高中英语必修5讲义Module1Section1

Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．accentA．不断地；持续地2．obviousB．口音3．switchC．评论；讲话4．queueD．比较5．confusingE．种类6．pareF．不同，有区别7．varietyG．排队(等候)8．differH．令人困惑的；难懂的9．remarkI．开关10．steadilyJ．显然的；显而易见的答案：1～5BJIGH6～10DEFCAⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Thesethingsseemdifferent,buttheyhavealotinmoninfact.有很多共同点2．Whatyouhavetoldmemaymakeadifferencetomychoice.Ihavechangedmymindnow.有影响3．Iwishtogetaroundallovertheworldoneday.四处旅行4．Sometimessmallmistakescanleadtoserioustrouble.导致5．Thisshootingissimilartotheonethathappenedtwodaysago.与……相似6．Ihavedifficulty(in)learningmathsandIamsoworried.学习有困难WehavelearntEnglishforalongtime.DoyouknowinwhichcountriespeoplespeakEnglish？Thefollowingpicturescanhelpyou.ABCDEF答案：A：England;_B：America;_C：Canada;_D：Australia;_E：New_Zealand;_F：South_AfricaⅠ.FastreadingMatchthefollowingparagraphswiththeirmainideas.①Paras1～2A．Someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother—wherevertheyare.②Para3B．Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.Buttherearesomewordsandexpressionsnotsowellknown.③Para4C．BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentinspellingandpronunciation.④Paras5～7D．Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar.答案：①B②D③C④AⅡ.CarefulreadingReadthetextagainandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．InwhichofthefollowingwaysdoBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishmostobviouslydiffer?A．Pronunciation.B．Accent.C．Vocabulary.D．Grammar.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A．FrenchfriesinAmericaarecalledchipsinBritain.B．ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciation.C．WhenyouvisitNewYork,youneedtousethesubway.D．Americansuseatorch,butfortheBritish,it'saflashlight.3．WhatcausessomepeopletobelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear?A．ManyBritishwordsandstructuresaretooplex.B．LotsofAmericanwordsandstructuresarepassingintoBritishEnglish.C．ThenewsandtheweatherforecastsoftheAmericanTVnetworksareallmadeinAmericanEnglish.D．municationbetweenpeopleofthetwocountrieswouldbemucheasier.4．Accordingtothetext,inthefuture________．A．therewillbemanykindsof“Englishes”B．therewillbeonlytwomainvarietiesC．EnglishspeakerswillhavemoredifficultyunderstandingeachotherD．onlyAmericanEnglishwillbeusedintheworld答案：1～4CDBAⅢ.StudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyamonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.[句式分析][尝试翻译]当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳说“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族”这句名言时，他显然想到了它们之间的区别。2．Thisnonstopmunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.[句式分析]madeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother属于“makeit＋adj./n.＋forsb./sth.todosth.”结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语todosth.，形容词/名词作宾语补足语，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。[尝试翻译]专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英美两国人相互理解起来更加容易。3．However,ifyouturnonCNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccents—American,British,Australian,andevenSpanish.[句式分析]本句为主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句，从句中theAmericanTVnetwork为CNN的同位语；主句中破折号后的内容为differentaccents的同位语。[尝试翻译]然而，如果你打开CNN——美国电视网，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员都操着不同的口音——美国的、英国的、澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。[对应学生课时达标训练(一)]阅读理解AAmericanandBritishpeopleusedifferentgreetings.IntheUSAthemonestgreetingis“Hi！”.InBritainitis“Hello！”or“Howareyou？”.“Hi！”iscreeping(不知不觉地进入)intoBritishEnglish,too.Whentheyareintroducedtosomeone,theAmericanssay,“Gladtoknowyou.”TheBritishsay,“Howdoyoudo？”or“Pleasedtomeetyou.”WhenAmericanssay“Goodbye”，theynearlyalwaysadd“Haveagoodday.”or“Haveagoodtrip.”tofriendsandstrangersalike.Britonsarealreadybeginningtouse“Haveagoodday.”TheBritishusuallyuse“got”inthesenseof“have”.TheAmericanshardlyeverdo.AmericanEnglish:Doyouhaveacar,room,etc.？Yes,Ido.BritishEnglish:Haveyougotacar,room,etc.？Yes,Ihave.ManyAmericanwordsendingin“or”，e．g.honor,laborarespeltinBritishEnglishwithan“our”，e．g.honour,labour.ManyverbsinAmericanEnglishwith“ize”or“izing”forms,e．anize,realizingarespeltinBritishEnglishwith“ise”or“ising”，e．g.organise,realising.InAmericanEnglish,“practice”isusedbothfortheverbandnoun.InBritishEnglish,theverbisspelt“practise”，andthenoun“practice”.InAmericanEnglish,onewrites“traveler”，whileinBritishEnglish,onewrites“traveller”．ItwasoncepredictedthatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbeeseparatelanguagesfinally.Buttheoppositehashappened.Thelinksbetweenthetwocountriesaresostrongthatlinguistically(语言上地),andprobablyculturallytoo,theyareclosertogetherthanever.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了英式和美式英语之间的差异，最后预测最终两种语言将变成不同的语言或越来越接近。1．TheAmericanshardlysay“________”．A．Goodbye.Haveagoodday!B．Gladtoknowyou!C．Hi!D．Haveyougotacar?解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段所举例子可知英国人常使用havegot，而美国人常使用have可知。2．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphtalkabout?A．TherearelotsofdifferencesinspellingbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.B．ThereasonswhytheAmericansandtheBritishusedifferentspellings.C．TherearefewdifferencesinspellingbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.D．ThedifferentusagesofwordsinAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.解析：选A段落大意题。根据第三段所举例子可知英式和美式英语在拼写上有很多差别。3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Thetwolanguagesmustbeeseparatelanguages.B．AmericanEnglishwillbeusedmoreandmore.C．Thetwolanguagesmaybecloserandcloser.D．BritishEnglishwillbeusedmoreandmore.解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可推知C项正确。4．Theunderlinedword“predicted”means“________”．A．explainedB．foretoldC．consideredD．proved解析：选B词义猜测题。本文主要介绍了英式和美式英语之间的差异，最后预测最终两种语言将变成不同的语言。故predict应为“预测”。explain“解释”；consider“考虑；认为”；prove“证实”。BTheEnglishlanguagewasintroducedtotheAmericansthroughBritishcolonizationintheearly17thcenturyanditspreadtomanypartsoftheworld.Overtheyears,EnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesandinBritainaredifferentinmanyways.DifferencesinvocabularyWhileawordmaymeansomethinginBritishEnglish,itmightmeansomethingelseinAmericanEnglish.Forexample:anathleteinBritishEnglishisonewhojoinsintrackandfieldevents(田径比赛),butanathleteinAmericanEnglishisonewhoparticipatesinsportsingeneral.__________________TherearealsoafewdifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishintheuseofprepositions.Forexample:whiletheBritishwouldplayinateam,Americanswouldplayonateam.Anotherexample:whiletheBritishwouldgooutattheweekend,Americanswouldgooutontheweekend.DifferencesinverbusageAmericanandBritishEnglishmayalsouseabaseverbindifferentmanners.Forexample:fortheverb“dream”，Americanswouldusethepasttense“dreamed”whiletheBritishwoulduse“dreamt”inthepasttense.Thesameappliesto“learned”and“learnt”.AnotherexampleofdifferingpasttensespellingsforverbsinAmericanandBritishEnglishis“forecast”.Americansuse“forecast”whiletheBritishwouldsay“forecasted”inthesimplepasttense.Thesewordshavethesamemeanings.DifferencesintimetellingBothlanguageshaveadifferentstructuresoftellingthetime.WhiletheBritishwouldsayaquarterpasttentoexpress10：15,itisunmoninAmericatosayaquarterafterorevenaquarterpastten.Thirtyminutesafterthehourismonlycalledhalfpastinbothlanguages.Americansalwayswritedigitaltimewithacolon,thus6：00,buttheBritishoftenuseapoint,6：00.语篇解读：文章介绍了英式英语和美式英语之间的区别。5．AnathleteinAmericanEnglishreferstoapersonwho________．A．takespartinanykindofsportB．entersintotrackandfieldeventsC．haswonmedalsinsportsmeetingsD．hasthequalificationtoattendtheOlympicGames解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“butanathleteinAmericanEnglishisonewhoparticipatesinsportsingeneral”可知，在美式英语中athlete指的是参加任何一项体育运动的人。6．Whichofthefollowingcanfilltheblank?A．DifferencesinorallanguageB．DifferencesinpronunciationC．DifferencesintheuseoftensesD．Differencesintheuseofprepositions解析：选D段落大意题。根据第三段的“TherearealsoafewdifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishintheuseofprepositions.”可知，本段主要讲美式英语和英式英语在介词运用方面的差异。7．WhichoneisCORRECTfromthepassage?A．UsinghalfpasttwoismoninAmerica.B．TheAmericansusuallyuse“t”toshowapasttenseverb.C．ThereisnodifferencebetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.D．IfyouuseBritishEnglishinAmerica,theAmericanswillnotunderstandwhatyouaresaying.解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Thirtyminutesafterthehourismonlycalledhalfpastinbothlanguages.”可知，“halfpast”在两种语言中都适用。故可知“halfpasttwo”在美式英语中是常见的。8．Bywritingthepassage,theauthorwantsto________．A．underlinetheimportanceoflearningasecondlanguageB．encouragepeopletolearndifferentlanguagesandculturesC．tellreaderssomedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishD．explainwhytherearesomanydifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish解析：选C写作意图题。作者写这篇短文的目的是告诉读者英式英语和美式英语的不同。CItissaidthatagreatmanythingsaboutlanguagesaremysterious,andmanywillalwaysbeso.Butsomethingswedoknow.Firstly,weknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsomekind.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguage,nosetofspeechsoundsbywhichthepeoplemunicatewithoneanother.Inhistoricaltimes,therehasneverbeenaraceofmenwithoutalanguage.Secondly,thereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeoplewhoseculturesareunderdeveloped,whoare,aswesay,uncivilized,butthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknownlanguageswecanseeplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousandsofyearsindeveloping.Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood;indeed,thedirectcontraryhasoftenbeenstated.PopularideasofthelanguageoftheAmericanIndianswillillustrate.ManypeoplehaveguessedthattheIndiansmunicatedinaveryprimitivesystemofnoises.Studyhasprovedthistobenonsense.Thereare,orwere,hundredsofAmericanIndianlanguages,andallofthemturnouttobeveryplicatedandveryold.Theyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwith,buttheyarenomoreprimitivethanEnglishandGreek.Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Thismeanseachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthecultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage.Finally,weknowthatlanguagechanges.It'snaturalandnormalforlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethedeadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookbackwardintime.Changegoesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdospeechsoundsandchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveandmayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage.语篇解读：本文主要论述了关于语言的问题，不论哪个民族都有属于自己的语言，而且都各有特色。9．Inthe2ndparagraphtheauthorthinksthat________．A．somebackwardracesdon'thavealanguageoftheirownB．someracesinhistorydidn'tpossessalanguageoftheirownC．anyhumanrace,whetherbackwardornot,hasalanguageD．someracesonearthcanmunicatewithoutalanguage解析：选C细节理解题。根据“Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguage...”可知作者认为任何人种不管落后与否都有语言。故选C。10．Astheauthorsays,peopleofunderdevelopedculturescanhave________languages.A．plicatedB．uncivilizedC．primitiveD．wellknown解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Secondly,thereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage...butthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive”可知选A。11．AmericanIndianlanguagesarementionedtoprovethattheyare________．A．asfullydevelopedassomewellknownlanguagesB．moreprimitivethansomewellknownlanguagesC．moreplexthansomewellknownlanguagesD．justasprimitiveassomewellknownlanguages解析：选A细节理解题。作者列举美国印第安人的语言的目的是证明这些语言和一些著名的语言一样先进。根据第四段中的“Theyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwith,buttheyarenomoreprimitivethanEnglishandGreek”可知选A。12．Accordingtotheauthor,languagechangesaremostlikelyappearin________．A．grammarB．vocabularyC．intonationD．pronunciation解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage.”可知，词汇是语言中最容易发生变化的部分。Words,words,wordsBritishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentinmanyways.Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.TherearehundredsofdifferentwordswhicharenotusedontheothersideoftheAtlantic,orwhichareusedwithadifferentmeaning.Someofthesewordsarewellknown—Americansdriveautomobilesdownfreewaysandfillupwithgas;theBritishdrivecarsalongmotorwaysandfillupwithpetrol.Asatourist,youwillneedtousetheundergroundinLondonorthesubwayinNewYork,ormaybeyouwillprefertogetaroundthetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American)．ChipsorFrenchfries?Butotherwordsandexpressionsarenotsowellknown.Americansuseaflashlight,whilefortheBritish,it'satorch.TheBritishqueueup,Americansstandinline.Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.Chips,forexample,arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain;intheStateschipsareverythinandaresoldinpackets.TheBritishcallthesecrisps.ThechipstheBritishknowandloveareFrenchfriesontheothersideoftheAtlantic.Haveorhavegot?Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishsayHaveyougot...？whileAmericanspreferDoyouhave...？AnAmericanmightsayMyfriendjustarrived,butaBritishpersonwouldsayMyfriendhasjustarrived.Prepositions,too,canbedifferent:pareontheteam,ontheweekend(American)withintheteam,attheweekend(British)．TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem(I'llseeyouMonday;Writemesoon！)Colourorcolor?Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.Americanspellingseemssimpler:center,colorandprograminsteadofcentre,colourandprogramme.ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlersarrivedfourhundredyearsago.Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish,canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyamonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.Butaretheyreallysoimportant?Afterall,thereisprobablyasmuchvariationofpronunciationwithinthetwocountriesasbetweenthem.ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.TurnontheTVSomeexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.FormorethanacenturymunicationsacrosstheAtlantichavedevelopedsteadily.Sincethe1980s，withsatelliteTVandtheInternet,ithasbeenpossibletolistentoBritishandAmericanEnglishattheflickofaswitch.Thisnonstopmunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.However,ifyouturnonCNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccents—American,British,Australian,andeve