计算机英语翻译技巧

1、计算机英语的翻译技巧计算机英语的翻译技巧（一）词义选择 计算机英语中的专业词汇大多是通过借用或引申原义等手段转变而来。这就使得计算机英语翻译在词义选择上不仅要注意一词多义的区别，还要注意其作为计算机专业词汇的不同词义。 A bus is simply a bundle of wires that carry signals and power between different components. 总线 只不过是在不同构建之间传输信号和供电的一束导线。 Next, you want to look down the list of check boxes and radio buttons

2、 to find the one that says “Show hidden files and folders”. 接下来，你要往下浏览复选框和单选按钮列表，找到“显示隐藏文件和文件夹”单选钮。 The computer memory locations are called variables because they hold values that may vary. 计算机存储单元称为变量，因为它们所保存的值可以变化。 The speed at which information can be transmitted across the Internet depends on t

3、he lowest information transporting capacity along the route and the number of people using that route at any given time. 因特网上的信息传输速度取决于路径的最低信息传输容量和在任何特定时间使用该路径的人数。 To be part of the Internet, a computer must have a unique Internet Protocol network address so that messages can be correctly routed to

4、and from the machine over the Internet. 要成为英特网的一部分，一台计算机必须拥有一个独特的网址，以便信息能够通过因特网按正确的路径从该机器接受或发送。 Some command interpreters are text-oriented, requiring commands to be typed in or to be selected via function keys on a keyboard. 一些命令解释器是面向文本的，需要健入命令或通过键盘上的功能键选择命令。 Procedure and function statements defi

5、ne certain blocks of code as procedures or functions that can then be returned to later in the program. 过程和函数语句将某些代码块定义为以后可在程序中回调的过程或函数。(二）词性，句子成分，句子类型的转换 英汉两种语言存在很大差异，如果拘泥于原文单词或句子的语法特征，势必产生蹩脚生硬的翻译。因此，在忠实于原文的情况下，要敢于突破语法框框，对词性，句子成分，句子类型进行变通转换，以使译文自然流畅，符合汉语习惯。Multithreading is a necessity in multimedi

6、a and network programming.多线程操作在多媒体与网络编程中必不可少。An e-mail is formatted similarly to a memo.电子邮件的格式编排类似于备忘录。Consequently, the world is full of poorly designed database.因此，设计糟糕的数据库比比皆是。The language allows a concise expression of arithmetic and logic process.这种语言能简要表达算术和逻辑关系。The communication system is c

7、hiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation.这种通信系统的主要特点是操作简单。The information Superhighway is a collection of computers, networks, online services, telephone lines, satellites, fiber optic cables, and all the equipment and programs that these computers use to communicate with each other.信息高速公

8、路汇集了计算机，网络，在线服务，电话线路，卫星，光缆，以及用于计算机通信的设备和程序。 The publishing, advertising, and photography industries all changed considerably after the development and popularization of powerful software and hardware that made high quality desktop publishing affordable for them. 随着软件和硬件的开发和普及，印刷业，广告业和摄影行业都能够支付得起高质量的

9、桌面排版系统，进而得到了相当大的改观。 A developer might produce a simple hierarchical structure chart, in which each function (or module) appears as a block and its interaction with every other function is shown. After an initial decomposition of the program, the developer can then concentrate on creating a more deta

10、iled design of each function. 开发者必须制定一个简单的分层结构图表，表中一个方块代表一个功能或模块，每个功能模块间的相互作用关系应表示清楚。经过程序的初步分解，开发人员随后就集中力量对每一功能模块进行更详细的设计。 (三）重复译法 有些词在汉语中不必重复，但在汉语中必须重复，否则会造成文理不通或逻辑混乱。在专业英语翻译中，重复译法的目的主要是为了表达上的明确具体。常用的方法如下： 1 重复共同部分 In addition, the database system must provide for the safety of the information stor

11、ed, despite system crashes or attempts at unauthorized access. 另外，数据库系统还必须提供所存储信息的安全性保证，即使在系统崩溃或有人企图越权访问时也应保障信息的安全性。 For this reason, there are magnetic and optical disk drives for semi-permanent storage of both programs and data. 基于此，现有的一些磁盘驱动器和光盘驱动器既用于半永久性地存储程序，又用于半永久性地存储数据。 2 重复省略部分 英语的并列句常常在后一分句

12、中省略前一部分相同的部分，以免重复。汉译时有时则需要把省略部分还原。 You should always at least 20 to 60 MB free on your hard disk drive, and of course you can get by with less, but you will pay for it in slower access. 在硬盘驱动器上应当留有至少2060MB的空间，当然少留一些空间也能应付，但代价就是访问速度会变慢。 There are two kinds of video capture devices, analog and digital

13、. 视频采集设备有两种：模拟采集设备和数字采集设备。 Constant substitution can be applied to attributes such as credentials or keys, but is usually undesirable for identifiers. 常量替换可应用于证书密码等属性，但标识符通常不用常量替换。 3 重复所代名词 英语常用代词来代替前面出现过的名词，以避免用词重复，而汉译时需要将省略的代词所代的名词重复译出。 The operational software oversees the execution of all progra

14、ms. It also monitors the devices being used. To accomplish this, it establishes a table in which programs are matched against the devices they are using or will use. 操作系统监督着所有程序的执行。它还监视正在使用的设备。为达到此目的，操作系统建立了一张表，表中的程序对应正在使用或将要使用的设备。 The ability of programmers to produce new programs is clearly affect

15、ed by the amount of time they spend maintaining old ones. 程序员开发新软件的能力无疑受到维护旧软件时间长短的影响。 To some extent, these programs do away with the differences between different computers and networks, enabling you to visit or control remote computers that run on completely different types of systems from your o

16、wn. 从某种程度上讲，这些程序摆脱了不同计算机之间和网络之间的差别，从而使你能够访问或控制远程计算机，这些远程计算机运行在与你自己的系统类型完全不同的系统上。 When you back up your files, you can also archive the ones you dont need, thereby freeing up more space on your hard disk and making your files easier to navigate. 当备份文件时，也能同时将不需要的文件归档，从而在硬盘上腾出更大的空间，更易于文件的导航。 The presen

17、ce of multiple CPUs means that one goes down, the others may be able to take over its work, although at reduced performance. 多中央处理器的出现意味着一个处理器发生故障，其他的处理器能够接替它的工作，不过性能有所下降。 (四）前置法 在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此英译汉时往往需要将英语后置成分前置，以符合汉语表达习惯。 A hard disk adds a great deal of storage c

18、apacity to the computer system and significantly improves the speed of such disk operations as saving and retrieving files. 磁盘极大地增加了计算机系统的存储容量，因而显著提高了保存和检索文件之类的磁盘操作速度。 These organizations are responsible for defining the grid standardization process and defining the best practice guidelines for the

19、scientific and industry usage of grid. 这些企业负责制定网格标准化过程以及为网格的科学和产业应用制定最好的应用准则。 IP multicasting is a set of technologies that enables efficient delivery of data to many locations on a network. IP多信道广播是使数据向网络中许多位置高效传送的一组技术。 All modern operating systems are multitasking and can run several processes sim

20、ultaneously. In most computers there is only one CPU, so a multitasking operating system creates the illusion of several process running simultaneously on the CPU. The most common mechanism used to create this illusion is time slice multitasking, whereby each process is run individually for a fixed

21、period of time. 所有现代操作系统都是多任务的，同时能运行几个程序。大部分计算机中仅有一个CPU, 所以多任务操作系统让人产生能同时运行几个程序的错觉。产生这种错觉的最常用机制是时间分割多任务处理，以每个过程各自运行一个固定的时间的方式来实现的。 Operating systems can use virtual memory to run processes that require more main memory than is actually available. 实际可用空间不够时，为了运行那些需要更多主存储空间的程序，操作系统可以利用虚拟存储器。 Consequen

22、tly, software engineering emerged as the organizing force to overcome the barriers that threatened our progress. 因此，软件工程是作为一种克服那些阻碍我们进步的障碍的组织力量而出现的。Some of the maintenance involves fixing any errors that might have slipped through the testing phases; other maintenance involves additions or enhanceme

23、nts that might have to be incorporated into the program.一些维护工作包括修改在测试阶段所忽略的所有错误，其他维护工作还包括必须集成到程序中的新增或增强部分。Information resources sharing allows anyone using a personal computer on the local area network to access data stored on any other computer in the network.信息资源共享允许局域网上每一个计算机用户访问存储于网上其他计算机中的数据。Fo

24、r example, if a company had similar but separate local area networks of personal computers in their accounting and marketing departments, the networks could be connected with a bridge.例如，某公司在其财务部和市场部各有一套由个人计算机组成的相似而又相互独立的局域网，这两个网络就可以通过网桥连接起来。A huge number of software packages are designed to run on

25、IBM computers.许多软件包都是为在IBM计算机上运行而设计的。 Internet worm, in November in 1988, in a single night, overloaded and shut down a large portion of the computers connected to the Internet at that time by replicating itself over and over on each computer it accessed, exploiting a bug in UNIX system. 因特网蠕虫利用UNIX

26、系统的一个错误，通过在它所访问的每台计算机上反复复制自身的办法，一夜之间就使当时接入因特网的大部分计算机超载并关闭。 One disadvantage of a ring network is that if one node fails, the entire network fails because the data does not get past the failed node. 环行网络的一大缺点是一旦一个节点出现故障，由于数据无法通过发生故障的节点，就会导致整个网络瘫痪。 In computer systems, events that demand the attention

27、 of the computer are often handled according to a most-important-event/first-served, or highest-priority in/first-out (HPIFO) rule. Such queues are called priority queue. 计算机系统中，要求计算机系统服务的事件通常根据最重要的事件最先服务来处理的，换句话说，是按服务优先级最高先进/先出队列的原则。这种队列称为优先队列。 A problem arises when transitive relations are introdu

28、ced by relating a single message to several other messages. 将单个信息同其他信息相连而建立传递关系时，问题产生了。 However, there is no consensus on what this process is or how it should be implemented or evaluated. 然而，对于这是一个什么过程以及该如何实施或评估还没有统一意见。 Instructions are executed in the sequence they are stored in memory. 指令是按照其在存储器

29、中的顺序执行的。 (五)拆句法 拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子译成若干个较短，较简洁的句子，通常用于英译汉。英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。英译汉时常常要在原句的关系代词，关系副词，主谓连接处，并列或转折连接处，后续成分与主体连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。 Packet switching is a method of slicing digital messages into parcels called “packets,” sending the packets along different communication paths as they become

30、available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination. 分组交换是传输数据的一种方法， 它先将数据信息分割成许多称为“分组”的数据信息包；当路径可用时，经过不同的通信路径发送；当达到目的地后，再将他们组装起来。 Small business folks have no chance in the competitive world without a battery of PCs and the indispensable hardware, software, and access

31、ories to go with them. 如果没有个人计算机以及必不可少的硬件，软件和相应附件的系列配套，小型企业的人员是没有机会参与世界竞争的。 The software program might even check your name against a list of names to make sure that you are allowed to use the program. 这种软件程序甚至可以对照一系列名字核对你的名字，以便确认你有权使用该程序。 The great difficulty of introducing radically new computer a

32、rchitectures which requires customers to rewrite most of their software excluded the possibility for these techniques to find their way to the commercial marketplace. 采用全新计算机体系结构因要求用户改写其大部分软件，势必难以进入商业市场。 (六)定语的翻译 英语句法结构重“形合”，任何一个名词或名词词组，为了对它进行完整而明确的阐述，可以借助各种修饰结构（介词短语，不定式短语，分词短语，定语或同位语从句等）像滚雪球一样引出一长串

33、修饰成分。而汉语讲究“意合”，各成分用意义串联，往往不需要连接词，一般句子较短。汉语中，对于一个名词，通常不会累加多重修饰语，因为过长的前置定语会使句子拖泥带水，冗长臃肿，晦涩难懂。因此对于计算机专业英语中含有多重定语或长定语从句的翻译可借鉴以下方法：1 译成前置定语定语不长，特别是限定性定语从句如果不长，一般可译成前置定语。Memory chips are hardware that stores information and instructions.内存芯片是存储信息和指令的硬件。Windows operating environments evolved into todays co

34、mprehensive operating systems, which do not require the DOS kernel.Windows操作环境演变成了今天不再需要DOS内核的综合操作系统。The core functional computational requirements for grid applications are:The ability to allow for independent management of computing resources.The ability to provide mechanism that can intelligently

35、 and transparently select computing resources capable of running a users job.网格应用的核心功能计算要求如下：具有独立管理计算资源的能力具备提供机制的能力，这种机制能智能化地，清楚地选择能运作用户工作的计算资源。2 译成并列句定语从句如果较长，译成前置定语显得罗嗦；或者虽然不长但译成前置定语不合逻辑或汉语习惯，可拆译成汉语的并列句。The client issues a command to the server, which gets processed at the server and the results a

36、re sent back to the client machine.客户机向服务器发出命令，该命令在服务器上得到处理，而处理的结果再返回给客户机。The resulting video files, compressed for transmission over a satellite phone, are sent to newsroom technicians, who decompress and then broadcast them all in a matter of seconds.由此产生的视频文件经压缩后通过卫星电话传送给新闻编辑室的技师，新闻编辑室的技师解压缩后即可播出

37、这些视频文件这一切不过是数秒钟的事。Grid computing systems provide a wide range of capabilities that address the above kinds of analysis and modeling activities.网格计算系统有大量性能可以完成以上各种分析以及建模活动。There have been a significant number of commercialization efforts, which support Grid Computing in every sector of the marketplac

38、e.有大量商业化的尝试支持商业界每个部门的网格计算。 3 译成状语 有些定语从句实际上具有状语的作用，翻译时可根据具体情况译成表示原因，目的，结果，条件，让步，时间等状语。 However, its speed is more than adequate for most interactive applications, where the CPU is often idle, waiting for input or for data from other sources. 然而，其速度完全能满足大多数交互式应用程序的需要。（因为）在这些应用程序的情况下，中央处理器经常空闲，等待着输入或来

39、自其他来源的数据。 Electronic computers, which have many advantages, can not carry out creative work and replace man. 电子计算机虽然有许多优点，但不能进行创造性工作，也代替不了人。 4 用“它”，“这”，“其”，“这些”，“这种”等词语予以呼应 A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by perfo

40、rming calculations on numerical data or by compiling and correlating other forms of information. 计算机是一种电子装置，它能接受一套指令或程序，并通过数据运算，或收集和联系其他形式的信息来执行该程序。 The way in which a number of processor units are employed in a single computer system to increase the performance of the system in its application envi

41、ronment above the performance of single processor is an organizational technique. 将许多处理器组成单一的计算机系统，从而提高该系统在其运行环境中的性能，使其超过单个处理器的性能，这种方法称为组织技术。 Data duplication is minimized as much as possible, which is an efficient storage strategy that eliminates data inconsistencies. 数据重复应尽可能减少，这是消除数据不一致的有效储存策略。 T

42、he essence of a data type is that it attempts to identify qualities common to a group of individuals or objects that distinguish it as an identifiable class or kind. 数据类型的本质是标识一组个体或目标所共有的特性，这些特性把该组个体作为可识别的种类。 A data structure is a data type whose values are composed of component elements that are re

43、lated by some structure. 数据结构是一种数据类型，其值是由与某些结构有关的组成元素所构成的。（七） 被动语态的译法 1 译成汉语被动句。在谓语前加“被”或省略“被”，“由”，“给”，“让”，“为所”，“受”“加以”，“经过”等。Not long ago, e-mail was considered a secondary form of communication.不久以前，电子邮件还被视为交流的次要形式。The PCs high-volume, low-cost approach will be adopted by many of the new smart dev

44、ices, because it offers amazing value to consumers. 个人电脑的大容量，低成本思路将为许多新的灵巧设备所采纳，因为它给消费者提供了惊人的价值。A meta-alert can be further merged with other alerts, resulting in a hierarchical structure, which can be represented as a tree.一个元警报可以进一步同其他警报合并，从而产生可用树形图表示的等级结构。 Alert messages are produced by a variety of sensors developed by different vendors and research groups.由不同的厂商和研究团体开发的大量传感器生成警报信息。 2 译成无主句 Tiered architecture was evolved to resolve the issues with the client/server computing environment. 为了解决客户机、服务器计算环境存在的问题，演化出了分层的体系