定语从句中关系副词的用法.doc

定语从句中关系副词的用法关系副词，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：1.表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. Ill never forget the day when I joined the army. 2.表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句 where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3.表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job.又如：This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the beach.*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.*This is the hospital where my mother works.*This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.*The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.*This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Marys birthday party. (for which=why)有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.3) 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。 例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall. He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12. I dont know the exact spot where they will meet. Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。 Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace? The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.4) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词 + which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。I may leave here any time I want to.During the time I was there I visited him twice.This is my second time I have come to your country.5) “which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not follow.定语从句专项练习1This is the place_ John was born? Awhich Bwhere C. when Dthat2. He is the only person _ I want to talk to. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 3Is this problem _the teacher explained last week? A the one Bthat Cwhich Done4The high building _ stand four policemen is the police station Awhich Bthat Cin front of it D. in front of which5My mother will give Mary a model plane_ she will like to play Awhich Bthat Cfor which Dwith which6The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far away village. Auntil Bthat C whenDwhere7There are times_ I wonder why I do this job Aas Bwhile Cwhich Dwhen8After living in London for thirty years，Mr Smith returned to the small town_ he grew up as a child A which Bwhere C that Dwhen9They had a long talk about the persons and things_ they both knew Awhom Bwhat C. that Dwhich10That is the very book_ I am looking for. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Das11Who is the scientist_ is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday? Athat Bwho C. which Dwhom12I dont like the way_ you speak to your teacher A Bin that C. which Dof which13Could you tell me when to get the book_ I want to read? Awhat Bwho C Dit14The days_ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten. A. when Bwhich Cwho Don which15A pen friend of mine_ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins. Awho Bwhom Cto who Dfrom whom16. Dont forget the day_ you were admitted to Beijing University. Awhen Bthat Cat which D. where17Perhaps this is the only shop_ you can get such cheap goods. A. that Bof which Cby which Dwhere18I can still remember the place_ my brother and I used to sit in the evening. Awhich Bwhat C .that Dwhere 19_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As20All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. what C. that D. which21He was seriously ill when he was a child, _ made him lose his sight. A. as B. that C. which D. it 22In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ he could turn for help. A. that B. to whom C. who D. from whom 23He told the same story _ I told. A. that B. which C. as D. it24The best work is that _ Tom has done. A. it B. which C. when D. where25. The first thing _ we should do is to water the flowers in front of the room. A. which B. as C. what D. that 26. Any girls _ knew him were teachers. A. where B. that C. they D. whom 27. The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog _ were just passing by. A. which B. as C. that D. who28That is the hotel _ we stayed last year. A. in that B. in which C. why D. at which29. This is the reason _ we made Mr Li headmaster of our school. A. where B. when C. before D. why30. The student who does well in his lesson is the monitor _ is very modest and studies hard. A. who B. that C. as D. which 答案与简析： 1B. 先行词是地点，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 2. A. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词常用that。3A. 缺少先行词，故选A, 作宾语的关系代词省略。 4D介词+关系代词引导定语从句。 5D. play with 是一个固定结构，故选with which。 6C先行词为时间名词hours，在定语从句中作状语。 7D先行词为时间名词times，在定语从句中作状语。 8B先行词为地点名词，在定语从句从中作状语。 9C先行词包含人和物，关系代词只能用that。 10A. 先行词被the very修饰，关系代词只能用that。 11A. Who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句关系代词只能用that , 以免重复。 12A. way为先行词时，关系代词用that或in which或不填。 13C关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，可以用that或which或不填。 14Bspent是及物动词，关系代词which作其宾语。 15Dreceive a letter from sb收到某人的来信，先行词为人，故选from whom。 16A.先行词为时间，在定语从句中作状语,表示何时进入北大。 17D.先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。18. D.先行词为