人教版高一英语各单元知识点总结.doc

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit1-2重点句型1. What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法2. I think he / she should be表示个人观点的词语3. I enjoy reading / Im fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的词语4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes. “when作并列连词的用法5. What / Who / When / Where is it that.? 强调句的 特殊疑问句结构6. With so many people communicating in English everyday, . “with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语7. Can you tell me how to pronounce.? 带连接副词 (或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法重点词汇1. especially v. 特别地2. imagine v. 想像3. alone adv. / adj. 单独，孤独的4. interest n. 兴趣5. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的6. deserted adj. 抛弃的7. hunt v. 搜寻8. share v. 分享9. care v. 在乎，关心10. total n. 总数11. majority n. 大多数12. survive v. 生存，活下来13. adventure n. 冒险14. scared adj. 吓坏的15. admit v. 承认16. while conj. 但是，而17. boring adj. 令人厌烦的18. except prep. 除之外19. quality n. 质量20. favourite adj. 最喜爱的重点短语1. be fond of爱好2. treatas把看作为3. make friends with 与交朋友4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 与某人争论某事5. hunt for寻找6. in order to为了7. sharewith与分享8. bring in引进；赚钱9. a great / good many许多10. have difficulty (in) doing做有困难11. end up with以结束12. except for除之外13. come about发生14. make(a)fire生火15. make yourself at home别拘束16. the majority of大多数17. drop sb. a line给某人写短信18. for the first time第一次19. at all根本；竟然20. have a (good) knowledge of精通短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l. be fond _ 喜欢，爱好 of2. hunt _ 搜索。追寻，寻找 for3. in to _ 为了 order 4. care _ 担心，关心 about 5. such _ 例如，诸如 as 6. drop sb a _ 给某人写信(通常指写短信) line7. make oneself at _ 别客气 home 8. _ total 总共 in 9. except _ 除了之外 for10. stay _ 不睡，熬夜 up 11. _ about 发生 come 12. end _ with 以告终 up13. bring _ 引进，引来 in 14. a great _ 许许多多，极多 many15. be _ 对深感兴趣，深深迷上 into16. _ the Internet 上网 surf17. _ classes 逃学，逃课 skip18. get _ 聚会，相聚，聚集 together 19. be proud _ 为感到骄傲 of20. keep an _ on 照看，注意 eye21. be curious _ 对感到好奇 about22. shut _ (使)住口 up23. joke _ 开玩笑 about24. _ the name of 以名义 in 25. _ the time 总是，一直 all交际用语1. I think I like / love / hate. I enjoy. My interests are.2. Did you have a good flight? You must be very tired. Just make yourself at home. I beg your pardon? Can you tell me how to pronounce.? Get it.单词聚焦1. argue v. 的用法构词：argument n. 1. C争论 2. U讨论辩论3. C论据 搭配： argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 与某人 争论某事 argue for / against sth. 辩论赞成反对某事 argue that. 主张，认为，争辩说 argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做不做某事 友情提示：“说服某人做不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth. settle the argument 解决争端 友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 为某事和某人而发生的争执【考例】What laughing _ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth. (2004全国卷I) A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments考查目标 argue名词形式的词义。答案与解析 D argument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。2. compare v. 的用法构词：comparison n. 比较搭配： compare.to. 比拟；比作 compare. with / to. 将和相比较 compare notes 对笔记；交换意见【考例】 _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北) A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared考查目标 compare的用法。答案与解析 D 本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。3. consider v. 的用法构词：consideration n. 考虑，思考；体谅，顾及搭配： consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 consider sb (to be / as). 认为觉得某人 consider that- clause 认为 take sth into consideration 考虑 under consideration 在考虑中【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (NMET 1993) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented考查目标 consider的几种常见用法。答案与解析 C consider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情用不定式的完成形式。4. deserted adj. 空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的 (1) 空无一人的a deserted street / area空无一人的街道，地区；The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。 (2) 被遗弃的 a deserted child 被遗弃的孩子(3) desert dezot n. 沙漠desert dIzo:t vt. 丢弃；遗弃 He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.5. difficulty n. (1) difficulty (通常作复数) 难事，难点，难题She met with many difficulties when travelling. (2) 在以下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。 have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth. 干某事有困难there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth. have (some) difficulty with sth. 在某事上有困难 there is (some) difficulty with sth. do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地轻而易举地做某事 We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house. Do you have any difficulty with your English? 【注意】(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修饰 (2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物 (1) adj. 最喜爱的My favorite sport is playing football. (2) n. C 最喜爱的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.7. fun的用法构词：funny adj. 有趣的滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的搭配： make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑 (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说做着玩的 be full of fun 很好玩 have fun with sb. 和某人开一个玩笑 have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心 Its (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心 What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀! have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match. Were play- ing chess just for _. A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game考查目标 fun构成的短语for fun的意思。答案与解析C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说做着玩的”。8. imagine的用法构词： imagination n. C / U 想像，想像力，想像的事物 imaginative adj. 富有想像力的搭配： imagine sth / doing sth beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991) A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed考查目标 imagine的基本用法。答案与解析 C imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。9. interest的用法interest vt. 使感兴趣 n. 兴趣，爱好 U 利息；利润 He has a great interest in politics. 他对政治极感兴趣。/ a broad interest 广泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 极强的兴趣 构词： interesting 令人感兴趣的(事物) interested (某人对某事)有兴趣的搭配： interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣 be interested in 对感兴趣(关心) have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面有兴趣 (关心)；在中有股份、权益等 hold ones interest 吸引住某人的兴趣 in the interest(s) of 为利益；为起见；对有利 lose interest in 对不再感兴趣 show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 对表示关心(有兴趣) have / take / feel no interest in 对不 (不太) 感兴趣 with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地 develop / find / feel interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培养有兴趣 lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面失去兴趣有时interest可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in science.另外：interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。 His interests include reading and tennis.【考例】_, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (2004全国卷 II) A. Interested B. Anxiously C. Seriously D. Encouraged考查目标 interest派生词的词义和用法。答案与解析 A interested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。10. prove的用法构词： proof n. 证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样搭配： prove sth to sb 向某人证实 prove to sb that 从句向某人证实 prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，表现出【考例】It was in the neighboring country United States that such resistance to spray was first _. (05长春模拟) A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed考查目标 考查prove的意思。答案与解析 A 本题was proved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。11. provide的用法构词： provider n. 供给者，供应者，养家者 provided / providing conj. 倘若搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给提供；以装备【考例】His son _ the old man with all the food and the money he needed. A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred考查目标考查provide的词义。答案与解析A provide与with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。12. share的用法搭配： share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分担、共用某物 share sth (out) between / among. 将某物分配、分给 share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 share ones opinion 同意某人的意见【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare you must learn to _. (NMET 2000) A. support B. care C. spare D. share考查目标 此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。答案与解析 D 四个选项的含义分别为：support 支持；care 在意，关心；spare 挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息play with your toys as well。故D为最佳答案。13. solve的用法构词：solution n. 1. C (问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法 2. U 解答，解决 3. U 溶解搭配：the solution to 解决的办法【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution _ the problem. (2001北京春招) A. with B. into C. for D. to考查目标 solve名词solution的相关搭配。答案与解析 D “对于的解决办法”，介词用to。14. total n. / adj. 全部(的) (1) in total 加起来In total, there must have been 20000 people there. (2) a total of 总共His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100. (3) the total of.的总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.15. when conj. when并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中： (1) be doing.when.正在做突然I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailors shop. (2) had done.when.刚做了突然I had just sat down when the light went out. (3) be about to do.when.刚要做突然I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.16. while conj. (1) while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea. (2) 并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Some people waste food while others havent enough. (3) 放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although。While we dont agree, we continue to be friendly.牛刀小试1 用所给单词的适当形式填空：(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)1. All the novels are considered _ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested)2. Bob thought it _ to solve maths problems while others hated it. (fun)3. The headmaster ignored the _ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument)4. We cant decide. The plan needs to be _. (considered)5. _ with Class Two, ours has more boy students. (Compared)6. I find a better way _ this problem. (to solve)7. Nearly half of the companies _ the same opinion with the government. (share / shared)【词语比较】1. especially, specially especially adv. 特殊地；尤其是 (1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其是英语) (2) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep. specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (后面常接for sb. 或to do sth.)I made a chocolate cake specially for you.2. boring, bored, bore boring adj. 令人厌烦的 The book is very boring. bored adj. 感到厌烦的 Im bored with the book. bore vt. 令人厌烦 This book bores me. 有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人”；过去分词形式，为“感到”。3. except for, except, but, besides 表示“除了”的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when.) 等。 (1) except 和 but 都表示“除了之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teachers address except / but him. (排除him) (2) besides 除之外，还，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English与other languages都属于know的范围) (3) except for 只不过，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.4. know, know of, know about (1) know 用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。I dont know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest. (2) know of和know about的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。5. for example; such as (1) for example“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替换。For example, air is invisible. / His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example. (2) such as “例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish. 注意如把前面所述情况全部举出，用that is或namely。短语归纳1. 含all的短语1) first of all 首先 (强调顺序)2) in all (=in total=altogether) 总共3) after all 毕竟，终究4) at all 到底，根本5) above all 最重要的是 (强调重要性)6) not (.) at all (= not (.) in the least) 根本不，一点也不7) all the time 始终，一直8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防9) all right 行，可以10) all at once 立刘，马上11) all day and all night 日日夜夜12) all over 遍及13) all alone 独个儿，独立地14) all but 几乎，差一点15) all in all 总的说来16) all together 一道，同时，总共17) for all 尽管例句 I woke up and didnt hear him at all. 我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/ You shouldnt scold her. After all, she is only five years old. 你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love. 孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定一直知道这事。【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. _, she is a great musician. (2004甘肃、青海) A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual考查目标 主要考查四个短语的用法。答案与解析 A after all意为“毕竟终究”；as a result意为“结果”；in other words意为“换句话说”；as usual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。【考例】Id like to buy a house - modern, comfortable, and _ in a quiet neighborhood. (2004福建) A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all考查目标 主要考查all构成的四个短语。答案与解析 B in all意为“总共”；above all意为“最重要的是”； after all 意为“毕竟”；at all 意为“到底”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。2. at all (1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” Im surprised that you came at all. (2)用在否定句中，“一点也不” There was nothing to worry about at all. (3)用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all? (4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实” If you do it at all, do it well.3. 含“be + 形容词 + 介词”的短语1) be good at 擅长于2) be interested in 对感兴趣3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 对满意4) be famous for 因而出名5) be kind / good to 对好6) be lost in 沉湎于7) be active in 在某方面积极8) be sure about / of 确信9) be afraid of 害怕10) be full of 充满11) be filled with 充满12) be made of / from 由组成13) be generous to 对慷慨14) be popular with 受欢迎15) be confident of 确信16) be fond of 喜欢，喜爱17) be angry with / at 对发脾气18) be late for 迟到19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 对感到惊讶20) be busy doing 忙着做21) be excited about 对感到兴奋22) be worried about 担心23) be used for / as 用于24) be curious about 对好奇例句 Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself. 林林确信自己有能力做这活。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little. 他对谁花钱都很慷慨，结果没有攒到多少钱。She is very active in helping the poor. 在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。Pop music is popular with the young generation. 流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lost in thought, he didnt realize that I came in. 他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didnt know what to do. 看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam. 高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。【考例l】(2005重庆)- You know, Bob is a little slow _ understanding, so. - So I have to be patient _ him. A. in; with B. on; with C. in; to D. at; for考查目标 同定搭配中介词的选择。答案与解析 A be slow in 意为“在方面反应迟钝”，be patient with 意为“对有耐心”。4. end up with.以结束 (1) end up with + n. 以结束 The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne. (2) end up as.最后成为He will end up as a president some day. (3) end up + 地点状语最后(有结局) If you drive your car like that, youll end (up) in hospital.5. “make + 名词” 短语 make a noise 吵闹 make faces 做鬼脸，做苦脸 make room for 给腾出地方 make the bed 整理床铺 make phone calls 打电话 make friends with 交朋友 make money 赚钱 make use of 利用 make a decision 做出决定 make a mistake 犯错误例句 The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back. 老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook. 在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。They were moved out to a nearby hotel, to make room for more important persons. 为了给更重要的人物腾出地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。【考例】 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to _. (2003北京春招) A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over考查目标 主要考查make短语。答案与解析 A make out意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相” make off 意为“连忙跑掉”；make up 意为“弥补、打扮、组成”；make over 意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑，所以应该是试图发现真相。【考例】- When shall we start?- Lets _ it at 8:30. Is that all right? (2002北京) A. set B. meet C. make D. take考查目标 此题主要考查 make 短语。答案与解析 C make it“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。6. make fire点火 有以下fire (n.) 短语: be on fire 着火了(表示状态) / catch fire 燃着；着火(表示动作) / play with fire 玩火；干冒险的事 / Set sth. on fire = set fire to sth. 放火烧 / make (a) fire 点火；生火 / start (cause) a fire引起火灾 注意 fire作“火灾”“一堆火”解时，为可数名词。7. a great / good many许多(1) a great / good many + 名词复数，中间无“of”。A great many people have seen the film.(2) a great / good many + of + the / these / those / ones + 名词复数 A great many of the people have seen the film.8. make yourself at home 别拘束 (1) make yourself at home 别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语) - Good evening, Jim. - Good evening, Mary. Come in and make yourself at home. (2) (all) by oneself 独自(没有别人帮助) You cant possibly do it all by yourself. (3) enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴 Please enjoy yourself while youre spending your holiday in Hawaii. (4) for oneself 亲自; 为自己The student wants to think it for himself. / One should not live for oneself alone. (5) of oneself 自动地The door closed of itself suddenly. (6) be oneself 身体或情绪好 I am not myself today. (7) help oneself to + n. / pron. 随便 Please help yourself to the fish (8) in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself. (9) come to oneself 苏醒The injured man came to him- self in five minutes. (10) between ourselves 私下说的话 All this is between ourselves.9. the majority of. 大多数的 (1) a / the majority of + 名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。the majority 单独作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games./ The majority were (was) in favour of the proposal. (2) b