高中英语 语法过关句式结构辅导课件

1、2021/8/11 星期三1(十三)句式结构 一、祈使句1.祈使句的否定式是在句首原形动词前加dont或never。 Please dont forget to take your medicine.2.祈使句的反义疑问句是在句末加“will you？”。 Have another piece of cake，will you? Dont make any noise，will you?3.祈使句前加助动词do用来加强语气。 Do turn off the light before you leave.4.祈使句可以带主语。 2021/8/11 星期三2(1)为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出要求

2、或发出命令时，需加上 主语“you”，有时还可同时加上称呼语。 Tom，you water the flowers!(2)命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需带主语“you”。 You，girls，clean the desks，you，boys，sweep the floor.(3)表达“不高兴、厌烦”等情绪时，可带主语“you”。 You mind your own business！你少管闲事！(4)祈使句的主语还可用“everybody，everyone，somebody， somone，nobody”或第三人称。 Someone answer the phone！谁去接一下电话

3、！ 2021/8/11 星期三35.以Lets或Let us开头的祈使句。 Lett get down to work，shall_we? Let us calm down，will_you?6.构成句式：祈使句and/or简单句。 Make a move and Ill shoot. (If you make a move，Ill shoot.) Go away，or I will call the police. (If you dont go away，I will call the police.)二、感叹句1.基本句式 (1)Whata/an形容词单数可数名词主语谓语 What a

4、clever boy he is! 2021/8/11 星期三4 (2)What形容词不可数名词主语谓语 What fine weather we are having today! (3)What形容词复数名词主语谓语 What beautiful flowers these are! (4)How形容词或副词主语谓语 How high the mountain is!2.特殊句式 (1)How形容词a/an单数可数名词主语谓语 How difficult a problem it is! (2)How主语谓语 How we love our motherland! 2021/8/11 星期

5、三5三、there be句型1.There be句型是一种特殊句式，表示“在什么地方存在什么人或 事物”。在此句式中，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。 There is a tall tree in front of the classroom. There are many desks and chairs in the room.2.there be句式中的be有时可用seem to be，happen to be，used to be，have to be等替代。 There seems to be something wrong with me. There used to be

6、 a cinema here before the war.3.there be句式中的be可用remain，live，stand，lie，exist等不及 物动词替代。 There remains nothing more to be done. 2021/8/11 星期三6 No one knows exactly if there exist other living things in the universe.4.there be句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，有两种形式：there being和there to be。 There being no further business，I

7、 declared the meeting closed. 由于没有其他事情，我宣布散会。 I dont want there to be another conflict. 我不希望再有冲突发生。5.用于组成特殊句式。 (1)there is no use/point/sense(in)doing.“做某事没用或没意义”。 There is no point(in)worrying about it. (2)there is no doubt about./there is no doubt that.“毫无疑 问”。 There is no doubt that she has told

8、the truth. 2021/8/11 星期三7 (3)there is no need for./there is no need to do.“没有必要”。 There is no need to hurry，is there? (4)there is no doing.“不可能；无法；没有办法”。 There is no knowing how long he might be away. 无法知道他要离开多长时间。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事不可开玩笑。四、强调句型1.强调句型用于强调陈述句。 形式：it is/was被强调部

9、分that/who. It is I who am to blame.应受责备的是我。 2021/8/11 星期三82.强调句型用于强调一般疑问句。 形式：is/was it被强调部分that/who.? Was it in 1896 that the modern Olympic Games started? 此时，还可以把强调句型用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变 化。 I wonder if it is Professor Wang that teaches you English.3.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句。 形式：疑问词is/was it that.? Who was it tha

10、t broke the window? 打破窗子的是谁？ 此时，强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变化。 I dont understand why it is that smoking is not allowed here. 2021/8/11 星期三94.强调句型用于强调not.until.句型。 形式：it is/was not until被强调部分that. It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed.5.强调句型与状语从句、定语从句的区别。 判断是否为强调句型，可先把it is/was.that/when/where/si

11、nce. 去掉，如果剩下的部分无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完 整的句子，那么就是强调句型，否则就不是。 It was on Januray 1st that I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer. (去掉it was.that.后：On January 1st I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer.很明显句子是完整的，所以这是一个强调句型。句意是 “我是在元月一日拜访了朋友詹尼佛。”) 2021/8/11 星期三10 It was January 1st when I paid a visit to my friend

12、 Jennifer. (去掉it was.when.后：January 1st I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer.显然句子不完整，所以这不是一个强调句型，而是一 个带有时间状语从句的复合句。句意是“那天是元月一日，我去 拜访了朋友詹尼佛。”)五、倒装句1.全部倒装 下列情况下，句子要使用全部倒装 (1)表示方位的副词(如up，down，out，in，away，round， here，there)放在句首，句子的谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动 物(如go，come，run，rush，fly)，主语是名词(注：不能是代 词)。 2021/8/11 星期三11

13、Here comes the train to Beijing. 但主语如果是人称代词，则句子不用倒装，主语仍置于动词之前。 The door opened and in she came.【注】在全部倒装句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时或一般过去 时，不能用进行时、将来时或完成时态。 (2)表示时间的副词now，then放在句首，句子的谓语动词是 come，主语是名词(注：不能是代词)。 Now comes your turn. (3)介词短语放在句首作状语，句子的谓语动词是不及物动词(如 lie，stand，sit，exist，stretch，come)或系动词be，主语是名词 (注：不能是

14、代词)。 After the banquet came a firework display in the garden. 2021/8/11 星期三12 (4)代词such放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be。 Such are the facts；no one can deny them. (5)分词短语放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be，主语是名词。 Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.2.部分倒装 下列情况下，句子要使用部分倒装： (1)“only副词、介词短语或从句”放在句首时。 Only when the war was over in 19

15、18 was he able to get happily back to work. (2)含有否定意义的副词(如never，seldom，little，nowhere， hardly等)放在句首时。 Never in history has technology made such rapid progress. 2021/8/11 星期三13(3)“not an.”“not a singlen.”“not once”或“not until.”等短语放 在句首时。 Not a word did he say at the last meeting.(4)表示否定意义的介词短语(如at no

16、 time，on no account，under no circumstances，by no means，in no way等)放在句首时。 Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.(5)在hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.引导 两个分句时，如把hardly，no sooner或not only放在句首，前一 个分句中的主谓要用部分倒装，后一个分句中则不用倒装。 Hardly had he begun to speak when his father sto

17、pped him.(6)在“so助动词主语”和“neither/nor助动词主语”中。 They love having lots of friends；so do those with disabilities. 2021/8/11 星期三14 I dont know，nor do I care.(7)在“soadj./adv.that.”句式中，如将“soadj./adv.”放在句首 时。 So moved was she that she could not say a word. So loudly did he speak that even the people in the ne

18、xt room could hear him.(8)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had，were或should时， 如将if省略，则要将had，were或should等移到主语前。 Had it not been for your support，I would not have succeeded. Should it rain tomorrow，we would put off the sports meet. 2021/8/11 星期三15过关落实1.Its a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this weekend? A.Why

19、not visit B.Why not to visit C.Why not visiting D.Why dont visit 解析：“why not do.”means“why dont you do.”用来提出 建议“为何不”。 答案：A2.My room gets very cold at night. _. A.So is mine B.So mine is C.So does mine D.So mine does 解析：“so助动词主语”表示前面出现的情况同样适用于后 者。 答案：C 2021/8/11 星期三163.I dont mind her criticizing me，

20、but _ is how she does it that I object to. A.it B.that C.this D.which 解析：强调句型中只能用it。 答案：A4.You have failed two tests.Youd better start working harder， _ you wont pass the course. A.and B.so C.but D.or 解析：并列连词or译为“否则”。 答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三175.When youve finished with that book，dont forget to put it bac

21、k on the shelf，_？ A.do you B.dont you C.will you D.wont you 解析：否定祈使句的反意疑问句应用“will you？”。 答案：C6.Help others whenever you can _ you will make the world a nicer place to live in. A.and B.or C.unless D.but 解析：祈使句and简单句。 答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三187.Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day. _？ Thats his thi

22、rd one in just one month. A.Had he B.Did he C.Does he D.Has he 解析：由上下文可知，应用一般过去时。 答案：B8.You should apologize to her，Barry. _，but its not going to be easy. A.I suppose so B.I feel so C.I prefer to D.I like to 解析：“我也这么认为。”是简略答语。 答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三199.Reality is not the way you wish things to be，nor th

23、e way they appear to be，_ the way they actually are. A.as B.or C.but D.and 解析：“not.nor.but.”表示“不是，也不是，而 是”。 答案：C10.The little boy came riding with full speed down the motorway on his bicycle._ it was! A.What a dangerous scene B.What dangerous a scene C.How a dangerous scene D.How dangerous the scene

24、 解析：感叹句whata/anadj.单数可数名词主语谓语。 答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三2011.David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _ he chose the course. A.that B.what C.why D.how 解析：此句包括了it was被强调的原因状语that句型结构。 答案：A12.So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A.I did find B.did I