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年重庆交通大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题PartⅡStructure&WrittenExpressionDirections:Ineachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PuttheletterofyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(25%)1.ThomasWolfeportrayedpeoplesothatyoucametoknowtheiryearnings,theirimpulses,andtheirwarts-thiswaseffective______.A.motivationB.pointofviewC.characterizationD.background2.Theappealtothesensesknownas______isespeciallycommoninpoetry.A.imaginativeB.imaginableC.ingeniousD.imagery3.Ifyou'vegotacomplaint,thebestthingistoseethepersonconcernedand______withhim.A.tellitB.haveitoutC.sayitD.haveitknown4.Therehavebeenseveralattemptstointroducegayercolorsandstylesinmen'sclothing,butnoneofthem______.A.hascaughtonB.hascaughthimoutC.hascaughtupD.takeroots5.Theretiredengineerplunkeddown$50,000incashforamid-sizeMercedesasapresentforhiswife______apurchasewithmoneymadeinthestockmarkettheweekbefore.A.paidoffB.paidthroughC.paidoutD.paidfor6.Hehascourageallright,butinmattersrequiringjudgment,hehasoftenbeenfoundsadly______.A.lackitB.absentC.inneedofitD.wanting7.DanisHayesraisedtheessentialparadoxandaskedhowpeoplecouldhavefoughtsohardagainstenvironmentaldegradation______themselvesnowonthevergeoflosingthewar.A.onlyfoundB.findingonlyC.onlytofindD.haveonlyfound8.Theonceseparateissueofenvironmentanddevelopmentarenow______linked.A.intangibleB.indispensableC.inextricablyD.incredibly9.Theneedtoseethatjusticeisdone______everydecisionmadeinthecourts.A.implantsintoB.imposesonC.impingesuponD.imprecatesupon10.TwothirdsoftheU.S.basketballplayersareblack,andthenumberwouldbegreater______thecontinuingpracticeofpickingwhitebenchwarmersforthesakeofbalance.A.wasitnotbecauseofB.haditnotbeenforC.wereitnotforD.woulditnothavebeenfor11.Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything______goingonintheworld.A.itisB.thereisC.asisD.whatis12.Ifthereistheneedtocompeteinacrowd,tobattle______theedgethesureststrategyistodeveloptheunexpected.A.onB.forC.againstD.with13.Justasthereareoccupationsthatrequirecollegeorevenhigherdegrees,______occupationsforwhichtechnicaltrainingisnecessary.A.sotoothereareB.soalsothereareC.sotherearetooD.sotooarethere14.ItisamyththatthelawpermitstheFoodandDrugAdministrationtoignorerequirementsfor______drugswhilebrand-namedrugsstillmustmeettheserigidtests.A.specificB.genericC.intricateD.acrid15.Theverybiggestandmostmurderouswarsduringtheindustrialagewereintra-industrialwarsthat______SecondWavenationslikeGermanyandBritainagainstoneanother.A.pittedB.droveC.keptD.embarked16.Theprivatelifeofhavingeachindividualmakehisorherownchoiceofbeliefsandinterest______withouttheoverarchingpublicworldofthestate,whichsustainsastructureoflawappropriatetoaself-determiningassociation.A.isnotpossibleB.wouldnotbepossibleC.willnotbepossibleD.cannotbepossible17.FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics______intumevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.A.ofwhichB.fromwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich18.ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravelthatman______PrinceHenry,thenavigator,wholivedinthe15thcentury.A.wasB.wascalledC.callingD.being19.Grantwasoneofabodyofmenwhowereself-reliant______,whocaredhardlyanythingforthepastbuthadasharpeyeforthefuture.A.onthemselvesB.onnotmakingafaultC.toafaultD.toremainahead20.Huntingtonandmanyofitscompetitorsareworkingtomakeremedialinstructionacommodityas______andaccessibleasfrozenyogurt.A.ubiquitousB.rationalC.necessaryD.credible21.Theschemeforrebuildingthecitycenter______owingtotherefusalofaCounciltosanctiontheexpenditureofthemoneyitwouldhaverequired.A.felldownB.felloffC.felloutD.fellflat22.Iftheythinktheyaregoingtowinoverusbyobstinately______andrefusingtomaketheslightestconcession,theyaremistaken.A.holdingoutB.holdingtoC.holdingoverD.holdingup23.Thepossibilitythattheexplosionwascausedbysabotagecannotbe______.A.brokenoutB.cancelledoutC.ruledoutD.wipedout24.Theex-presidenthadbeen______inthecountrytorefreshhismindbeforehepassedaway.A.giventowalkingB.givenawalkC.givenforawalkD.givingawalk25.Hedidnotrelishappealingamongsthisfriendsand______oftheircriticismorcensure.A.runningshortB.runningoutC.runningthegauntletD.runningaheadPartⅢReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15%)Passage1ItwasanormaldayinthelifeoftheAmericanRedCrossinGreaterNewYork.First,partofabuildingonWest140thStreet,inHarlem,felldown.Bedstumbledthroughtheair,peopleslidoutoftheirapartmentsandontotheground,threepeopledied,andtheRedCrosswasthere,helpingshockedresidentsfindtemporaryshelter,andfoodandclothing.Thenitwasbackdowntownforthatevening'sbigfund-raiser,theEleventhAnnualRedCrossAwardDinnerDance,atthePierre.“That'swhyIhavebadhairtonight,”saidChristopherPeake,aRedCrossspokesmanwhohadspentmuchofthedayattheHarlemscene,inthedrizzlingrain.Hewasnowinatuxedo,andactuallyhishairdidn'tlooksobad,framedbyacenterpieceoftulipsandjonquils,andperhapsimprovedbysubduedlightingfromeightcrystalchandeliers.Definitelynothavingabad-hairnightwasElizabethDole,thewifeofSenatorRobertDoleandthepresidentoftheAmericanRedCross.PresidentDolehaschestnut-coloredRepublicanhair,whichwassoftlycoifed,andshewaswearingafittedburgundyvelveteveningsuit(“Someonemadeitforme!Ilovevelvet.”sheexclaimed,inherenthusiastic,NorthernCarolinahostessvoice)andsparklingdropearrings.Ofcourse,shehadn'tbeenstandingintheraininHarlem;shehadjustflownuponthethree-o'clockshuttlefromWashington.Doleisextremelypretty,withroundgreeneyesandafullmouthandadirectpersonality.Shetiltsherheadattentivelywhenshelistens.Shewastherecipientoftheevening'saward;previousawardwinnershaveincludedAliceTully,PrincessYasminAsaKhan,...and,mostrecently,BrookeAstor.NotexactlyasequenceattheendofwhichyouwouldexpecttofindElizabethDole,butawardgiversarefamousforhavingpoliticalinstinctsaswellasphilanthropicones.Surroundedbythedeep-blueswagsandgoldendraperiesoftheballroomweremorethanthirty-fivedinnertablessetwithgroupingsofcandlesandfloralcenterpiecesandRoyalDoultonchina.AmericanExpresswasthere.SowereBristol-MyersSquibb;Coopers&Lybrand;theNewYorkTimesCompany;UnionBankofSwitzerland;ChemicalBank;NewYorkLife;...andPriceWaterhouse.TheactressArleneDahl,withherratherredhairandherbeardedhusband,presidedoveronetable.Otherwise,itwasatypical,faceless,captain-of-industryfundraiser(nomodels!nostars!),ofwhichthereseemstobeatleastoneeverynightinNewYorkCity.Itwasnotasocietynight,butstilltheeveningraisedfourhundredandthirtythousanddollars.26.Fromwhatwereadwecaninferthat“itwasanormaldayinthelifeoftheAmericanRedCrossinGreaterNewYork”meansitsstaff______.A.dealwiththefailofhousesinthecityeverydayB.arebusyhelpingpeoplewhosufferfromdisasterseverydayC.workduringthedayandtohavebanquetintheeveningeverydayD.gotoHarlem,thepoorestdistrictofNewYork,everydayandhelppeoplethere27.Thefund-raisermentionedinthepassagerefersto______.A.RobertDoleB.ElizabethDoleC.theEleventhAnnualRedCrossAwardDinnerDanceD.allthebusinesscompaniesattendingtheDinnerDance28.ChristopherPeake'shairdidn'tlooksobadbecause______.A.hewaswearingahandsometuxedoB.hewaswearingtulipsonhissuitC.hewasseenamongflowersD.hewassittingnearflowersandinverysoftlight29.ElizabethDolewas______.A.thepresidentoftheAmericanRedCrossandactedattheDinnerasaNorthCarolinahostessB.arepublicanandwifeofthepresidentoftheAmericanRedCrossC.thepresidentoftheAmericanRedCrossanditsmainrepresentativeattheAnnualDinnerDanceD.borninNorthCarolina,becameanair-hostessandlatermarriedSenatorRobertDole30.ThepresenceofanactressattheDinnermadethefundraising______.A.lessimpersonalB.atypicalfund-raisingeventC.lesspersonalD.morebusiness-likePassage2Forlaymenethnologyisprobablythemostinterestingofthebiologicalsciencesfortheveryreasonthatitconcernsanimalsintheirnormalactivitiesandtherefore,ifwewish,wecanassessthepossibledangersandadvantagesinourownbehavioralroots.Ethnologyalsoisinterestingmethodologicallybecauseitcombinesinnewwaysveryscrupulousfieldobservationswithexperimentationinlaboratories.Thefieldworkershavehadsomehandicapsinwinningrespectforthemselves.Foralongtimetheywereconsideredaslittlebetterthanamateuranimal-watcherscertainlynotscientists,sincetheirfactswerenotgainedbyexperimentalprocedures:theycouldnotconformtothehard-and-fastrulethataproblemsetupandsolvedbyonescientistmustbetestedbyotherscientists,underidenticalconditionsandreachingidenticalresults.Ofcoursemanysituationsinthelivesofanimalssimplycannotberehearsedandcontrolledinthisway.Thefallflockingofwildfreebirdscan'tbe,orthehomingofanimalsoverlongdistances,orevendetailsofspontaneousfamilyrelationships.Sincethesenevercanbereproducedinalaboratory,aretheythennotworthknowingabout?Theethnologistswhochoosefieldworkhavegotthemselvesoutofthisimpassebygreatlyrefiningthetechniquesofobserving.Atthestartofaprojectalltheanimalstobestudiedarelive-trapped,markedindividually,andreleased.Motionpictures,oftenincolor,providepermanentrecordsoftheirsubsequentactivities.Recordingoftheanimals'voicesbyelectricalsoundequipmentisconsideredessential,andthemostmeticulousnotesarekeptofallthatoccurs.Withthismaterialotherbiologists,farfromthescene,latercanverifythereports.Moreover,twofieldobserversoftengoouttogether,checkingeachother'sobservationsrightthereinthefield.Ethnology,theword,isderivedfromtheGreekethos,meaningthecharacteristictraitsorfeatureswhichdistinguishanyparticulargroupofpeopleor,inbiology,agroupofanimalssuchasaspecies.Ethnologistshavetheintentionofstudying“thewholesequenceofactswhichconstituteananimal'sbehavior.”Inabridgeddictionariesethnologyissometimesdefinedsimplyas“theobjectivestudyofanimalbehavior,”andethnologistsdoemphasizetheirwishtoeliminatemyths.31.Inthefirstsentence,theword“laymen”meansA.peoplewhostandasideB.peoplewhoarenottrainedasbiologistsC.peoplewhoareamateurbiologistsD.peoplewholoveanimals32.Accordingtothepassage,ethnologyisA.anewbranchofbiologyB.anoldGreekscienceC.apseudo-scienceD.ascienceforamateurs33.“Thefieldworkershavehandicapsinwinningrespectforthemselves.”ThissentencemeansA.ethnologistswhenworkinginthefieldarehandicappedB.ethnologistshaveproblemsinwinningrecognitionasscientistsC.ethnologistsarelookeddownuponwhentheyworkinthefieldD.ethnologistsmeetwithlotsofdifficultieswhendoingfieldwork34.Accordingtotheexplanationofthescientificruleofexperimentinthepassage,“hard-and-fast”meansexperimentproceduresA.aredifficultandquicktofollowB.mustbecarriedoutinastrictandquickwayC.mustbefollowedstrictlytoavoidfalseandlooseresultsD.hardandunreasonableforscientiststoobserve35.Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordsin“thedetailsofspontaneousfamilyrelationships”canbeexpressedasA.naturalfamilyrelationshipsB.quicklyoccurringfamilyrelationshipsC.animalsactinglikeanaturalfamilyD.animalfamilybehaviorthatcannotbepreplannedorcontrolledPassage3Thesinglegreatestshiftinthehistoryofmass-communicationtechnologyoccurredinthe15thcenturyandwaswelldescribedbyVictorHugoinafamouschapterof“NotreDamedeParis”.Itwasacathedral.Onallpartsofthegiantbuilding,statuaryandstonerepresentationsofeverykind,combinedwithhugewindowsofstainedglass,toldthestoriesoftheBibleandthesaints,displayedtheintricaciesofChristiantheology,advertedtotheexistenceofhighlyunpleasantdemonicwingedcreatures,referreddiplomaticallytothemajestiesofpoliticalpower,and,inaddition,bymeansofbellsinbelltowers,toldtimeforthebenefitofallofParisandmuchofFrance.Itwasanawesomeengineofcommunication.Thencamethetransitiontosomethingstillmoreawesome.Thenewtechnologyofmasscommunicationwasportable,couldsitonyourtable,andwaseasilyreplicable,andyet,paradoxically,containedmoreinformation,moresystematicallypresented,thaneventhelargestofcathedrals.Itwastheprintedbook.Thoughitprovidednobellsandcouldnottelltime,theover-allsuperiorityofthenewinventionwasunmistakable.Inthelasttenortwentyyears,wehavebeenundergoingamoreorlessequivalentshift-thistimetoanewlifeasacomputer-usingpopulation.Thegaininportability,capability,ease,orderliness,accuracy,reliability,andinformation-storageoveranythingachievablebypenscribbling,typewriting,andcabinetfilingisrecognizedbyall.Theprogressforcivilizationisundeniableand,plainly,irreversible.Yet,justasthebook'striumphoverthecathedraldividedpeopleintotwogroups,oneofwhichprospered,whiletheotherlapsedintogloom,thecomputer'striumphhasalsodividedthehumanrace.Youhaveonlytobringacomputerintoaroomtoseethatsomepeoplebeginatoncetobuzzwithcuriosityandexcitement,sitdowntoconductexperiments,ohandahattheboxesandbeeps,andmastertheuseofthecomputeroranewprogramasquicklyasathletesplayingadelightfulnewgame.Buthowdifficultitis-howgrimandfrightfulfortheotherpeople,thedefeatedclass,whosetemperamentdoesnotnaturallyrespondtocomputers.Themachinewhirrsandglowsbeforethemandtheirfacestwitch.Theymaybesplendidlyeducated,asmeasuredbybook-reading,yettheirinstinctsareallwrong,andnoamountofmanual-studyingandmouse-clickingwillmakethemright.Computersrequireasharplydifferentsetofaptitudes,and,iftheaptitudesaremissing,littlecanbedone,andmiseryisguaranteed.Isthecomputerindustryawarethatcomputershavedividedmankindintotwonew,previouslyunknownclasses,thecomputerpersonalitiesandthenon-computerpersonalities?Yes,theindustryknowsthis.Vastsumshavebeenexpendedinordertoadaptthecomputertothelimitationsofnoncomputerpersonalities.Apple'sMacintosh,withitszoominganimationsandpull-downmenusandlittlepicturesoffilefoldersandwatchfacesandtrashcans,pointedtheway.Suchseductionshavesoothedtheapprehensionsofacertainnumberofthecomputer-averse.Thisspring,thecomputerindustry'seffortsarereachingaculminationofsons.Microsoft,BillGates'giantcorporation,istobringoutaprogrampackagecalledMicrosoftBob,designedbyMr.Gates'wife,MelindaFrench,andintendedtorendercomputertechnologyavailableeventopeoplewhoareopenlyterrifiedofcomputers.Bob'sprincipleistotaketheseveraltasksofoperatingacomputer,renametheminafolksystyle,andassigntothemtheimagesofanidealroominanidealhome,withfurnitureandbookshelves,andwithchummycartoonhelpers(“FriendsofBob”)toguidethecomputeruserovertheroughspots,and,inthatway,simulateanatmospherethatfeelsnothinglikecomputers.36.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.ItisbecausethecathedralofNotre-DameinParishadmanybell-towersandcouldtelltimetopeoplethatthewriterregardsitasanengineofmasscommunication.B.Fromcathedralstobookstocomputersthetechnologyofcommunicationhasbecomemoreconvenient,reliableandfast.C.Everytimewhenanewcommunicationmeanstriumphedovertheold,itdividedmankindintotwogroups.D.Computerindustryhasbeentryingbardtomakepeopleacceptcomputers.37.Theprintedbookismoreprogressivethanthecathedralasacommunicationmeans,because______.A.itcouldsitonyourtableanddidnolongertelltimeB.itwasmorereliableanddidnottellthestoriesofsaintsanddemonsC.itwassmall,yetcontainedmoreinformationD.itdidnotflatterreligiousandpoliticalpower38.Theword“awesome”inthepassagemeans______.A.frighteningB.causingfearandrespectC.amazinglynewD.awful39.Peoplewhofeelmiserablewithcomputersarethose______.A.wholovereadinghooksandwritingwithapenoratypewriterB.whopossessthewrongaptitudesofdislikingandfearingnewthingsC.whohavenotbeentrainedtousecomputersD.whoarebornwithatemperamentthatdoesnotrespondtocomputers40.MelindaFrenchdesignedMicrosoftBobwhichwastoeasethemiseryofcomputerusersby______.A.makingusersfeelthattheyarenotdealingwithmachinesB.makingtheprogrammoreconvenientandcartoon-likeC.addinghomepicturestotheprogramdesignD.renamingthecomputertasksinafolksystyleDirections:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenparaphrasethenumberedandunderlinedparts.(“Paraphrase”meanstoexplainthemeaninginyourownEnglish.)(15%)Charmistheultimateweapon,thesupremeseduction,againstwhichtherearefewdefenses.Ifyou'vegotit,youneedalmostnothingelse,neithermoney,looks,norpedigree.(41)Itisagift-onlygiventogiveaway,andthemoreusedthemorethereis.Itisalsoaclimateofbehaviorsetforperpetualsummerandcontrolledbytasteandtact.Realcharmisdynamic,anenvelopingspellwhichmysteriouslyenslavesthesenses.Itisaninnerlight,fedonreservoirsofbenevolencewhichwelluplikeathermalspring.Itisunconscious,oftennothingbutthewishtoplease,andcannotbeturnedonandoffatwill.(42)Yourecognizecharmbythefeelingyougetinitspresence.Youknowwhohasit.Butcanyougetittoo?Probably,youcan't,becauseit'saquicknessofspirit,anoriginalityoftouchyouhavetobebornwith.Orit'ssomethingthatgrowsnaturallyoutofanotherquality,likethesimpledesiretomakepeoplehappy.Certainly,charmisnotaquestionoflearningtricks,likewrinklingyournose,orhavingalaughinyourvoice,orgailytossingyourhairoutofyourdancingeyes.(43)Suchsigns,tothenervous,areominouswarningswhichmaywellsendhimstreakingforcover.Ontheotherhand,thereisanantenna,abuilt-inawarenessofothers,whichmostpeoplehave,andwhichcarecannourish.Butinastudyofcharm,whatelsedoesonelookfor?Apartfromtheabilitytolistenrarestofallhumanvirtuesandmostdifficulttosustainwithoutvaguenessapartfromwarmth,sensitivity,andthepowertoplease,whatelseistherevisible?(44)Agenerosity,Isuppose,whichmakesnodemands,atransactionwhichstrikesnobargains,whichdoesn'tholditselfbacktillyou'vefilledupatest-cardmakingitdearthatyou'reworththetrouble.Charmcan'twithhold,butspendsitselfwillinglyonyoungandoldalike,onthepoor,theugly,thedim,theboring,onthelastfatmaninthecomer.(45)Itrevealsitselfalsoinasenseofease,incasualbutperfectmanners,andofteninaphysicalgracewhichspringslessfromanaccidentofyouththanfromaconfidentserenityofmind.Anypersonwiththisismorethanjustapopularfellow,heisalsoasocialhealer.PartⅣClozeTestDirections:FillineachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagewithONEsuitablewordtocompletethepassage.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10%)Onewayofimprovingone'swritingistogetintothehabitofkeepingarecordofyourobservations,ofstoring46inanotebookorjournal.Youshouldmakenoteonyourexperiencesandonyour47ofeverydaylifesothattheyarepreserved.Itissad48tobeabletoretrievealostideathatseemedbrilliantwhenitflashedacrossyour49,oraforgottenfactthatyouneedtomakeapointinanargumentortoillustrateaconclusion.Thejournalhabithasstill50value.Just51youneedtorecordobservations-hematerialforwriting,youneedtopracticeputtingthoughtsonpaper.Learningtowriteismorelikelearningtoski52itislikestudyingcalculusoranthropology.Practicehelpsyoudiscoverwaystoimprove.Writingdownideasforyourownuseforcesyoutoexaminethem.Puttingthoughtsonpaperforsomeoneelsetoread53youtoevaluatenot54thecontentwhatyousaybutalsotheexpression55yousayit.Manyratershavebenefitedfromthishabit.PartⅤProofreadingDirections:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether20mistakes,oneineachunderlinedsentenceorpartofasentence.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordorjustdeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutwithaslash(□andwritethecorrectword.Ifyouaddaword,writethemissingwordbetweenthewords(inbracket)immediatelybeforeandafterit.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutwithaslash(□PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(20%)Examples:eg.1.(56)Themeetingbegun2hoursago.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(56)begun→beganeg.2.(57)Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainwentup.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(57)(Scarcely)had(they)eg.3.(58)NeverwillInotdoitagainCorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(58)not(56)“Humanism”hasusedtomeantoomanything,tobeaverysatisfactoryterm.(57)Nevertheless,andinthelackofabetterword,(58)Ishalluseitheretoexplainforthecomplexofattitudeswhichthisdiscussionhasundertakentodefend.(59)Inthissenseahumanistisanyonewhoreiectstheattempttodescribeoraccountofmanwhollyonthebasisofphysics,chemistry,andanimalbehavior.(60)Heisanyonewhobelievesthatwill,reason,andpurposearerealandsignificant:thatvalueandjusticeareaspectsofarealitycalledgoodandevilandrestsuponsomefoundationotherthancustom;(61)thatconsciousnessissofarfromamereepiphenomenonthatitisthemosttremendousofactualities;(62)thattheunmeasured,maybesignificant;ortosumitallup;(63)thatthosehumanrealitieswhichsometimesseemtoexistonlyinhumanmindaretheperceptionsofthemind.(64)Heis,inotherwords,anyonewhosaysthattherearemorethingsinheavenandearththanthosedreamedofinthepositivistphilosophy.(65)Originally,tobesure,thetermhumanistmeantsimplyanyonewhothoughtthestudyofancientliteraturehischiefconcern.Obviouslyitmeans,asIuseit,verymuchmore.(66)ButthereremainsneverthelessacertainconnectionbetweentheaboriginalmeaningandthatIamattemptingtogiveit,(67)becausethosewhomIdescribeashumanistsusuallyrecognizethatliteratureandtheartshavebeenprettyconsistently“onitsside”and(68)becauseitisoftenliteraturethattheyturntorenewtheirfaithinthewholeclassoftruthswhichthemodemworldhassoconsistentlytended,todismissasthemerefigmentsofawishfulthinkingimagination.(69)Insofarasthismodernworldgiveslessandlessattentiontoitsliterarypast,insofarasitdismissesthatpastassomethingoutgrowand(70)tobediscardedasmuchastheimperfecttechnologycontemporarywithithasbeendiscarded,(71)justtothatextentitfacilitatethesurrenderofhumanismtotechnology.(72)Theliteratureistobefound,directlyexpressedor(73)moreoftenindirectlyimplied,themosteffectivecorrectiontotheviewsnowmostprevalentamongthethinkingandunthinking.(74)Thegreatimaginativewriterspresentapictureofhumannatureandofhumanlifewhichcarriesconvictionandthusgivingthelietoallattemptstoreducemantoamechanism.Novelsandpoems,anddramasaresopersistentlyconcernedwiththevalueswhichrelativismrejectsthatonemightevendefineliteratureastheattempttopassvaluejudgmentsuponrepresentationsofhumanlife.(75)Moreoftenthannotthoseofitsimaginativepersonswhofailtoachievepowerandwealtharemoresuccessfulthanthosewhodonot-bystandardswhichtheimaginativewriterpersuadesustoacceptasvalid.PartⅥWritingDirections:Writeashortcompositionofabout250to300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.(15%)Topic:Whatisthemosturgentissuefacingtheworldpeopleinthe21stcentury?Stateyourreasons.参考答案PartⅡStructure&WrittenExpression1.C2.D3.B4.A5.D6.D7.C8.C9.C10.C11.B12.B13.D14.B15.A16

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