高中英语-英语写作素材积累.doc

CCNU 版权所有 共同保护 ELIZA高中英语 英语写作素材积累要提高写作能力，只知道写作技巧还不行。就像一个建楼房的人，知道怎样建房，甚至图纸都设计好了，但是没有材料，怎能建房呢？正所谓“仓里有粮，心中不慌”。所以在平时的训练中可选用以下的学习方法来使文章的句子合理流畅，内容生动充实，过渡自然，观点明确，条理清晰，语言优美。（1）、准备一个写作档案袋，把平时遇到的好文章、好句子和好词组剪下来放到袋子里，定期进行记忆整理。（2）、加工仿写美文。 学生可建立个人的范文库，根据中学阶段对写作的基本要求进行模仿性写作练习。此外，当发现一些在内容上或文字上都非常好的句、篇时，如一些谚语，学生应该把它们抄下来背会并学会在自己的写作中适当运用。（3）、善于归纳。 学习过程中要注意归纳总结。学生可以把一些常用于写作中表示各种句子关系的词或词组及一些语篇衔接标志（如连接词）进行归纳。区分它们的用法，并对不同关系的连接词进行归类，这样写作时可信手拈来。如递进关系（besides, whats more, in addition, moreover, to make matters worse, whats worse, furthermore等）；转折关系（however, but, while, in spite of, otherwise等）；个人观点（in my opinion, personally, as far as Im concerned, as for me, from my personal point of view 等）；总结（in short, in a word, on the whole, all in all, to sum up briefly, in general, in conclusion等）其它（for one thing, for another, last but not least, each coin has two sides, according to, compare to, on the one hand, on the other hand, as a matter of fact 等）。（4）、建立个人写作模式，并逐渐形成自己的写作风格。（5）、关注重点语言知识和一些比较地道的英语表达方式，并把它们进行整理，学会使用。（如fail to do sth, sth occurred to sb, available, obtain等的使用）（6）、学会扩展句子。如分析句子的主干，中间加一个定语从句进去，或改成名词性从句，或改成状语从句、并列句还有非谓语的使用等等。书面表达中的高级结构我们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。一、高级词汇1occur 替换 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2devote替换spend He spends all his spare time in reading. He devotes all his spare time to reading.3seek替换want / look for They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.4average 替换ordinary Im an average ( ordinary ) student.5but替换very The film we saw last night was very interesting. The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6seat 替换sitOn his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.7suppose 替换should He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.8appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for you help. We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.9the case替换 true I dont think it is the case ( true ).10on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. On his arrival, he began his research.11due to替换because ofHe arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 12cover替换walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.13contribute to替换 be helpful/usefulPlenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 15come to light替换discoverThe family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).17come up with替换think of Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.18set aside替换save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷)19be of + n. 替换adj. The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.20refer to 替换talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.21can not but / can not help but替换have to doI could not but (had to) go home.22more often than not替换usually More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23lest替换so that /in order that I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.24be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much. I am long to see you.25be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.26more than替换very Im very glad to learn that you are coming in September. Im more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 ) If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)27perfect (ly) 替换good/ very wellHe speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ).28do sb a/the favor 替换help Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio?29the other day替换a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )30in the course of替换during In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31the majority of替换most The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32consist of替换be made up of Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.33be worn out替换 be tired / broken After five hours non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.34become of替换 happen What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ? 35attend to替换look after 36on condition that替换as long as37nevertheless替换however38express ones satisfaction with替换be satisfied with 39spare no efforts to do替换try ones best to do40many a 替换many41be rushed off ones feet 替换be busy in doing42a handful of替换a little / some43meanwhile替换at the same time44get to ones feet替换stand up 45beneath替换under46occasionally替换sometimes /once in while47for instance替换for example48seldom替换not often49wealthy替换 rich50amazing替换surprising 51as a matter of fact 替换in fact 二、写作高级短语积累 1. be closely related to与息息相关2. be essential to sb 对某人来说必不可少3. in a society with more competitions and challenges / in a competitive society4. feel frustrated (挫折的）/ discouraged 5. a precious (宝贵的) experience6. raise / arouse the awareness of 7. acquire knowledge and skills学习知识和技能8. a growing /increasing tendency 9. have a desire for sth / to do sth10. put sth into practice11. be keen on 热衷于12. broaden ones horizons开阔眼界13. a large variety of / a wide range of 14. make ones dream come true 15. lay a solid/firm/stable foundation for/in为/在方面打下坚实的基础16. listen to teachers attentively17. make a practical plan 18. hold the strong belief that19. Im confident / Im convinced that20. with iron will and perseverance 21. pursue ones dream 追逐梦想22. arouse ones passion for唤起对的热情23. resist the temptation of good food24. change ones original mind25. spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做26. redouble ones effort 加倍努力27. leave a deep impression on sb28. turn to sb for help / advice29. relieve/lessen/reduce/ease ones burden30. with time going by=as time goes by31. cherish/treasure/value our lives32. vary from person to person33. a boarding school 寄宿制学校34. What surprised me most was that35. cause severe consequences(后果)36. pay their tuition/school fees/schooling 37. physically and mentally38. Some in favor of it think that., while others are against it, holding the opinion that39. Success stems from hard work as it can help us accomplish the goal were striving for.40. establish a special fund to help the poor41. its negative aspect/impact is also obvious.42. motivate sb to do sth43. bury oneself into study埋头学习44. our determination and efforts45. express my gratitude to her sincerely 46. be strict with sb in sth47. achieve the final victory48. encounter/face some difficulties49. neglect the disadvantages50. With the great efforts weve made, 51. enhance/improve his ability of singing52. be optimistic about 三、高级句型结构 It句型 It will be + some time + before It wont be long before humans visit the Mars. It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth. It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（2008年湖北卷） It is + 被强调部分 + that 1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot. 2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge. more than any other 表示最高级 Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else. 名词从句 It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 ) My hometown is no longer what it used to be.（非限制性）定语从句 The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003) It was quite an experience for us both, which Ill never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷) 分词结构 I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001) Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷) Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷） Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.（2008年湖南卷） with结构 A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured. He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand. 倒装句 The library is to the east of the teaching building. East of the teaching building is the library. Although we are tired, we are happy. Tired as we are, we are happy. Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷) May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（2007年湖南卷） 被动语态 Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002) All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 ) New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷) 巧妙的改写（1）Only 改成no one but Only Tom passed the exam last week. No one but Tom passed the exam.（2）as soon as 改成No soonerthan/Hardlywhen/Immediately/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.（3）have sb/sth do/done The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).（4）变换插入语的位置 However, they suggest fees should be charged low. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002) I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷)(5). 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句 Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. (2002上海卷)Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（2008年湖南卷） 其它 （1）注重句子的开头 用with复合结构开头 With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers. With his help, weve learned how to analyze and settle problems.（2006年湖南卷）With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.（2009年江苏卷） 用非谓语动词形式开头 ）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest. ）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner. （2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好） 相关过渡语1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus5). 表示递进关系: besides, whats more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also7). 表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude 读写任务素材积累一、面对挑战的感悟Looking back on this, I realize that whatever challenges I am faced with, I will spare no effort and never give up. Im sure to achieve final victory and become what I should be.二、怎样看待司机的行为？ After reading the passage, I felt very angry with the driver. It was what he did that did shock me. I cant believe the driver is so cruel. Generally speaking, the responsibility of a bus driver is to serve people. However, the driver is short of essential occupational morality. Having known the womans arm was stuck in the bus door, he continued to drive his bus. What an evil-minded driver!三、对交友的看法 In my view, it takes time to build good relationship with others. You cant expect to become good friends with someone soon after you meet him. You also cant expect to become good friends with others if you do not spend time with them. 四、对心理问题的看法 As far as Im concerned, mental problems are serious problems both in universities and middle schools. I believe physical and mental health is more important than good grades. Therefore, parents and teachers should first pay attention to students feelings. Only when they feel it fun to study, can they learn their lessons well.五、对网络教育的看法 Personally, I appreciate this new form of education. It can provide different learners with more flexible ways to learn. Most of all, with online education, we can absorb the latest knowledge. 六、对“自我表现与谦虚”的看法For my part, good communication, including presenting ones achievements and advantages properly to others, can lead to success. In modern society, blowing ones own trumpet(喇叭) can help others know what a person is good at, which may be an example for them to follow. So what counts most is that ones confidence must be true of ones real case.To Chinese people, modesty is a virtue, but being too modest may sometimes cause others to think you are good at nothing. Moreover, modesty doesnt necessarily mean hiding ones own strong points or keeping silent. One must learn to sell himself at the right time and enjoy his proud moments. Therefore, blowing ones trumpet and modesty, in my opinion, can be combined and balanced.七、态度决定一切的启示 Different attitudes lead to different results. Take Xiao Hua for example, Hes my classmate. He always puts his heart into study, so he has become a top student in our class. With his diligence and concentration, hes bound to succeed in the entrance examination. However, Xiao Li never cares about his study and turns a deaf ear to the teachers advice. As a result, he falls far behind others in his study.八、对行为的看法 As for me, Marry is really great because shes ready to dothat seems very small. Maybe what she is doing is very common in others eyes but it will play an important role in our daily life. 九、目标的重要性（看法）I was greatly inspired by such a story as it makes me realize the power of a goal in shaping ones success and gives me strength to pursue my goal despite the hardships Im to go through.In my opinion, goals are important in our life. To begin with, as goals often enables us to be positive to ups and downs in our life. Moreover, bearing goals in mind, were less likely to be distracted from our way to success. Finally, as goals are what were longing for, they thus can motivate us to strive for greater achievements, making our life more fulfilling(令人满意的). 十、对考验的感受 From the story Ive learned that the trials of life are of great importance in our growth. As the saying goes, “No cross, no crown(不经历风雨怎么见彩虹).” Only by facing and overcoming difficulties in our life can we grow up happily and healthily. 十一、对中学生活的感受 As for me, a student from the country, what I do every day is to devote myself to realizing my dream of attending a key university. So I seldom have time to do outdoor activities. Anyway, Ive become more independent and as a student of boarding school, my experience has become a benefit in my future college life. 十二、有关命运转折点的启示 The passage inspired me greatly as I come to know that the happiness of life lies in our own hands. Although he was hopeless in any sport at school, He didnt give up. Despite what others say about him, he made up his mind to improve himself push his body to the limit. With his determination and perseverance, he made a difference in his life.十三、对街头食品的看法 As far as Im concerned, I often purchase some street food on my way to school in the morning because it is very convenient to me. As a student, I cant spend much time waiting or eating in a restaurant. It is well-known that street food is very popular in cities and towns because they are tasty, quick and cheap, which attract a large number of customers every day. Most of them are so busy with their study and work that they cant spare much time to enjoy their meals.十四、如何更好地鼓励孩子学习 To get kids motivated to learn, I think we should not treat every child in the same way. To some kids, oral praise is essential. Dont save the praise for only the top score. If possible, involve other adults in praising them. However, this method