如何确定非谓语动词和谓语动词(经典版).doc

动词的形式-谓语动词和非谓语动词突破点（一）-如何确定非谓语动词还是谓语动词若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词就作谓语(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应该填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等。例如2016全国 Then, handle the most important tasks so you will feel a real sense of achievement .Leave the less important things until tomorrow -63 (be) often acceptable.分析：该句中主语为动名词leaving -,故所给动词作谓语，谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且根据语境知时态为一般现在时故填is 例二2016四川高考 The giant panda -61 (love) by people through the world.分析：句中没有谓语故空格处应该做谓语。大熊猫为世界各地人们所喜爱是个客观事实，应用一般现在时，且panda 与love 间是被动关系，用被动语态故填is loved (2) 若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词（并列连词或从句连词）时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是vIng形式，Ved 形式还是不定式。例1 2016全国Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal-43 (create) special designs.分析:本句已有谓语动词combine 且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词，此处为不定式作目的状语故填to create例二 2016 全国 My ambassadorial duties will include -67(introduce) British visitors to the 120 plus panda at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.分析：句中已有谓语动词include 且无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。Include 及物动词其后加名词或动名词作宾语再结合提示Introduce和空后的名词visitors ,此处应用动名词作宾语故填introducing.(3) 排除干扰，切忌只见树木不见森林例1 2016 全国 Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and -49 (be) too violent for use at the table.分析:初看此题，会根据and 认为应与前面的某个成分并列，是与believed 并列，与would remind 并列还是killings 并列？分析句子可知，believed 后结宾语从句，宾语从句由and 连接俩个并列谓语，但此处描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时，又因主语是knives 故填were 例2 2015 全国 A study of travelers -68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world .分析：本题存在一题多义，一词多性的特征，考生易误填was conduced 或were conduced 因为考生容易把names 误作名词而认为空格处应填动词，实际上分析句子结构可知，空格所在句已有谓语动词names 且不与names 作并列谓语故填非谓语动词。Study 和conduct 间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语故填conducted 2. 通过6组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词题组一示例He volunteered to help control traffic ,-(donate) an hour of his time every week.(2）He volunteered to help control traffic ,-and-(donate) an hour of his time every week.分析俩句差别是and ,分析句子结构可知，1句空格处为现在分词作伴随状语2句空格处与volunteered并列作谓语故1填donating 2填donated题组二示例-（call） me tomorrow and I will let you know the lab result .2.-（call） me tomorrow , I will let you know the lab result分析俩句差别是and ,分析句子结构可知，1句为句式祈使句+and +陈述句2句为分词短语作条件状语故1填CALL 2 填calling题组三示例1. The guide -(lead) the way , we had no trouble getting out of the forest.2. The guide -(lead) the way ,so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.分析俩句差别是so ,分析句子可知，1 为独立主格结构作原因状语2句so连接俩个并列句空格处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词一致故1填leading 2填led题组四示例1. The party will be held in the garden ,weather-(permit).2. The party will be held in the garden , if weather-(permit).分析俩句差别是if ,分析句子结构可知，1为独立主格结构作条件状语2句if引导的条件状语从句故1填permitting 2填permits题组五示例1. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture ,and all his attention -(fix) on it.2. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture ,with all his attention -(fix) on it.3. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture , -(fix) all his attention on it.分析三句差别是逗号后的部分，分析句子结构可知，1为and 连接俩个并列句通过时态语态的分析应用一般过去时的被动语态，2句为独立主格结构with 复合结构，3句为现在分词短语作伴随状语故1句填was fixed 2填fixed 3句填fixing题组六示例1. He went into the room, -(sit） at the table and began to read newspapers.2. They walked along the stream together ,-(talk) and laughing.分析俩个结构一致，但仔细分析是大径相庭1句为and 连接的是三个并列谓语动词，2句为and 连接俩个伴随状语，故1填sat 2填talking突破点（二） 运用6方法和1 注意准确谓语动词时态语态方法1 通过时态定义是做题的根本例1 2017 大庆实验中学模拟 Development often -69(give) us the excuse to destry the environment.分许：本句表示经常做的事情应用一般现在时故填gives 例22017 青岛市质检 When I also drove forward a man -(stand) outside the car and talking to each driver as drove past.分析：表示过去某个事情正在做某事，应用过去进行时故填was standing 方法2 通过标志性状语解决时态问题在体干中yesterday ,tomorrow ,always ,in the past few years ,so far 来判定时态。例1 2017 潍坊市模拟 Last Friday a storm -61(sweep) through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes.分析：句中有表示时间的标志性状语Last Friday 判定用一般过去时故填swept例2 2017 长春市调研测试 If we are satisfied with only a few rules we -69(memorize )so far ,we were not really learning the language .分析;so far 表示迄今为止与其匹配的时态是现在完成时故填have memorized方法3 通过动作先后关系解决时态问题当句中有俩个或俩个以上的动词时，他们的发生时间有一定先后关系，我们可以根据这种先后关系判定时态。例1 2017 福州市质检 Due to the hard training they 66-(do) before ,their performance were very impressive.分析：主句的时态为一般过去时，根据before 可以判定空格处所填表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时故填had done例2 2017 西安市模拟She -64 (have）her high school entrance exam in a week so I told her a few encouraging words.分析：我给他说一些鼓励的话一般是过去时，那么要参加考试应用过去将来时故填would have 或 was to have .方法4通过语境暗示解决时态问题有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过理解语境也是解决失调问题的一条有效之路的方法。例1 2017 衡阳八中模拟 It is quite easy to plan a surprise when ones birthday -62 (come).分析：既然是要做计划，那么生日即将来临，此处应用现在进行时表示将来故填is coming .例2 2017 湖北四地七校联考 One day , a beggar found a leather purse that someone -61 （drop）in the marketplace .分析：发现钱包用一般过去式，丢失钱包应在此之前，表示过去的过去，故填had dropped.方法5 通过常用句式解决时态问题掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此要熟记一些常用句式。例1 2017 汕头市模拟 The hall was dark when I came in ；the show was about 46_-(begin ).分析：考察be about to do 意为马上就要做某事故填to begin 例2 2017 青岛市模拟 One day I 66-(read ）啊newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman -Lindas married name .分析:考察句式be doing -when - 再根据One day 可判断应用过去进行时故填was reading 方法6 通过逻辑关系解决语态问题有时做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注，但往往忽略了语态，因此我们可以采用先语态后时态例1 2016 全国卷 Truly elegant chopsticks might -42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.分析：情态动词后跟动词原形但此处might后能make吗？通过分析可知 elegant chopsticks 与make 间为被动关系，应用被动语态故填be made.例2 2017 延安市模拟 I finally went to ask the lady at student services and -63 (tell) that her was Kathy.分析;and 连接俩个并列谓语，第一个是went ,与之并列应该填told 吗？ 通过分析可知，I与tell间为被动关系故填 was told .注意点：特殊动词特殊对待有些动词（短语）的用法特殊，例如belong to , break out , take place 及系动词一般不用进行时和被动语态，date bake to 或date from 常用一般现在时等。例1 （2017 泰安市模拟） The festival -64 (date) back to the Han Dynasty (206BC-220)分析：date back to 意为追溯到，没有被动语态且常与一般现在时连用故填dates 例2 （2017 铁岭市联考）I t is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write -64 (belong ) to all people.分析:主句为It is about -,that 引导宾语从句，其中主语是the right to read an write ,belong to 为句子的谓语，它没有进行时和被动语态故填belongs.突破点(三） 抓住4个关键点和4个易混点稳解非谓语动词题1. 4个关键点1)作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式一般式(1)（2016 全国卷） Skilled workers also combines various hardwoods and metal to -（create）special designs .(2)(2017 襄阳市质检）This years World Economic Forum in Davos was held a week earlier than usual- to (avoid) conflicting with Chinas New Year.2)作伴随状语和方式状语时用现在分词（1）（2016 全国卷） People probably cooked their food in large pots ,-(use）twigs to remove it.(2)2017 成都市模拟 This spring ,I stared working as a language assistant , -(teach )English to hundreds of students .3） 做介词的宾语时用动名词（1） In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to air condition a house without -(use) electric equipment .（2） We should prevent the river from -(pollute) being polluted 4) 熟记固定结构中的非谓语动词。如be likely to do , have difficulty / trouble doing 等（1） （2016 全国卷 ）If you find something you love doing outside of the office ,you will be less likely -(bring) your work home.（2） 2017 天水诊断考试 In the first place ,it often happens that we have trouble -(find）appropriate words and phases to give expression to our mind.2.4 个易混点（1）现在分词和过去分词状语现在分词作状语表示动作与句子主语间为逻辑上主谓关系，过去分词作状语的动作与句子主语间为逻辑的动宾关系。例1 （2017 福州八中质检 ）-61 （realize ）it was our last high school sports meeting ,we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us .分析;分析句子结构可知，空格处部分为非谓语动词作状语，realize 与主语we 间为逻辑上的主谓关系故填 Realizing.例2 Greatly -(encourage), the team conducted another experiment ,this time with water that contained bacteria.分析：分析句子结构可知，空格处部分为非谓语动词作状语，encourage 与主语间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 encouraged2) 现在分词和过去分词作前置定语和表语此时现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词，前者意为令人-的，后者为感到-的例1 （2014 全国卷 ）There were many people waiting the bus stop ,and some of them looked very anxious and -(disappoint)分析：此处looked 后面为表语部分，此处指一些人看起来很焦虑很失望故填 disappointed 例2 （2017 山西实验中学质检） Dennis Williams ,the owner of the phone number ,responded to the -(excite) baby news.分析: 此处为非谓语动词作前置定语，表示令人兴奋的有关孩子的消息故填exciting .3) 不定式， 现在分词和过去分词作后置定语不定式做后置定语表示动作尚未进行，现在分词作后置定语表示主动进行，过去分词作后置定语表示被动完成。例1 (2016 四川高考） For 25days she never left her baby ,not even to find something -(eat）！分析：此处表示找到要吃的东西，表示动作尚未进行，故填 to eat .例2 （2015 全国卷） Abercrombie &Kent ,a travel company in Hong Kong ,says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people -70 (live ) in Shanghai and Hong Kong .分析;此处表示居住在上海和香港的人们，应用非谓语动词作定语，people 与live 间为主动关系，故填living 例3 （2015 全国卷 ）The adobe dwellings (土坯房) -61 (build ) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.分析：由谓语动词are admired 可知空格处填非谓语动词，adobe dwellings 与build 间 是被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语故填built.4) 不定式与动名词作宾语有些动词只跟不定式作宾语例如 decided , agree , pretend , promise, hope/wish , mange ,prepare ,plan, refuse ,fail ,happen，ask ,offer ,care ,choose ,