英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries couldbe avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk _1_pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking _2_University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternalDeaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children _3_within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their _4_families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by _5_the United Nations Childrens Fund and the US Centers for Disease Controlrespectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high _6_risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of _7_maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of _8_pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the _9_mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than _10_two years apart.参考答案及解析:1 将 had used 改为 used。因为此句是虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，故条件从句中应使用一般过去时。例如：Many would be wise if they did not think themselves wise. 许多人原本会成为聪明人如果他们不自以为聪明的话。2 将 publishing 改为 publishedreport 和 publish 时逻辑动宾关系，故应使用 publish 的过去分词短语来修饰 report。例如：Any discovery that we may make, however small, will remain acquired knowledge. 任何可能的发现，不管多么微不足道，都将成为知识宝库中的一部分。3 将 theirs 改为 their4 将 among 改为 between在两次怀孕期间留出足够的间隔时间，故用 between。5 将过去分词 excluded 改为介词 excluding。excluding 意为“不包括”6 将 respectably 改为 respectivelyrespectively 意为 “分别地 ”，符合句子的意思。而 respectably 意为 “可敬的，值得尊敬地 ”。7 将 evidences 改为 evidence。evidence 是不可数名词。8 将 ill 改为 illness。9 将 year 改为 years。10 将 lesser 改为 less“Home, sweet home” is a phrase that express an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _1_has great importance for many people.This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlersof American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _2_for ones family, and started a farm. These small households were _3_portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to _4_support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _5_of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _6_is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.When U.S soldiers came home before World War, for example, _7_they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _8_a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _9_a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their _10_way of life.参考答案及解析:1 将 no 改为 not2 将 place 改为 landplace 是可数名词，作“地方”讲，而 land 意为“ 土地，田地”是不可数名词。例如：Solitude is a good place to visit but a poor place to stay.当你偶尔光顾时，独处是一个美妙的境地，但是如果久留，它却是一个糟糕的地方。There is a vacant piece of land near the house; we can build there.3 将 started 改为 startstart 应使用不定式，以和前面的 find，build 一致。4 将 working 改为 work。work 应该用第三人称复数，和 live 一致。另外，family 在这里作“家人”讲，是复数。5 将 anyone 改为 everyone这里是要用 everyone 指每个人，而不是要用 anyone 泛指。6 将 but 删除7 将 before 改为 after根据上下文判断，这里要表达的是二战之后。8 将 But 改为 And根据语意，这里要表达的是递进关系，而不是转折关系。例如：When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. And thats my religion.当我行善事，我感到坦然；当我行恶时，我感到内疚。这就是我的人生之道。9 将 it 改为 they10 在 house the 中间加入介词 asregardas 作“把当作”讲。We live in a society which there is a lot of talk about science, but I would say _1_that there are not 5 percent of the people who are equipped with school, including college, to understand scientific reasoning. We are more ignorant of science as people _2_with comparable education in Western Europe.There are a lot of kids who know everything about computershow to build them, how to take them apart, and how to write programs for games. So if you ask _3_them to explain about the principles of physics that have gone into creating the _4_computer, you dont have faintest idea. _5_The failure to understand science leads to such things like the neglect of human _6_creative power. It also takes rise to blurring of the distinction between science and _7_technology. Lots of people dont differ between the two. Science is the production of _8_new knowledge that can be applied or not, and technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like. The two arereally different, and people who have the faculty for one very seldom have afaculty for the others. _9_Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology, its not necessarily harmful. No society has yet learned to forecast the consequences of _10_new technology, which can be enormous.参考答案及解析:1.在 which 前加 in，或将 which 改为 where在这里 which 引导限制性从句，修饰先行词 the society。in which 在从句中作状语，当然也可以用关系副词 where 引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，例如： Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.2.将 as 改为 than3.将 So 改为 But 或者 However 或者 Nevertheless。因为这里上下文是转折关系。4.将 about 去掉因为 explain 是及物动词。5.将 you 改为 they6.将 like 改为 as因为 such as 是固定搭配。7.将 takes 改为 givesgive rise to 表示“引起，导致”之意。8.将 differ 改为 distinguish牵着表示“有区别” 。后者表示“ 区分，找出的差别。9.将 others 改为 other 这样 the other 就和上文的 one 构成固定搭配，表示在两个中“ 一个；另外一个”10.将 harmful 改为 harmless，只有这样才可以表达上下文的对比关系。What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question,as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon _1_are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is _2_a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can _3_escapenot even light. But we cant see a black hole. A black hole _4_exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only spaceor thus we think. How can this happen? _5_The theory is that some stars explode when their density increasesto a particular point; they “collapse” and sometimes a supernova occurs.The collapse of a star may produce a “White Dwarf” of a “neutronstar”a star which matter is so dense that if continually shrinks by the force of _6_its own gravity. But if the star is very large, this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results in. Imagine the earth reduced to the _7_size of a marble, but still having the same masses and a stronger _8_gravitational pull, and you have some ideas of the force of a black hole. _9_And no matter near the black hole is sucked in. _10_参考答案及解析:supernova 名词，天超新星1. 将 as 改为 since 或者 because。在表示原因的连接词中，只有 as 引导的原因状语从句不能位于主句之后，只能位于句首。2 .将 adequate 改为 inadequate，或者在 are 后加 not。从逻辑上分析，因为我们拥有的科学术语“不充足”，所以才无法回答这个问题，所以用否定形式。3. 在 which 前加 into。这是一个定语从句，意思是“黑洞是太空中物质可以掉进去的地方”，所以定语从句应该为“into which matter has fallen” 。4. 将 but 改为 so。 上文已提到 “连光都无法从黑洞中逃出”，所以我们根本无法看到黑洞。这里应该是因果关系，而不是转折关系。5 .将 thus 改为 so。这句话的意思是“ 那只是空间或者我们认为它只是空间”。so 做 think 的宾语，thus 只能做连词，不能做宾语。6. 将 which 改为 whose。这个定语从句的意思是“它是一颗星，其密度非常大，由于自身的引力，它在不断地收缩”。matter 属于 star，所以关系代词应该用 whose。7 .去掉 in。result 为不及物动词，意为“形成了”，而“result in sth。 ”意为“导致某结果”。8. 将 masses 改为 mass。mass 可指“大量的物质” ，而“the masses”特指“劳动群众”，用在此处不妥。9 .将 ideas 改为 idea。 “idea”在表达“印象” 时，为不可数名词，不可以用复数。10. 将 no 改为 any。分析便知，任何在黑洞附近的东西都会被吸进去。改错题出现的错误经常包括：语法；词汇；语篇1. 语法包括英语的时态，语态，倒装句，虚拟语气，主，谓，宾在数，格，人称上的一致。2 .词汇方面，短文改错在用词上的错误主要集中在以下几个方面：名次单复数，可数名词和不可数名词的差异，形容词与副词，连词与介词的误用，同义词的混淆等。3. 语篇的改错旨在测试做题者在具体语境上下文中使用语法和词汇的能力。从逻辑的意义上看，句与句之间的关系可以分为顺序，并列，时间，空间，层递，对比，转折，解释，因果，过渡，推论等。最好的做法是先通读全文，结合上下文的逻辑关系回答问题。The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which _1_have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome _2_monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when one occasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People _3_found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat fromone whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as _4_“great fish,” and any whale beaching along the coasts of England was designated “the Kings fish” because it automatically belonged to the Crown.Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of _5_wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, and exploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. _6_Even though some species are protected by the regulations of the International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whalehunting is regulated, but the earths stock of whales is still being _7_depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now _8_ there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind will be blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and _9_awe-inspiring creature that always fed mans imagination and _10_ made the world a more exciting place参考答案及解析:1. 将 which 改为 that。先行词由最高修饰时定语从句的关系代词只能用 that。2. 在 thought 后面加 of，或者将 thought 改为 regarded。 “think of A as B”，指“把 A 看作 B”，为固定搭配。3. 去掉 he。这句话的主语是“to hunt a whale”， “to hunt a whale was high adventure”。中间的“when”只是插入的状语从句。4. 在 referred 后加 to。 “refer to A as B”只“把 A 称作 B”，这句话的意思是“古人把鲸称作大鱼”。5. 在 felt 后加 for。这句话实际的结构是“feel a sense of wonder for whales”指“ 对鲸怀有惊奇的感觉”，for 引出对象。6. 在 exploit 后加 them。capture，slaughter ，exploit 都是及物动词，后面必须加宾语。7. 去掉 but。前面已有“even though”，后面就不应该再用 but。8 .将 since 改为 from。 “100 years from now”指“ 从现在起 100 年后”since 只能用于完成时。9. 在 blame 前加 to。 “be to blame for sth ”指“对某事应负责任”，为固定搭配。10. 在 always 前加 has。这个定语从句强调对现在的影响，很明显应该用完成时，不能用过去式。We use language every day. We live in a world of words. Hardly anymoment passes with someone talking, writing or reading. Indeed, _1_languages is most essential to mankind. Our lives increasingly dependon fast and successful use of language. Strangely enough, we know _2_more about things around us than on ourselves. For example, language _3_is species specific, that is, it is language that differs human from _4_animals. However, we do not know yet how exactly we inquire language _5_and how it is possible for us to perceive through language; nor we _6_understand precisely the combinations between language and thought, _7_language and logic, or language and culture; still less, how and when language started. One reason for this inadequate knowledge of languageis that we, like language users, take too many things for granted. _8_Language comes to every normal person so naturally that a few _9_of us stop to question what language is, much less do we feel the necessity to study it. Language is far more complex than most peoplehave probably imagined and the necessity to study it is far greater thansome people may have assured. Linguistic is a branch of science which _10_takes language as its object of investigation. 参考答案及解析:1. with 改为 without。 ”hardy any moment passes without someone” , 两个否定: without 和hardly，意思是“ 每一时刻有人 ”。2. fast 前面加 the 因为 fast and successful use 这个词组后边有一个前置词短语 of language 修饰 use，所以被修饰的词前面加定冠词。3. than on ourselves 改为 than things on ourselves。在这里比较的是两件事：things around us and things on ourselves(我们周围的事物和我们自身的东西)。第二个 things 不能省略，否则引起误解。4. differs 改为 distinguishes。语言区分人与动物，differ 是不及物动词，后面不能带宾语，只能用介词，如：Man differs from animals in that man possesses language。5. inquire 改为 acquire“习得语言”应该是 acquire language，名词短语是 language acquisition。 Inquire 是“ 询问” 的意思。6. we 前面加上 do 副词 nor 放在句首表示强调，应用倒装句，一般现在时强调句是在主语前面加助动词 do。7. combination 改为 relationships.语言和思维的关系，不是结合；语言和思维的关系是当代语言学研究的重要领域。8. like 改为 as。根据上下文，要表达的意思是“ 作为语言的使用者 ”，不是“ 像语言的使用者”。9. a 去掉 这里是否定的意思：“我们没有多少人” 而不是 “我们一些人.” 。10. assured 改为 assumed. 这句的后半部分意思是“ 研究语言的必要性比我们想象的要大得多”。Assure 译为“ 确保”；assume 译为“假设” 或者“想象”的意思。 Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years before, you cant help being strucked by the _1_appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles andmake-up look date; their skirts look either too long or too _2_short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous.The men taking part, on other hand, are clearly recognizable. _3_There is nothing about their appearance to suggest thatthey belong to an entire different age. This illusion is created _4_by changing fashions. Over the years, the great minority of men _5_have successfully resisted all attempts to make it change their _6_style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year, a fewer so-called top designers in Paris and London lay down _7_on the law and women around the world run to obey. The _8_decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial.Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and _9_waists will be height; hips are in and buttons are out. _10_参考答案及解析:1. strucked 改为 struck 或者 stricken过去分词形式有误。strike 的过去式是 struck，过去分词为 struck 或者 stricken。2. date 改为 dated 或者 outdated3. on other hand 改为 on the other hand4. entire 改为 entirely 副词修饰形容词 different，并与 different 一起修饰 age。5. minority 改为 majority从上下文以及常识判断，多半男性成功地抵制了改变他们服装款式的企图，即多年来，男性大服装款式跟女性服饰相比没有多大的变化。6. it 改为 themthem 指代 the great majority of men。7. fewer 改为 few此处没有比较的意味。8.去掉 onlay down 为习语，表示 “规定(规则，原则，法规等)” 。9. sometime 改为 sometimes。10. height 改为 high形容词作 be 的表语。Demographic indicators show that Americans in the post war period were moreeager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marriagefor both men and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height _1_after more than a hundred years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” _2_These young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that went for more than two decades and caused a major but temporary _3_reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a younger age than their _4_Europe counterparts. _5_Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who formed _6_families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the divorce rate after a _7_postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of _8_couples who married in earlier as well as later decades. Since the United States _9_maintained its dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in Europe. _10_Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was notabandoned.参考答案及解析:1. 将 height 改为 high/peak。整句话的大意为他们把男女的婚龄降了下来，使出生率达到了 20 世纪的高峰。high 可以用作名词，意为“ 高峰”， “高水准”， “最高纪录”。height 可以作 “极点，顶点”解释。例如：The height of cleverness is to conceal ones cleverness。2. 将第二个不定冠词 a 去掉。steady decline 意为持续的下降，前面不用加冠词。又如：years of hard work。根据语感可以判断出来。3. 在 went 后加 on，或将 went 改为 lasted。此处是“持续”的意思，所以可以用 went on 或者 last 来表达。4. 将 high 改为 higher。此处意为美国人结婚率比以前提高了，有与战前相比的意思，因此应用比较级。5. 将 Europe 改为 European。6. 删掉 more。此处的大意为战后离婚率也下降了，这个现象不大有人注意，但同样也很重要。另外，more 与 equally 相矛盾。7. 将 nevertheless 改为 also 或者删掉 nevertheless。此处上下文之间不是转折关系，而是递进关系。8. 将 that 改为 those。