrocentric chromosome 近端着丝粒染色体acrosyndesis 端部联会activating transcription factor 转录激活因子activator 激活剂activator element 激活单元activator protein( AP)激活蛋白activator-dissociation system Ac-Ds 激活解离系统active chromatin 活性染色质active site活性部位adaptation 适应adaptive peak 适应高峰adaptive surface 适应面addition 附加物addition haploid 附加单倍体addition line 附加系additive effect加性效应additive gene加性基因additive genetic variance加性遗传方差additive recombination 插人重组 additive resistance累加抗性adenosine 腺昔adenosine diphosphate (ADP )腺昔二鱗酸 adenosine triphosphate( ATP)腺昔三憐酸 adjacent segregation 相邻分离 A- form DNA A 型 DNA akinetic chromosome无着丝粒染色体akinetic fragment 无着丝粒片断 alien addition monosomic 外源单体生物 alien chromosome substitution 外源染色体代换 alien species 外源种alien-addition cell hybrid 异源附加细胞杂种alkylating agent 焼化剂allele 等位基因allele center 等位基因中心allele linkage analysis等位基因连锁分析allele specific oligonucleotide(ASO)等位基因特异的寡核苷酸allelic complement 等位（基因）互补allelic diversity 等位（基因）多样化allelic exclusion等位基因排斥allelic inactivation 等位（基因）失活allelic interaction 等位（基因）相互作用allelic recombination 等位（基因）重组allelic replacement 等位（基因）置换allelic series 等位（基因）系列allelic variation 等位（基因）变异allelism 等位性allelotype 等位（基因）型allodiploid异源二倍体allohaploid 异源单倍体allopatric speciation 异域种alloploidy异源倍性allopolyhaploid异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid 异源多倍体allosyndesis 异源联会allotetraploid 异源四倍体alloheteroploid异源异倍体alternation of generation世代交替alternative transcription 可变转录alternative transcription initiation可变转录起始Alu repetitive sequence, Alu family Alu 重复序列，Alu 家族 ambiguous codon多义密码子ambisense genome双义基因组ambisense RNA 双义 RNAaminoacyl-tRNA binding site氨酰基tRNA接合位点aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 氨酰基tRNA连接酶amixis 无融合 amorph无效等位基因amphidiploid 双二倍体 amphipolyploid 双多倍体 amplicon 扩增子 amplification扩增amplification primer扩增引物analysis of variance方差分析anaphase (分裂）后期 anaphase bridge (分裂）后期桥 anchor cell锚状细胞androgamete 雄配子 aneuhaploid 非整倍单倍体 aneuploid非整倍体animal genetics动物遗传学annealing 复性antibody 抗体 anticoding strand 反编码链 anticodon 反密码子 anticodon arm 反密码子臂 anticodon loop反密码子环antiparallel 反向平行 antirepressor 抗阻抑物 antisense RNA 反义 RNA antisense strand 反义链apogamogony无融合结实apogamy 无配子生殖 apomixis无融合生殖arm ratio (染色体)臂比artificial gene人工基因artificial selection人工选择asexual hybridization无性杂交asexual propagation无性繁殖asexual reproduction无性生殖assortative mating 选型交配asynapsis 不联会asynaptic gene 不联会基因 atavism 返祖atelocentric chromosome非端着丝粒染色体attached X chromosome 并连 X 染色体attachment site 附着位点attenuation 衰减attenuator 衰减子autarchic gene 自效基因auto-alloploid 同源异源体autoallopolyploid 同源异源多倍体autobivalent同源二阶染色体auto-diploid同源二倍体；自体融合二倍体autodiploidization同源 二倍化autoduplication 自体复制autogenesis自然发生autogenomatic同源染色体组autoheteroploidy 同源异倍性autonomous transposable element 自主转座单元autonomously replicating sequence(ARS)自主复制序列autoparthenogenesis 自发单性生殖autopolyhaploid同源多倍单倍体autopolyploid 同源多倍体autoradiogram 放射自显影图autosyndetic pairing 同源配对autotetraploid 同源四倍体autozygote 同合子auxotroph营养缺陷体B chromosome B 染色体B1，first backcross generation 回交第一代B2，second backcross generation回交第二代back mutation 回复突变backcross 回交 backcross hybrid回交杂种backcross parent回交亲本backcross ratio回交比率background genotype 背景基因型bacterial artification chromosome( BAC )细菌人工染色体 Bacterial genetics细菌遗传学Bacteriophage 噬菌体 balanced lethal平衡致死balanced lethal gene平衡致死基因balanced linkage平衡连锁balanced load 平衡负荷 balanced polymorphism平衡多态现象balanced rearrangements 平衡重组 balanced tertiary trisomic 平衡三级三体 balanced translocation 平衡异位 balancing selection 平衡选择 band analysis谱带分析banding pattern (染色体)带型 basal transcription apparatus基础转录装置base analog 碱基类似物 base analogue 类減基 base content 减基含量 base exchange碱基交换base pairing mistake碱基配对错误base pairing rules碱基配对法则base substitution减基置换base transition减基转换base transversion减基颠换base-pair region碱基配对区base-pair substitution碱基配对替换basic number of chromosome染色体基数behavioral genetics行为遗传学behavioral isolation行为隔离bidirectional replication双向复制bimodal distribution 双峰分布 binary fission 二分裂 binding protein 结合蛋白binding site结合部位binucleate phase 双核期 biochemical genetics生化遗传学biochemical mutant 生化突变体 biochemical polymorphism生化多态性bioethics生物伦理学biogenesis 生源说 bioinformatics生物信息学biological diversity生物多样性biometrical genetics生物统计遗传学（简称生统遗传学)bisexual reproduction两性生殖bisexuality 两性现象bivalent 二价体blending inheritance 混合遗传blot transfer apparatus 印迹转移装置blotting membrane 印迹膜bottle neck effect 瓶颈效应branch migration 分支迁移breed variety 品种breeding 育种，培育;繁殖，生育breeding by crossing 杂交育种法breeding by separation 分隔育种法breeding coefficient 繁殖率breeding habit繁殖习性breeding migration 生殖回游，繁殖回游breeding period 生殖期breeding place 繁殖地breeding population繁殖种群breeding potential繁殖能力，育种潜能breeding range 繁殖幅度breeding season 繁殖季节breeding size 繁殖个体数breeding system 繁殖系统breeding true 纯育breeding value 育种值broad heritability 广义遗传率bulk selection 集团选择C0，acentric无着丝粒的Cl,monocentric单着丝粒C2, dicentric双着丝粒的C3,tricentric 三着丝粒的candidate gene候选基因candidate-gene approach 候选基因法Canpbenmodel坎贝尔模型 carytype染色体组型，核型catabolite activator protein 分解活化蛋白catabolite repression 分解代谢产物阻遏catastrophism 灾变说cell clone细胞克隆cell cycle 细胞周期cell determination细胞决定cell division 细胞分裂cell division cycle gene(CDC gene) 细胞分裂周期基因ceU division lag细胞分裂延迟cell fate细胞命运cell fusion 细胞融合cell genetics细胞的遗传学cell hybridization 细胞杂交cell sorter细胞分类器cell strain 细胞株cell-cell communication 细胞间通信center of variation 变异中心centimorgan(cM) 厘摩central dogma中心法则central tendency 集中趋势centromere DNA 着丝粒 DNAcentromere interference 着丝粒干扰centromere 着丝粒centromeric exchange ( CME)着丝粒交换 centromeric inactivation着丝粒失活centromeric sequence( CEN sequence)中心粒序列character divergence 性状趋异 chemical genetics 化学遗传学 chemigenomics 化学基因组学 chiasma centralization 交叉中化 chiasma terminalization 交叉端化chimera异源嵌合体 Chi-square (x2) test卡方检验chondriogene 线粒体基因chorionic villus sampling绒毛膜取样chromatid abemition染色单体畸变 chromatid break染色单体断裂 chromatid bridge 染色单体桥 chromatid interchange染色单体互换chromatid interference染色单体干涉chromatid segregation 染色单体分离 chromatid tetrad 四分染色单体 chromatid translocation 染色单体异位 chromatin agglutination 染色质凝聚 chromosomal aberration 染色体崎变 chromosomal assignment 染色体定位 chromosomal banding 染色体显带 chromosomal disorder 染色体病 chromosomal elimination染色体消减chromosomal inheritance 染色体遗传 chromosomal interference 染色体干扰 chromosomal location 染色体定位 chromosomal locus染色体位点chromosomal mutation 染色体突变 chromosomal pattern 染色体型 chromosomal polymorphism染色体多态性chromosomal rearrangement 染色体质量排 chromosomal reproduction 染色体增殖 chromosomal RNA 染色体 RNA chromosomal shift 染色体变迁，染色体移位 chromosome aberration染色体畸变chromosome arm染色体臂chromosome association 染色体联合 chromosome banding pattern 染色体带型 chromosome behavior 染色体动态 chromosome blotting 染色体印迹 chromosome breakage 染色体断裂 chromosome bridge染色体桥chromosome coiling 染色体螺旋chromosome condensation 染色体浓缩 chromosome constriction 染色体缢痕 chromosome cycle 染色体周期 chromosome damage 染色体损伤 chromosome deletion 染色体缺失 chromosome disjunction 染色体分离 chromosome doubling 染色体加倍 chromosome duplication 染色体复制 chromosome elimination染色体丢失chromosome engineering 染色体工程 chromosome evolution染色体进化chromosome exchange 染色体交换 chromosome fusion染色体融合chromosome gap 染色体间隙 chromosome hopping 染色体跳移 chromosome interchange 染色体交换 chromosome interference 染色体干涉 chromosome jumping 染色体跳查 chromosome knob染色体结chromosome loop染色体环chromosome lose染色体丢失 chromosome map染色体图chromosome mapping 染色体作图 chromosome matrix 染色体基质 chromosome mutation染色体突变chromosome non-disjunction染色体不分离chromosome paring染色体配对chromosome polymorphism 染色体多态性chromosome puff染色体疏松chromosome rearrangement染色体质量排chromosome reduplication 染色体再加倍chromosome repeat染色体质量叠chromosome scaffold 染色体支架chromosome segregation 染色体分离chromosome set 染色体组chromosome stickiness染色体粘性 chromosome theory of heredity 染色体遗传学说chromosome theory of inheritance 染色体遗传学说chromosome thread 染色体丝 chromosome walking 染色体步查 chromosome-mediated gene transfer染色体中介基因转移chromosomology染色体学CIB method CIB法;性连锁致死突变出现频率检测法circular DNA 环林 DNAcis conformation 顺式构象cis dominance 顺式显性cis-heterogenote顺式杂基因子cis-regulatory element 顺式调节兀件cis-trans test 顺反测验 cladogram 进化树cloning vector 克隆载体C-meiosis C减数分裂 C-metaphase C 中期 C-mitosis C有丝分裂code degeneracy密码简并coding capacity编码容量coding ratio 密码比coding recognition site密码识别位置coding region 编码区coding sequence编码序列coding site编码位置coding strand 密码链coding triplet 编码三联体codominance 共显性codon bias 密码子偏倚codon type密码子型coefficient of consanguinity 近亲系数coefficient of genetic determination遗传决定系数coefficient of hybridity杂种系数coefficient of inbreeding 近交系数coefficient of migration 迁移系数coefficient of relationship 亲缘系数coefficient of variability 变异系数coevolution 协同进化coinducer协诱导物cold sensitive mutant 冷敏感突变体colineartiy 共线性 combining ability 配合力 comparative genomics 比较基因组学 competence 感受态 competent cell感受态细胞 competing groups竞争类群competition advantage 竞争优势 competitive exclusion principle竞争排斥原理complementary DNA (cDNA)互补 DNA complementary gene互补基因complementation test 互补测验 complete linkage完全连锁complete selection完全选择complotype补体单元型composite transposon复合转座子conditional gene条件基因conditional lethal 条件致死 conditional mutation条件突变consanguinity 近亲 consensus sequence共有序列conservative transposition保守转座constitutive heterochromatin 组成型染色质 continuous variation 连续变异 convergent evolution 趋同进化 cooperativity 协同性coordinately controlled genes 协同控制基因core promoter element 核心启动子core sequence核心序列co-repressor协阻抑物 correlation coefficient相关系数cosegregation共分离cosuppression 共抑制 cotranfection 共转染 cotranscript共转录物cotranscriptional processing共转录过程cotransduction 共转导 cotransformation 共转化cotranslational secrection 共翻译分泌counterselection 反选择 coupling phase 互引相covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)共价闭合环状 DNA covariation 相关变异 criss-cross inheritance交叉遗传cross 杂交 crossability 杂交性 crossbred 杂种 cross-campatibility杂交亲和性cioss-infertility 杂交不育性crossing over 交换 crossing-over map 交换图 crossing-over value 交换值 crossover products交换产物crossover rates 交换率 crossover reducer 交换抑制因子 crossover suppressor 交换抑制因子 crossover unit交换单位crossover value值crossover-type gamete 交换型配子 C-value paradox C 值悖论cybrid 胞质杂种cyclin 细胞周期蛋白 cytidme 胞苷cytochimera 细胞嵌合体 cytogenetics细胞遗传学cytohet 胞质杂合子 cytologic 细胞学的 cytological map 细胞学图 cytoplasm细胞质 cytoplasmic genome胞质基因组cytoplasmic heredity细胞质遗传cytqplasmic incompatibility细胞质不亲和性cytoplasmic inheritance 细胞质遗传 cytoplasmic male sterility细胞质雄性不育cytoplasmic mutation细胞质突变cytofdasmic segregation 细胞质分离 cytoskeleton 细胞骨架Darwin 达尔文Darwinian fitness达尔文适合度Darwinism 达尔文学说daughter cell 子细胞daughter chromatid 子染色体daughter chromosome 子染色体 deformylase去甲酰酶degenerate code简并密码degenerate primer简并引物degenerate sequence简并序列degenerated codon 简并密码子 degeneration退化degree of dominance 显性度 delayed inheritance延迟遗传deletant 缺失体 deletion 缺失 deletion loop 缺失环 deletion mapping缺失作图deletion mutation缺失突变denatured DNA 变性 DNA denatured protein变性蛋白denaturing gel 变性胶denaturing gel electrophoresis 变性凝胶电泳 denaturing gradient polyacrylamide gel变性聚丙稀酰胺凝胶density gradient centrifugation 密度梯度离心 density gradient separation 密度梯度分离deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent DNA polymerase 依赖于 DNA 的 DNA 聚合酶 derived line衍生系derived type衍生类型developmental genetics发育遗传学developmental pathway发育途径dicentric bridge 双粒染色体桥dicentric chromosome双着丝粒染色体differential staining technique显带技术differentiation center分化中心dihaploid双单倍体,dihybrid双因子杂种dihybrid cross 双因子杂交dimorphism 二态性 diploidization 二倍化 diploidize 二倍化 diploidized haploid二倍化的单倍体direct cross 正交 direct repeat 同向重复（序列） direct selection 正选择 directed mutagenesis 正向突变 discontinuous variation 不连续变异 distant hybrid 远缘杂种 distant hybridization 远缘杂交 diversity center多样性中心diversity curve多样性曲线diversity gene ( D gene) D 基因 diversity indices多样性指数diversity of species 种的多样性 diversity region ( D region) D 区；多变区 DNA alkylation DNA 烧化DNA amplification DNA 扩增DNA amplification in vitro DNA 体外扩增DNA amplification polymorphism DNA 扩增多态性DNA breakage DNA 断裂DNA database DNA 数据库DNA degradation DNA 降解DNA denaturation DNA 变性DNA detection DNA 检测DNA distortion DNA 变形DNA duplex DNA 双链体DNA duplicase DNA 复合酶DNA element DNA 单元DNA evolution DNA 进化DNA fingerprint DNA 指纹DNA fingerprinting DNA 指纹分析DNA homology DNA 同源性DNA hybridization DNA 杂交DNA jumping technique DNA 跳查技术DNA melting DNA 解链DNA methylation DNA 甲基化DNA modification DNA 修饰DNA modification restriction system DNA 修饰限制系统DNA nicking DNA 切 口形成 DNA oxidation DNA 氧化DNA packaging DNA 包装DNA pairing DNA 配对 DNA pitch DNA 螺距DNA polymorphism DNA 多态性DNA probe DNA 探针 DNA puff DNA 泡DNA purification DNA 纯化DNA recombination DNA 重组DNA redundant 多余 DNADNA repair DNA 修复DNA replication DNA 复制DNA replication enhancer DNA 复制增强子DNA replication origin DNA 复制起点DNA replication site DNA 复制点DNA sealase DNA 连接酶DNA sequence analysis DNA 序列分析DNA sizing gene DNA大小决定基因DNA strand exchange DNA 链交换DNA strand separation DNA 链分离DNA strand transfer protein DNA 链转移蛋白DNA template DNA 模板DNA thermal cycler DNA 热循环仪DNA topoisomerase DNA 拓扑异构酶DNA transcript DNA 转录物DNA transposon DNA 转座子DNA twist DNA 扭曲 DNA typing DNA 分型 DNA untwisting DNA 解旋 DNA unwinding enzyme DNA 解旋酶 DNA unwinding protein DNA 解旋蛋白 DNA-agar technique DNA 琼脂技术 DNAase I footprinting DNA 酶 I 足迹法 DNAase-free reagent 无 DNA 酶试剂 DNA-binding domain DNA 结合域DNA-binding motif DNA 结合基序 DNA-binding protein DNA 结合蛋白 DNA-polymerase DNA 聚合酶 DNA-protein complex DNA -蛋白质复合体 DNA-protein interaction DNA _ 蛋白质相互作用 DNA-restriction enzyme DNA 限制酶DNA-RNA hybrid DNA-RNA 杂交体DNase-free 不含 DNA 酶的dominance显性dominance type 优势型dominance variance 显性方差dominant allele显性等位基因dominant effect显性效应dominant gene显性基因dominant gene mutation显性基因突变dominant lethal 显性致死dominant phenotype显性表型donor DNA 供体 DNAdonor organism 供体生物dosage compensation 剂量补偿作用dotting blotting 点溃法double crossing over 双交换double fertilization 汉受精duplicate genes重复基因duplication重复duplicon 重复子dyad 二分体dynamic selection 动态选择 ecological genetics 生态遗传学 ecological isolation 生态隔离 ecological niche 生态小境 ectopic expression异位表达ectopic integration 异位整合 effective population size 有效群体大小 embryoid 胚状体embryonic stem cells( ES cells)胚胎干细胞 endocrine signal内分泌信号endogamy近亲繁殖endomitosis 核内有丝分裂 endonuclease 内切核酸酶 endopolyploidy 核内多倍体 environment 环境 environmental variance环境方差environmental variation环境变异epigenesis 后成说 epigenetic inheritance后生遗传epigenetically silenced 后生沉默 episome 附加体 epistasis上位性epistatic dominance 超显性 epistatic gene上位基因equal segregation均等分离equational division 均等分裂 equilibrium population平衡群体Expressed Sequence Tag(EST)表达序列标签 euchromatin 常染色质 euchromatin常染色质 eugenics 优生学 euhaploid整单倍体eukaryote真核生物eukaryotic chromosome 真核染色体eukaryotic cell真核细胞eukaryotic organism真核生物eukaryotic vector 真核载体 euphenics 优型学 euploid 整倍体 evolutional load进化负荷evolutionary divergence 进化趋异 evolutionary genetics 进化遗传学 evolutionaiy rate进化速率excision repair切除修复exconjugant 接合后体 excretion vector 分泌型载体 exit site 萌发点 exogenote外基因子exogenous gene 外源基因exonuclease 外切核酸酶 expression cloning 表达克隆 expression library表达文库expression mutation表达突变expression plasmid表达质粒expression product表达产物expression screening 表达筛选 extinguisher loci消失基因座，灭绝基因座extirpated species 绝迹种 extrachromosomal inheritance染色体外遗传extra-chromosome超数染色体，额外染色体extranuclear inheritance核外遗传F1 generationF1代，子一代F2 generation F2 代，子二代 facultative heterochromatin兼性异染色质familial trait 家族性状 family selection家系选择feedback suppression反馈抑制female gamete 雌配子 fertility factor 致育因子 filial generation 子代 fingerprint 指纹 finite population 有限群体 first division segregation第一次分裂分离first division segregation pattern第一次分裂分离模式flanking sequence 侧翼序列 flow cytometry流式细胞仪fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH )荧光原位杂交fluorescent primer荧光引物fluorescent probe荧光探针formyl methionine (fMet)甲酰甲硫氨酸foot printing足迹法foreign DNA外源 DNAforward genetics正向遗传学forward mutation正向突变forward primer 正向引物founder effect 建立者效应four strand double crossing over四线双交换full-sib 全同胞functional genomics 功能基因组学 functional RNA 功能 RNA gain-of-function mutation功能获得性突变gamete 配子 gametic 配子的gametic incompatibility 配子不亲和性 gametic lethal 配子致死 gametic linkage配子连锁gametic meiosis配子减数分裂gametic ratio配子分离比gametoclonal variation 配子无性系变异 gametophyte 配子体G-band G带；中期染色体带GC box GC 框GC tailing GC 加尾gel electrophoresis凝胶电泳gemetic sterility配子不育gene activation 基因激活gene activity 基因活性gene amplification 基因扩增gene analysis基因分析gene arrangement基因排列gene balance 基因平衡gene basis 基因基础gene batteries 基因群gene block 基因区段gene carrier 基因携带者gene ce