初中英语语法专题--副词.doc

初中英语语法专题-副词一、副词定义：1. 用来说明事情或动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词2. 用来说明其它形容词或副词程度的词二、副词的分类副词按词汇意义和句法功能可分为时间副词、地点副词、频度副词、程度副词、方式副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词等。初中主要学习和掌握频度副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词即可。J考点一 副词的分类与位置1、表频率的副词常见的频率副词有：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly,seldom.它们一般在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，.He always goes to school on foot. She has never been to Beijing. She is often late for work.2、表示方式的副词与方式相关的副词，如safely,quietly,quickly，politely loudly， luckily ，happily ，easily ，carefully ， slowly ， suddenly以及fast,late,hard,early等。此类副词位于动词之后，如果是及物动词一般位于宾语之后。The children are dancing happily. They work hard.The students did their homework carefully.3程度副词与程度相关的副词有：very , much , only, quite , as, too, toofor, tooto do, well, almost, even, a little , enough , rather, a lot , so,such , badly, nearly , further , really , widely , hardly , a bit等。它们一般位于被修饰的词前面，但enough要放在被修饰的词后面。I can hardly know her name.The cake is so deliciousHe was badly hurt .He worked hard enough.4 表时间、地点、方向的副词（1）与时间相关的副词有: ago ,already, before, early, long, late, just, now, once, soon,since, today, tomorrow ,tonight ,yesterday, yet等。它们通常位于句末，有些也可位于句中如：already等。Theyll come back soon. They have finished the work already.=They have already finished the work.（2）与地点、方向相关的副词经常位于动词之后与动词搭配构成短语动词。outside, inside , upstair ,here ,there ,home, near, come back , turn left , go out三、副词的考点J考点1、副词的用法和位置1).修饰动词作状语，位于动词后。He walked quietly into his bedroom. It is raining hard .2).修饰形容词作状语，位于形容词前。You have a very nice watch. The machine is too heavy.3).修饰另一副词作状语，位于另一副词前。You walked too slowly, I couldnt wait for you. 4）有时候也修饰整个句子Unfortunately，he was out.J考点2、副词的构成：（1） 多数形容词+ly变成副词 . 大多数副词以ly结尾recent -recently sadsadly slow-slowly clearclearly finalfinally realreally kind- - kindly, careful- carefully, Silent-silently peaceful-peacefully Safe-safely （2）以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词需改y为i加ly变成副词 happy- happily, heavy- heavily, easy- easily, lucky- luckily, angry-angrily, (3)形容词不去e加ly变来的副词 polite-politely, wide-widely, Safe-safely, extreme- extremely (4)形容词需去e加ly变来的副词 True - Truly, gentle -gently, comfortable- comfortably possible-possibly simple -simply terrible-terribly 特殊：good（形容词）well（副词）好地 (well adj 身体健康的) J考点3、副词的比较等级副词的比较等级构成1.规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词一般在词尾加er或esthardharderhardest以e结尾的只加r或stwidewiderwidest一辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加er或est:early-earlier-earliest多音节词和部分双音节词加more，mostcarefully usefullymore carefullymore usefullymost carefullymost usefully注意：形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，但是副词最高级前则可要可不要。2. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远) further（进一步）farthest(最远) furthest（最大程度）3.副词比较等级的用法1. “（not）as/so + 副词原级 + as ”。这一结构表示两者相似或前者不如后者。例如： You dont get up so/as early as I. 你没我起得早。2. “ as + 副词原级 + as possible/ one can ”。这一结构表示尽可能地做某事。例如： Please get here as soon as possible/you can. 请尽快赶到这儿来。3. “ 副词比较级 + than ”。这一结构表示比对方强。例如： Mike works more carefully than Jack. 迈克工作比杰克细心。4. “ 副词比较级 + and + (同一)副词比较级”。表示越来越、例如： He ran faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快。5. “ the + 副词比较级， the + 副词比较级”。这一结构表示“越、就越、”例如： The better I knew him, the more I like him. 我越了解他，就越喜欢他。6. “ 副词最高级 + 比较范围 ”。这一结构中，比较范围常为含有介词in, of 或 among的短语。 例如： He studies (the) hardest among the boys. 在那群男生里，他学习最用功。考点4、易错知识点辨析1.兼有两种形式的副词1) close与closelyclose意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 与latelylate意思是晚； lately 意思是最近You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3)deep与deeplydeep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchThe plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.6)free与freelyfree的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.2.几组易混副词1、hard和hardly的区别(一)、hard可用作形容词或副词：1. 当hard用作形容词时，意为“困难的、坚固的、努力的”等。例如：Its hard for old people to change their ways. Steel is harder than wood. 2. 当hard用作副词时，意为“努力的、困难的、猛烈地”等。例如：Does Tom work hard at his lessons? Its raining hard outside now. Dont go out. (二)、hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎没有、几乎不”。例如：I can hardly see anything on the blackboard. My father hardly ever watches TV. 2、much too和too much区别（一）(too) much 中心词是much1相当于形容词，意为“more than enough”，用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。如： Americans eat too much meat in my opinionI drank too much cola last nightThe work is too much for her Shes afraid the trip will be too much for me2相当于名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。如： Too much was happening all at onceYou have given me too much 3相当于副词，在句子中作状语。如：You work too muchShe talks too much（二）(much) too 中心词为toomuch too的用法比较简单，只用作副词作状语，但它不单独使用，在句子中要修饰形容词或副词，但不修饰动词。如：You are much too kind to meIts much too coldYou are driving much too fast【练习】1.we should not eat junk food .A.too much B.much too C.too many D.much too 2. its _ hot in august in Nanjing . A .many too B . much too C . very too D .to much 3. We dont have _ time to work every year. A much too B so many C too much D too many 答案1-3 ABC四、also ,too, as well ,either, neither 意思 区别Also 表示也是比较正式的用词, also 一般用于句子中,其位置在行为动词之前,动词to be之后。如有助动词或情态动词，一般应在助动词或情态动词后，为了强调，也可放在前面。too 是普通用词,口语中用的多,too常置于句末，前面可用逗号，如置于句中，其前后均有逗号。 注意: also,too只能用于肯定句。 either 用于否定句中，表示前者不、，后者也不、，其位置一般放在句尾。Neither 表示两者都不。I also went. You are also wrong. He is a singer ,too. He,too,is a singer. He didnt go there. I didnt either. In neither case can I agree. Neither of them wants to stop for a rest 3) as well as 表示“不但而且”“既是也是”“而且”“还”。如：He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既种菜也种花。She shares (in) my troubles as well as my joys.她与我同甘共苦。They have a flat in town as well as a place in the country.他们在城里有一套公寓，在乡村还有一所房子。注：有时还可译为“除之外，还”，与besides, in addition to的用法相似。如：As well as learning to swim he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer.今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，他还在上西班牙语课。弄清强调重点,A as well as B这一结构强调的重点是A不是B，即A as well as B=not only B but also A，注意体会以下例句的译文：She is clever as well as beautiful.她不但漂亮，而且聪明。He speaks Spanish as well as English and French.他不仅会说英语和法语，而且会说西班牙语。Actors have to learn their cues as well as their own lines.演员不仅要记住台词，还要记住其他演员的暗示。五、already、yet、still的区别1）already是已经,用在肯定句中,用在完成时中比较多,比如Ive already been to London.2）yet是还用于否定句,如I havent gone there yet.此外yet还有但是的意思,有时可以和but互换,比如The authorities claim that the situation in the area has been under control, yet the fact is not the case.(当局声称此地区局势已得到控制,但事实并不是那么回事.)3） still是仍然,如He should have been killed in the accident, but he is still alive.(他本应在事故中丧生,但他活着.)六、ometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some timesometimes (有时)用于一般现在时、 sometime (在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times (数次)表示次数、 some time (一些时间)表示一段时间。e.g. Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.I will stay here some time.I will meet your father sometime.题型1.选词填空 （一） luckily / lucky / unlucky / unluckily 1.That was an boy .he lost his parents in the earthquake 2. It rained hard. ,the children took umbrellas with them ,so they didnt get wet. 3.He is to pass the exam 4. A terrible car accident happened to him. , he didnt lose hos life （二）easy easily easier more easily 1If you have more knowledge .you can deal with the problems . 2. The question looks . I m sure I can work out it by myself. 3. In generally,it is to say than to do (三） success successful successfully succeed 1. Dont worry . I heard that the airplane has landed at the airport. 2.If you become people will watch you all the time.3. If you try your best, you will .4. Attitude is everything. Details (细节)decide .（四 ）happy happily happier more happily 1. Because of having parents love, I can grow up .2.Look . The children are playing over there. 3. The busier he is,the he feel .（五 ）safe safely safety 1.School is the serious problem 2.Please drive more slowly. is the first. 3. Although we were in trouble . we got there 4. To be is important to everyone. （六） careful carefullly 1. Liu Ming is a girl . She does everything . 2.Please be . There is too much triffic on the road. 3. You didnt write enough . I cant see clearly 题型2.单选题1.Do you think yesterdays math problem was difficult? Yes. I could _ work it out. Ahardly Beasily Cfinally Dnearly2.-Dont worry.My mother will look after your baby _. -Thanks a lot.A. careful enough B. enough careful C. carefully enough3.The Internet is very useful for us. We can find information. A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly4. As we all know, smoking is bad for us ,_ for children. A. especially B. recently C. probably D. nearly5.Sometimes it rains _in Xian in summer. A.heavyB .heavilyC.strongD.strongly6.He doesnt play the violin so as his father. A. good B. better C. well D. best7.She sang a song I believe I can fly in Yangzhou English Contest. I have never heard a _ voice than that before. Agood Bwell C better DBest8.She likes reading and_.A. so I do B. I do so C. I like so D. so do I9.-I wont go to the Great Wall tomorrow.-I wont, _.A. neither B. either C. too D. also 10.He is _ tired that he cant go any farther.A. so B. such C. very D. tooWhen you do eye-exercise, you must keep your eyes_.A. close B. closes C. closing D. closed11.Its a windy day. Youd better_ the windows.A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close 12.Bruce often _ his left hand _.A. keep; close B. keeps; closedC. keep; closed D. keeps; close 13. It is very hot. Please keep the door .A. open B. opening C. opens D. opened14. The city is_ than the town away from the river.A. far B. farther C. further D. much far 15.Do you need _ explanation to the question?A. more far B. any further C. farther D. any far 中考链接( )1.(2010兰州) -Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike? -Id like to go . A.nowhere interesting B.interesting anywhere C.somewhere interesting D.interesting,somewhere( )2.(2010衡阳) The more people drive, the traffic accidents there will be. A.careful;less B.carefully;fewer C. Careful;fewer ( )3.(2010合肥) -Did you find the small village yesterday? -Yes, without any difficulty, for it has changed over years. A. hardly B. greatly C. clearly D. nearly( )4. （2011苏州）If you dont work enough, I dont think your dream will come . A.hardly;truly B.hardly;true C.hard;true D. hard;truly ( ) 5.（2011兰州） He said he would come to see us _ the next afternoon. A.sometime B.some time C. sometimes D. some times( )6.（2011芜湖） Jack is good at drawing. I think no one draws . A. better B.best C.worse D. worst( )7. （2011杭州）Its too late to invite any more people. _ , you know how Tim hates parties. A. Besides B. However C. Still D. Instead ( ) 8. （2011滨州）- Do you often go to the gym? -No, . I dont like sports at all. A.always B. never C. sometimes D. usually( ) 9. （2011黄冈）-Did Kate do best in the finally exam? -No, but of all the students she did _ . A.the most careful B. more careful C. most carefully D.more carefully( ) 10.（2011太原） The bag that my grandpa made for me_ gets out of style, but it is still best thing in my mind. A. usually B. normally C. gradually ( )11. （2011广州）-Steve is good at writing short stories. -So he is. But he writes than us. So he cant get good grades in writing. A.most carefully B.more carefully C. less carefully D. least carefully( ) 12. （2012佛山）-Did you go to the cinema to see 3D Titanic last night? -No, I go to the cinema. The tickets are too expensive. A. hardly B. nearly C. still D.only( )13.（2012无锡）Mans understanding of nature is developing . It never stays at the same level. A.